Bitcoin underlying algorithm
bitcoin is a fraud, so we must be cautious in investment and financial management
even if it is called "hard currency", the price of gold will not only rise but not fall. There is no bubble in gold, but the price is too high, there is a bubble, and the bubble will eventually burst, such as virtual currency such as bitcoin. The more general virtual currencies, the closer bitcoin's value is to zero
this kind of currency, which is a purely calculated digital symbol, has no asset support, no financial revenue and expenditure, no cash reserve and no use value. It is only a circulation symbol. Once it loses its credit guarantee, it is a pile of beautiful printed waste paper. Investors should be alert that there is no so-called safe investment in this world, and all investments are risky
the people's Bank of China and other departments issued a document to severely punish the above-mentioned behaviors, making it clear that token trading is not protected by law. With some virtual currency trading platforms turning to overseas, speculative money speculation has also turned to "underground". In the face of continuous renovation, on the basis of continuous strict supervision, government departments should constantly upgrade the means and ability of supervision, and continue to increase publicity and crackdown on popular science, so as to avoid the masses being deceived
extended information:
investing in virtual currency is more of a kind of speculation. Investors should strengthen their risk prevention awareness and identification ability. Without confirming the identity of the other party, they should not be involved in money transactions, trust low-risk and high return investment procts, especially not join the investment and financing group without verification, These are often well-designed traps by telecommunication network fraudsters
it's better to purchase the investment and financial management accompanied by the children, and learn from the official and authoritative channels, and report to the police in time when they are found to be cheated. Properly protect all kinds of account password, identity information, etc., don't tell others easily. Any reference to the need for transfer and remittance should arouse high vigilance and consult with trusted acquaintances
reference source: people's.com - uncover the crazy bitcoin: new Ponzi scheme of 800 yuan each<
People's website - three men set up bitcoin scam and made a profit of more than 150000 yuan and were sentenced
People's website - People's website comments on "analytic blockchain" part 3: how to avoid getting away from the real to the virtual
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
The price of a bitcoin soared from more than $20000 to $40000. This can not help but arouse my research interest, or simply understand what bitcoin is, what its mechanism looks like, and uncover its mystery. Therefore, after a simple search of some information and some understanding of the special currency, I sorted out the information on hand< (3) purpose: decentralize, rece risk
all servers in the distributed network can store and process data, and each server has equal status, which can store more data and has higher security<
this is the general content of popular science. If you want to know more about it, you can take a look at Nakamoto's paper and the official popular science video below
Every other time, the bitcoin system will generate a random code on the system node. All computers in the Internet can search for this code. Whoever finds this code will generate a block and get a bitcoin. This process is often called mining
at present, one bitcoin is divided into eight decimal places based on the current data structure, that is, 0.00000001btc. The smallest unit of bitcoin g by miners is 0.00000001btc
generally speaking, bitcoin is like a gold mountain with a total amount of 21 million gold coins. To get it, players need to use the computing power of the computer to calculate a group of numbers according to the existing algorithms
extended data:
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, And the use of cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation
the decentralized feature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially control the value of bitcoin by mass manufacturing. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity
there are about three kinds of currency in currency speculation. one is the base currency, which is similar to the representative of money. CNY and usdt Basic goods with value). One is the mainstream token, BTC, ETH (because of the national restrictions, the exchange can only trade in token, that is, take one kind of virtual currency to buy another kind of virtual currency, I don't know why.) The other is a variety of virtual currencies (commodities)
the purchase process is to first go to the exchange platform to find a personal seller with RMB to exchange for usdt, In the process of using usdt to exchange for the mainstream token BTC or eth used in purchasing various virtual coins, and finally using eth to purchase various virtual coins
A. base currency: CNY, usdt (exchangeable, need to be exchanged in good faith transactions with indivial buyers) B. mainstream token: BTC, ethc, virtual currency: all kinds of money, such as profit, need to be exchanged into usdt again, and then sold into CNY. Learn more about the coin circle
< blockquote >sharing area network ~ learn more about the coin circle
< / blockquote >experience: 1. Buy mainstream currency if you can't buy it. 2. If the new currency is not fried in January, it may become a banker to harvest leeks. 3. Just learned an experience, chasing up and killing down, meaning up do not buy, buy must be cut leeks If you have strength and value, you can hold it and wait for salted fish to turn over. 5. If the company is strong, the team is strong, and the executives are strong, you can pay more attention to it. Note: I don't understand the K line at all, and I don't understand the professional words, so I can only make a tentative decision on these purchase principles based on logical thinking
Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation
extended data
features of bitcoin:
1. Circulation around the world: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
2. Exclusive ownership: private key is needed to control bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
3. Low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution