Hackers change bitcoin system

1. bitcoin is invented by a hacker. It is generated by a large number of calculations on a computer, rather than issued by an institution. Therefore, bitcoin, as a virtual currency, is universal and its price is not affected by an institution or company. The process of procing bitcoin is the computer's incessant calculation. The process of procing bitcoin has an image called "mining", which is like a physical object. Therefore, its value has been growing, and it is favored by hackers (not only hackers, but also investors). In addition, the transaction of bitcoin is anonymous. If the hacker chooses a bank account, there is a risk of being traced, so the hacker will choose bitcoin for blackmail.

2. You can introce bitcoin on the Internet. The characteristics of bitcoin can explain your problem. Many criminals launder money through bitcoin. You can focus on points 2 and 4
1. Complete decentralization, without issuing institutions, it is impossible to manipulate the number of issues. Its distribution and circulation are realized through open-source P2P algorithm
2. Anonymity, tax exemption and supervision free
3. Robustness. Bitcoin is completely dependent on P2P network and has no distribution center, so it cannot be shut down externally. Bitcoin price may fluctuate and collapse, and many governments may declare it illegal, but bitcoin and its huge P2P network will not disappear
4. Borderless and cross-border. Cross border remittance will go through layers of exchange control agencies, and the transaction records will be recorded by many parties. But if you trade with bitcoin, enter the digital address directly, click the mouse and wait for the P2P network to confirm the transaction, a lot of money will pass. It does not go through any regulatory agencies and will not leave any cross-border transaction records
5. It is difficult for the cat to survive. Because bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, recompile, and create a new P2P currency. But these counterfeit currencies are fragile and vulnerable to 51% attacks. Any indivial or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a P2P currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency value at will, which will be a devastating blow to P2P currency. Many Shanzhai coins die in this link. The bitcoin network is robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the bitcoin network, the number of CPUs / GPUs required will be astronomical.

3. This begins with a hermit named "Nakamoto Tsung"
on November 1, 2008, the hermit named "Nakamoto Tsung" watched the sky at night. Seeing that the time was ripe, he announced his new idea of issuing an electronic currency called "bitcoin" on a secret cryptography forum

then, in 2009, bitcoin was born
for a while, there were rumors all over the world:
"what is bitcoin?"
"what's the magic power of bitcoin?"
"can it compare with traditional currency?"

it's just a hermit's "masterpiece left behind". Why did it make such a big stir in the world<

it turns out that this bitcoin has risked the world's great injustice, escaped the high-ranking government control, and set up a "small autonomy" on its own:
bitcoin no longer needs to be issued by a specific institution, but is generated through a set of "institutions" designed by Nakamoto Tsung, which is based on a specific algorithm and through a large number of calculations. Regardless of the world, as long as you have a computer, access system, and operate the "organ", you can become a "coin digger"

a thousand waves were aroused for a while, and an undercurrent was set off in the river and Lake: men, women, old and young were yearning to invest in the "money digging fever"<
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but since ancient times, unique martial arts skills have come out, and most of the onlookers will see through them, but fengmaolingjiao is the one who really understands the mystery

in the same way, this "coin digger" who creates miracles is not something ordinary people can do at will. Even if everyone has a computer and computing tools, it depends on talent and hard work to generate a new bitcoin

if every "digger" wants to dig bitcoin, he has to go into many "mechanisms" of Nakamoto Tsung and use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem through huge calculation. This is far from enough. Whether we can understand the secret is not only related to the ability of the "coin digger", because the "mechanism" will automatically adjust the difficulty of the questions, so that the whole system will get a qualified answer every 10 minutes, while the vast army of "coin diggers" are crazy computing. Who can understand the secret depends on the nature

it's like buying lottery tickets. Everyone is crazy to generate various combinations of numbers with computing tools in hand. Whoever can guess the same string as the big prize will be the winner

in the end, the lucky person who was lucky enough to get a specific solution successfully created a bitcoin, and the reward for him was a total of 50 bitcoins

at this time, someone will ask, is bitcoin hard to get out of the endless mining
this is the true wisdom of Nakamoto's seclusion

like all kinds of gold, silver, iron and copper veins, bitcoin will be g out one day. A total of 21 million mathematical problems have been designed in the "mechanism" and 21 million corresponding qualified answers have been matched. In other words, the upper limit of bitcoin mining is controlled at 21 million
Where is the mystery

we know that the reason why the government calls the wind and the rain is precisely because it has the power to issue currency. Increasing and recing issuance are "fierce moves" to regulate the economy

and Nakamoto's restriction on the total amount of bitcoin has cut off the way for bitcoin market to be regulated, which is obviously the opposite

which is better? There are two schools in the world:
"supporters" think that eliminating intervention is a sign of social progress
the "losers" feel that fixed aggregate may lead to deflation, which in turn will lead to a series of market weakness and "bone breaking" of the overall economy
the merits and demerits will be left to future generations

since there is a reward for digging coins and the total amount is limited, isn't the mine going to be g through in just a few days
How could the "mechanism" that he had painstakingly researched be easily manipulated by the world<

