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DTCC is a clearing house in the United States, which processes billions of dollars of transactions every year. The global credit card processing network visa is only one of the most well-known pilot projects carried out by non banks. That is to say, some financial sectors are certainly more active than others
major stock and commodity exchanges can be said to be the most active institutions participating in blockchain experiments. For example, NASDAQ, a major U.S. stock exchange provider, even released its own blockchain trading model last fall. This program, called LINQ, can trade and track the shares of private companies. NASDAQ has positioned it as an early experiment of blockchain technology to expand the scope of major stock trading and even the scope of new asset classes< br />Blockchain_ Stock exchanges
although the subtle areas are more different, the 10 major stock and commodity exchanges in the world have shown interest in blockchain technology. In this article, we will give you a detailed introction:
1. Australian Stock Exchange (ASX)
when it comes to the application of blockchain technology, ASX is definitely one of the most ambitious companies. In January, ASX invested more than US $10 million in digital asset holdings, a start-up company in the instry, as part of its R & D activities
at the same time of investment, ASX also revealed that it will not only conct technical tests, but also establish a new post transaction settlement system, which will be developed by digital asset through the use of distributed general ledger structure
however, since January this year, the update progress of the project on the Australian Stock Exchange may have been overshadowed by controversy. In March this year, the Australian news media began to speculate that although the Australian Stock Exchange has reiterated its support for the experiment, the blockchain project may also be in doubt with the premature resignation of Elmer Funke Kupper, the chief executive of the Australian Stock Exchange< CME Group is one of the founders of "post trade distributed ledger working group". At present, CME Group has carried out very positive actions in the instry through its investment department CME ventures
CME Group is unique among its peers. It has been pursuing a diversified investment strategy across instries. It has successively invested in ripple, a distributed accounting start-up company, digital currency group and digital asset holdings. Beyond that, however, CME Group has yet to speak publicly about its actions in technology and the wider instry< br />3.Deutsche B� 0� 2rse
Deutsche B & 65533, the operator of Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany; 0� 2rse, another participant on the list, also participated in the $60 million financing of digital asset holdings in January< However, unlike its joint investor ASX, Deutsche B & 65533; 0� 2rse expresses less support for technology
in an interview in February this year, Deutsche B & 65533; 0� 2rse said it is concting a proof of concept for the technology, although it has not released any survey or test results
4. Du multi commodity trading center
in the Middle East, blockchain related activities are relatively rare, and this situation has continued until the recent opening of the global blockchain Council. With 32 members, the global blockchain Council is a group of start-ups, financial companies and technology giants to monitor the application of technology and its impact
based on these members, Du multi Commodities Center is a special economic zone and commodity circulation center responsible for supervising the trading of precious metals and other tangible commodities
DMCC announced in February that it is engaged in a technology experiment with bitoasis, a bitcoin start-up company, to explore how blockchain technology can improve its personnel's entry process< JPX is one of the most active stock market operators in Asia. In February, JPX announced its interest in the instry and has formed an alliance with IBM to become a user of blockchain-as-a-service (baas)
at that time, relevant reports said that the Japanese exchange group was concting a proof of concept study on the role of blockchain technology in creating a new low liquidity asset trading system, and the final results would be published in a report later this year
earlier this month, the Japanese stock exchange group also announced that it is working with the Nomura Research Institute (NRI) to test how technology can be applied to the stock market< Korea exchange is the only stock exchange in South Korea and one of the new entrants to this list. It announced in February that it will strive to launch a counter trading platform through blockchain technology
in a statement to the local news media, Korea Exchange said it hoped the technology would help rece costs. Details of the trial and the company's participation in the group were not released
7. London Stock Exchange (LSE)
LSE is one of the founders of "post trade distributed ledger working group". When it comes to experiments on blockchain technology, LSE is one of the most dynamic and low-key institutions
the London Stock Exchange is one of the largest groups to follow the steps of R3, a start-up company, and it is the first to say that large financial companies will seek to use cooperation mode to conct blockchain testing, which is beyond the framework of R3
since then, some large financial companies have begun to participate in private proof of concept and operation in certain areas of capital markets involving all parties
