Bitcoin mining guess hash
bitcoin mining is a process that uses computer hardware to calculate the location of bitcoin and obtain it
mining is an incentive process to record data in the bitcoin system. In the bitcoin system, indivial users have the right to pack blocks after calculating a specific hash value by using CPU or GPU to hash
and in order to reward this user for packing blocks, the system will give a certain amount of bitcoin as reward. Because this process is very similar to "mining" in real life, most people call this process mining. In addition to bitcoin, other electronic virtual currencies can also be obtained through mining rewards, such as Ethereum, Monroe and so on
extended data:
mining risk:
1, currency security
the withdrawal of bitcoin requires hundreds of keys, and most people will record this long string of numbers on the computer, but frequent problems such as hard disk damage will make the key permanently lost, which also leads to the loss of bitcoin
2, system risk
system risk is very common in bitcoin, and the most common one is bifurcation. Bifurcation will lead to a drop in currency price and a sharp drop in mining income. However, many cases show that the forking will benefit the miners, and the forked competitive currency also needs the miners' computing power to complete the minting and trading process. In order to win more miners, the competitive currency will provide more block rewards and handling charges to attract miners. Risk makes miners
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
bitcoin system is composed of users (users control the wallet through the key), transactions (transactions will be broadcast to the whole bitcoin network) and miners (a blockchain is generated by competitive computing to reach a consensus at each node, and the blockchain is a distributed public authoritative account book, including all transactions in the bitcoin network)
mining is a process of increasing bitcoin money supply. Mining also protects the security of the bitcoin system, prevents fraulent transactions, and avoids "double payment", which means spending the same bitcoin multiple times. Miners offer algorithms for bitcoin networks in exchange for the opportunity to get bitcoin rewards. The miners verify each new transaction and record it in the general ledger. Every 10 minutes, a new block will be "mined", and each block contains all the transactions from the generation of the previous block to the present, which are added to the blockchain in turn. We call the transactions included in the block and added to the blockchain "confirmed" transactions. After the transaction is "confirmed", the new owner can spend the bitcoin he gets in the transaction
there are two types of rewards for miners in the process of Mining: the new currency reward for creating a new block, and the transaction fee for the transaction contained in the block. In order to get these rewards, miners compete to complete a mathematical problem based on encrypted hash algorithm, that is, to use bitcoin mining machine to calculate the hash algorithm. This requires strong computing power, how much the calculation process is, and whether the calculation results are good or bad. As the proof of miners' calculation workload, it is called "workload proof". The competition mechanism of the algorithm and the mechanism that the winner has the right to record transactions on the blockchain ensure the security of bitcoin
miners also get transaction fees. Each transaction may contain a transaction fee, which is the difference between the input and output of each transaction. A miner who successfully "digs" a new block in the process of mining can get all the transaction "tips" contained in the block. With the decrease of mining reward and the increase of the number of transactions in each block, the proportion of transaction fee in miners' income will graally increase. After 2140, all miners' earnings will be made up of transaction fees
mining is a process of decentralizing settlement, in which each settlement verifies and settles the processed transaction. Mining protects the security of bitcoin system, and achieves the consensus of the whole bitcoin network without a central organization. The invention of mining makes bitcoin very special. This decentralized security mechanism is the basis of point-to-point e-money. The reward and transaction fee for casting new coins are a kind of incentive mechanism, which can regulate miners' behavior and network security, and at the same time complete the currency issuance of bitcoin.
1. I now have a 100 yuan personal name coin in my hand Bitcoin)
2.. Who cares about the official account? But you need to guess the number of the money in the comments Mining, random filling, numerical solution)
try your best to guess, and you get 100 yuan in full - personal mining
pay money to gather some people to guess together - mining field
gather people you don't know to guess together, and allocate the 100 yuan in proportion through the number of guesses -
the above is a simple example of analogy, of course, You followed and guessed the number of 100 yuan in my pocket, I promise you
so what's going on with bitcoin mining
for commercial reprint, please contact the author for authorization, and for non-commercial reprint, please indicate the source
when Zhang San wants to transfer 1000 yuan to Li Si's B account through a account: ① Zhang San roars: attention, I use a account to transfer 1000 yuan to Li Si's B account. ② The villagers near Zhang San listened to Zhang San's voice and checked whether Zhang San's a account had enough balance. ③ After passing the inspection, the villagers write on their account books: account a transfers 1000 yuan to account B, and modify the balance: account a balance = 3000-1000 = 2000 yuan, account B balance = 2000 + 1000 = 3000 yuan. ④ The villagers near Zhang San told the villagers far away about the transfer, and passed it on until everyone knew about the transfer, so as to ensure the consistency of everyone's account books. Smart if you must have found out, in step 2, if Zhang San roars, and the villagers nearby pretend not to hear him, and do not check the account, then the system will stop working? In order to solve this problem, the village decided after discussion that whoever first confirmed Zhang San's voice would get 500 yuan. So everyone put up their ears and monitored every movement in the village. It's really a matter of grass and trees. Someone in the comment area asked, where did the 500 yuan come from? I would like to give a brief answer here. 1. On average, bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes. The number of transactions that can be packaged in this block is limited. Let's count it as 800. However, absenteeism will not give you a package deal and broadcast for no reason, so you need to charge a handling fee. Moreover, because there are many people in the transaction, whose transaction to pack first also depends on the level of handling charges. So you can see that bitcoin is hot now, and the handling charges are going up. 2. We all know that the total number of bitcoin is 21 million, and the issuing mechanism is decreasing year by year. If absenteeism is the first one to successfully package this block and broadcast, and it is the longest chain, he will be rewarded. At present, there are only 12.5 bitcoins. It started with 50. It's decayed twice. Of course, there are small problems, such as why the longest chain is needed, how to determine the longest chain, and which chains will be abandoned? If you are interested, let's talk about it further. The above is the reward for absenteeism. Updated on December 8, 2017. In the world of bitcoin, one block is generated about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the block and submit it, and the first person who successfully generates the block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes. Well, then the story above tells that Zhang San's roar shocked the whole village, and everyone said that they were the first to hear Zhang San's voice. Who should I give the 500 yuan to? So the village discussed the new regulations, and needed evidence to prove that it was Zhang San's voice. Zhang San's cry contains specific sound data, which will be given to whoever breaks it first. In the bitcoin world, this is a new concept, consensus mechanism. Bitcoin decides the bookkeeping right through the consensus mechanism of workload proof. Generally speaking, the one who proves his workload is the biggest is responsible for bookkeeping. The amount of work is reflected by calculating the hash value of the bitcoin block header that meets a certain standard. The block header usually contains the hash value of the previous block, Merkle root, timestamp, difficulty target, and a filled random value. The node that tries to fight for the bookkeeping right is called mining node. The mining process is to find a random value that can fill the block head of this area, so that the hash value of the block head can meet a certain standard
Author: leaf
link: https://www.hu.com/question/20792042/answer/261310341
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bitcoin is a string of code generated by an open-source P2P software, which we call cryptocurrency, e-currency and so on. Bitcoin is proced by mining. Generally speaking, bitcoin mining is to use your hardware to calculate the mathematical problems of sh265 algorithm, confirm network transactions, and ensure the security of the whole network system. As a reward, bitcoin system will give a certain amount of bitcoin reward according to the amount of computing power contributed by miners
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mining is bitcoin. Bitcoin will be generated several times every other period of time, and whoever grabs it will own it. The computer connected to the bitcoin system is the tool "miner" for grabbing bitcoin. As for the issue of national recognition of bitcoin, simply speaking, it depends on the possible impact on the country< br />
1 - data layer: data block, chain structure and time stamp
2 - network layer: P2P network, propagation mechanism, verification mechanism
3 - consensus layer: pow, POS, dpos
4 - incentive layer: issuance mechanism, distribution mechanism
5 - contract layer: script code, algorithm mechanism, smart contract
6-application layer: encapsulates various application scenarios
in the future, jinwowo group will focus on promoting the legal circulation and commercial application of big data with blockchain technology.
Hash algorithm maps any length of binary value to a fixed length of smaller binary value, which is called hash value. Hash value is a unique and compact numerical representation of a piece of data. If you hash a piece of plaintext and change only one letter of the paragraph, subsequent hashes will proce different values. It is computationally impossible to find two different inputs with the same hash value
message authentication code (MAC) hash function is usually used with digital signature to sign data, while message detection code (MDC) hash function is used for data integrity
the basic information of bitcoin network is as follows:
all digital currencies that need to be mined have hash values, such as Laite coin, Ruitai coin, doggy coin, Weimeng coin, Diandian coin, Yuanbao coin, etc< br />
whole network computing power (estimation)
199947 gigahashes / s
this is the current computing power of 3600 coins proced per day divided by computing power 0. It's just 8000g last month. The price is rising too fast. The mining machine has been in mass proction