in addition, like Kouvola innovation and Japan exchange group, London Stock Exchange is one of the initial customers of IBM's blockchain-as-a-service (baas)
8. NASDAQ
when it comes to testing blockchain technology, NASDAQ is probably the most active organization. Nasdaq, the US stock market operator, launched LINQ, a private equity trading platform for the first time in 2015, and thus became the first financial institution to conct a proof of concept of blockchain. At present, the platform is still in the testing stage
in addition, NASDAQ has reached a cooperation with chain, a blockchain solution provider, and allowed its internal experts to talk openly about blockchain technology
in 2016, NASDAQ continued this momentum. More recently, it has revealed that it is working with Estonia's NASDAQ OMX Tallinn stock exchange to conct a trial to use blockchain technology to rece obstacles to shareholder voting
9. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
NYSE is one of the first companies interested in the instry. In 2015, NYSE issued two important statements, both of which are related to bitcoin
in January 2015, NYSE invested in coinbase, a bitcoin service company, as part of its round C financing. At that time, Jeffrey sprecher, chairman of NYSE, said the investment showed confidence in the fact that the millennials would widely use digital currency. He described the millennials as having a more progressive view of value exchange
in May, NYSE will continue to launch bitcoin price index, which will become a competitor of coindesk's bitcoin price index (BPI), which is based on the trading data of coinbase trading platform
10. TMX group
TMX group, the operator of Toronto Stock Exchange, has not clearly expressed its opinions on blockchain technology
however, with Anthony di Iorio (one of the co founders of Ethereum) employed as the organization's first chief digital technology officer, TMX also publicly expressed its interest in blockchain technology for the first time in March this year. Next generation network has become one of the most important blockchain applications in the eyes of the public after the proct release in March
nevertheless, TMX group has indicated that it is in the early stage of generating blockchain strategy, and it may conct technical testing soon
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx) is a major global exchange group and a holding company listed in Hong Kong. It operates exchanges in Hong Kong and London, Its members include the stock exchange of Hong Kong Limited, the Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited, the Hong Kong Central Clearing Company Limited, the stock exchange of Hong Kong Options Clearing Company Limited and the Hong Kong Futures Clearing Company Limited, as well as the London Metal Exchange (LME), the world's leading base metal market.
You can brush Android, but it's very troublesome, and the Android system is slow after you brush it, and there will be all kinds of problems. It's not recommended to brush Android. If you have to brush it, here's a tutorial. Xiao still doesn't brush it. The following is the method of brushing:
preparation before brushing:
1, a generation of iPhone or an iPhone 3G. The firmware version must be between 2.0 and 3.1.2, and has been jailed with redsn0w, blacksn0w or PwnageTool (Note: the version jailed with spirit is not supported)
2, 32-bit Linux operating system or Linux virtual machine in Windows environment
3. Precompile images and binary files. Which file to use depends on whether your iPhone is the first generation or 3G
4. IPhone OS 3.1.2 IPSW file is required, also known as iPhone 1,1_ 3.1.2_ 7D11_ Restore.ipsw or iPhone 1.2_ 3.1.2_ 7D11_ Restore.ipsw This file must be in the computer
5. Firmware of Marvell WLAN chip in iPhone
brushing steps:
Part I
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create a directory named firewall in the home directory of Linux
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10. Run the following command in the terminal: Cd ~ / idroid sudo. / loadibec openiboot.img3. If everything goes well, openiboot Startup menu will appear
11. Use the volume control button or the hold key to select the second menu option, and press the home key to select it. The console in text mode will now run on the screen. At the end, you will be prompted to welcome to openiboot
12. Type: sudo. / OIBC in the terminal, and then back up nor (this is the iPhone boot program) to prevent your iPhone from becoming a brick
13. Type nor under terminal / OIBC_ This will read the entire nor into main memory
14. Enter ~ norbackup in the terminal / OIBC bin@0x09000000 : 1048576, a file of norbackup.bin will be generated in the idroid directory, so remember to save it. The function of this command is to upload nor to the computer. After the backup, you are free to modify nor now. Next, we need to install openiboot to nor to replace Apple's existing iBoot bootloader
15. Type install under terminal / OIBC. The whole process may take a few minutes, please be patient
16. Type reboot in terminal / OIBC, and then press Ctrl + C to exit. This completes the whole brush process. Write at the end: the above is the whole process of installing Android system, as long as you follow the tutorial carefully, there will be no mistakes. It should be noted that the openiboot menu appears every time the iPhone starts, which is normal. In addition, in Android system, only when hold and home are pressed at the same time can the mobile phone be shut down forcibly. Of course, if you don't like the Android system, you can also reset the iPhone by pressing home under the iPhone OS options menu until the connect to iTunes screen appears
Emma, it's finished at last, but if ordinary people have this Kung Fu, they might as well buy an Android phone_ T
At present, there are 36000 castles in France. These beautiful castles have hundreds of years of history, most of which are traditional French medieval buildings. For hundreds of years, there is a little-known secret behind every castle. The fort Rennes treasure took place in a very old castle
One day, he came to a hill near renburg to herd sheep. When the sheep were grazing there, Paris lay in a bush and fell asleep with a dream. When he woke up, he found that the most obedient old goat had disappeared. He was so anxious that he looked around. Not far down the hill, he saw a big crack and thought, "did the sheep get into it?" Then he came down doubtfully. If you look more carefully, you can't see the end inside. What to dothinking of his father's dignified eyes at home, he still emboldened himself and walked straight into the tunnel
it's very dark in the tunnel, only a little light outside. The darker he went, the more afraid he was. He almost moved forward step by step. Go further, he is scared to come out! Because there are skeletons in front of him. In astonishment, Paris could not help but kneel beside the skeletons, praying to God for fear that a ghost would suddenly come out and kill him. After all, the big boy was a little man. Later, he graally stabilized. At this time, he noticed that there were not all skeletons inside, and there were several big boxes on the ground that could not tell what color they were. Boldly opened the box, suddenly in front of a bright: the original inside is full of gold
Paris filled his pocket with gold coins, turned and ran home. And then you can imagine. This thrilling experience completely changed the family situation of him and his parents overnight, and soon attracted a lot of comments from renburg people: some were puzzled, some speculated, some were jealous, and some even went to local officials to report him. Paris is a devout believer. He doesn't want to tell lies, but he doesn't want to tell the truth. Because he never revealed the real origin of these gold coins, he died in prison for the crime of theft. But the stubborn child didn't tell the secret of the catacombs until he died
How many gold coins are there in that catacombs? How many treasures are there? Who is hiding there? After later research, it is a treasure of 18.5 million gold coins (equivalent to 18 billion francs in 1914)whose "Golden Mountain" are they
Among the opinions of the French in the past hundred years, there are three kinds of opinions: some historians believe that this treasure was hidden by French Regent queen Blanche de castier in 1250, and they have a history of at least 700 hundred years. Why did the queen hide the treasure at renburg Some people speculate that in February 1250, an armed uprising dominated by shepherds, serfs and the urban poor once swept through the northern and central parts of France e to the oppression of aristocrats and the burden of the king's taxes. In order to avoid the impact of the riot, Queen castier brought people to renburg. At that time, renburg was called radar, with nearly 3000 residents. It was surrounded by strong walls, which were easy to defend but difficult to attack. It was considered as an unbreakable castle. Moreover, the castle is backed by mountains and dense forests, so it can advance and retreat freely. What's more, Fort Rennes is located on the main road of Spain. If necessary, it can retreat to Spain. Therefore, the Regent decided to use renburg as a temporary "Dao house" and hide this treasury treasure in a secret place under what she called "the main tower of the castle" at that time as a reserve when she needed itthis treasure is enough to support a considerable number of troops, which is of great significance for the reconstruction of hegemony. The Regent queen died in 1252 and told her son the secret before she died
Her son was Louis IX, or Saint Louis. Louis IX was good at horseback hunting when he was young. He ascended the throne under the age of 13. He was a devout Christian and a famous figure in the crusade. In 1244, when Jerusalem had fallen into the hands of pagans, he decided to go to liberate the holy land for the seventh crusade. On August 25, 1248, he set out with 35000 knights and 100 warships, landed in Cyprus, and then occupied Damietta. In 1250, Louis IX was captured in manrazu, Egypt, and had to hand over 400000 yuan to be free. From 1250 to 1254, he lived in Jerusalem for four years, trying to reorganize Palestine and Syria. In 1269, he decided to go to Africa again. In early July 1270, he led the army to land in Tunisia. At first, he won successively and occupied Carthage. After that, his army was attacked by plague, and he himself was killed by plague. On his deathbed, he told his heirs the secret, together with a roll of parchment Later, the brave man Philip III guarded the treasure with great vigilance. He not only kept the roll of parchment, but also secretly executed some people who knew about it. Originally, he wanted to tell his successor in the future. However, before he could realize his wish, he suddenly died of fever on his way home after the battle of smorgas The successor of Philip III is Philip IV (1268-1314). He was born in Fontainebleau. He lost his mother at the age of 3 and was knighted at the age of 16. This man is tall, handsome, blonde, so he is called "beautiful man". In 1285, he went south with his father to fight for the throne of Aragon for his brother Charlie. In 1294, he began the war against England. After making peace with England in 1303, she married her daughter Princess Isabella to Edward II, the future king of England. The marriage brought peace to Britain and France for many years. Before the end of the war between England and France, Philip IV led his troops to suppress the Flemish. As a result of the huge expenditure of more than ten years of war, the people were exhausted. In 1306, in order to search for people's property, he decided to expel all Jews and check their property. For the same reason, in September 1307, he disbanded the Knights Templar and gained a lot of wealth. Unfortunately, he didn't know that his former king had hidden such a huge treasuresome people think that this treasure may not be hidden by the mother of King St. Louis, but may be a treasure of King Alaric in ancient France. King Alaric's capital was also located in renburg. It is said that the king was brave and good at fighting, and he took a lot of treasure from the war. However, there is no evidence for this claim, because the tomb was found according to the inscription on castier's parchment, and the gold coins were cast 1250 years ago, rather than ancient coins
others think that this may be the treasure of the Puritans in Medieval France, because renburg used to be one of the main strongholds of Puritans. According to historical records, the sect lived a simple life, but accumulated a lot of treasures, and often buried them for emergency use. This treasure may be the emergency wealth accumulated and hidden by the "purists". But later, e to some unknown reasons, the treasure guardians who knew the details lost their inheritance, which made the treasure lost in the long river of history
In 1654, people rebuilt radar town and renamed it renburg. Since then, the real whereabouts of this treasure has become a historical mystery More than 200 years have erased all traces of Paris and this treasure. Nothing seems to have happened at renburg In 1892, by a very accidental chance, the priest of renburg church, belange sonier, stepped into the mysterious underground tomb, which made renburg attract the attention of all France In 1885, Blanche sonier was appointed the priest of renburg church. He was very devout and charitable, and soon won the respect of the local people. And the heart of the beautiful young Mary denato In 1892, sonier received a municipal loan of 2400 francs to repair his church and altar With this money, the priest Blanche sonier quickly invited a masons to repair the roof of the church. One day, babang, the bricklayer, could not help himself, so he asked the priest to help him select one of the several waxed hollow log columns as the main altar. The priest picked up a log and found that there was a roll of old plant parchment in it, on which were written some ancient French with Latin. At first glance, this is nothing more than fragments from the New Testament. But sonier intuitively guessed that there must be a lot in it After finishing the repair of the church, father sonier devoted all his energy to studying the parchment. He recognized the contents of the New Testament and found the autograph of French Regent queen Blanche de castier and her seal. So in the winter of 1892, he left for Paris to consult linguists. Out of caution, he showed linguists only a few words that could not explain the meaning In the end, he realized that what was written on the imitation parchment was the secret of a huge treasure of 18.5 million gold coins hidden by the French queen. When sonier returned to renburg, although he did not know where the treasure was hidden, he had reliable information. He first searched in the church and found no traceone day, the beautiful Mary saw a epitaph from the tomb of Countess otpur blanchford in the cemetery, with some strange inscriptions on it. It is incredible that these inscriptions are very consistent with the words on parchment. Is the treasure hidden under that ancient tomb
With the help of Mary, the priest began to move around the cemetery. One night, they finally got inspiration from the epitaph of the countess, and found a tunnel under an already empty cemetery called "Castle". They followed the tunnel that Paris, the stubborn boy, had walked through more than 200 years ago, and finally walked into a mysterious catacombs, where they found gold coins, jewelry and other valuables Sonier did not forget the danger. In order to keep the secret forever, he quietly scraped off the inscription on the countess's tombstone in the cemetery, carefully eliminated all clues that could make others find the underground tomb, and hid the roll of parchment in the underground tomb where only he and Mary knewthe priest and Mary got a lot of gold coins and jewelry from the underground chamber, and everything was done perfectly. After that, they closed the tomb
in order to hide the truth, he and Mary agreed that he would first go to Spain, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany to exchange gold coins for cash, and then send them here through the post office in the name of Mary donado. Soon, by 1893, father sonier had become a rich man with hundreds of thousands of dollars
he invited the best architects and renovated the church with the best materials