Nakamoto has two rules under the "agency" neutrality:

first, the more bitcoin, the less reward
- when the total amount reaches 10.5 million hours (50% of 21 million), the reward will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5. And so on

secondly, the more the total number of "coin diggers", the lower the efficiency
in this way, bitcoin will be proced more slowly in the later stage. According to the plan, from the birth of bitcoin in 2009, mining will last more than 100 years, and it will not reach the upper limit until 2140
today, the total amount of bitcoin mined out in the world is just over 16 million

all of the above are just a set of "mechanisms" carefully arranged by master Nakamoto. There is another set of "mechanisms" with such precision

bitcoin is a rare thing in the world, so how to trade it? How to manage
after living in seclusion for many years, Nakamoto studied cryptography, a unique security process for bitcoin circulation

the transaction behind bitcoin is very complicated. Bitcoin can generate bitcoin addresses randomly, and each address has a corresponding private key, which is equivalent to the bank card number and the corresponding password. Only when you have both can you manage your money
but is the complexity of this address comparable to that of ordinary bank cards

how confidential is the bitcoin address
each address is made up of a string of letters and numbers about 33 bits long, always starting with 1 or 3
how many such random addresses are there? The answer is: probably more than the sand on earth
it's not easy to break such a complex "secret protection system"

in this way, with the second "organ" blessing of Nakamoto Tsung, bitcoin circulation has more security than ordinary currency

it's no wonder that with the advent of bitcoin, the currency world is shaking, and a new fight is in the dark

bitcoin, like countless secret lone Rangers, grows savagely under the authority of the government. According to the legend, bitcoin is free (decentralized, tax-free, regulatory free), strong (relying on P2P network, external can not be closed), omnipresent (cross-border, borderless), and anonymous

you can understand, "freedom", "coming and going without name" and "omnipresent", which means that bitcoin can not only be tracked and supervised by the government, but also grow wildly in the world. It's a great way for hackers to blackmail
moreover, since last year, bitcoin has been rising wildly, and hackers all over the Internet know this information well

there is no doubt that bitcoin is a safe and profitable way to blackmail

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or like this< But all the martial arts in the world are strong. Bitcoin also has weaknesses

there are three pithy formulas:
first, bitcoin network is not broken, and trading platform is fragile
Second, the "black market" trading, speculation rampant, price roller coaster day by day
thirdly, it is difficult for ordinary people to understand the secrets of nature because of their profound martial arts
in particular, the third point is that although the Kung Fu is good, the threshold is too high, which is lamentable

then, if you look at China today, where is bitcoin going
to be fair, in the eyes of the mother of the central bank, it is not too much to say that bitcoin is a barbaric growth: in the past year, with the devaluation of RMB, bitcoin has once again become the target of investors' speculation, and its value has increased by 120%

smart passers-by have already seen through everything
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coupled with the emerging bitcoin virus, it seems that it is time for bitcoin to be subject to a wave of regulation.

4. Why do you give him the money? If the system doesn't have any important files, reload the system. Do you know how much a bitcoin costs
remember to back up important files next time for a rainy day
and now the virus has been cracked, just follow the process. You give money to help the tyrant
we are 15pb information security ecation, using hacker means to prevent hackers. If you are interested, you can learn about it

5. You must have more than two computers. Change the IP of the two computers into each other's intranet IP. Pay attention to whether there is firewall interception. It is recommended to turn off all firewalls for the first time for experiment. As long as you find the link, you can start mining. The wallet needs no old blocks

6.

at present, the vast majority of digital currency transactions are concted in exchanges. Among the numerous exchanges, bitfinex, binance, okex and so on are well-known

However, bitcoin and other digital currencies, as decentralized assets, have to be traded in a centralized exchange, which seems to have hidden contradictions and dangers

1. Problems and challenges of stock exchanges=“ https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/fd039245d688d43fdf16c83b761ed21b0ff43bbf ">

in February 2014, Mt. GOx, the world's largest bitcoin exchange at that time, was stolen 850000 bitcoins, and the price of bitcoin suffered a" cliff "crash on that day. Later, it was revealed that Mt. GOx was in fact a thief, and only 7000 bitcoins were actually stolen

in August 2016, bitfinex, the largest U.S. dollar bitcoin trading platform, suffered a security vulnerability, resulting in the theft of 120000 bitcoins, which was worth $65 million at that time. If converted into the price in December 2017, it would be worth nearly $2 billion

on December 19, 2017, South Korea's youbit exchange was attacked by hackers and lost 4000 bitcoins, and the exchange declared bankruptcy

on December 21, 2017, the Ukrainian liqui exchange was stolen 60000 bitcoins, and the unit price of bitcoin plummeted by US $2000

in 2018, such a drama will only continue

in addition to the threat of hackers, traditional exchanges also have some inherent shortcomings, such as lack of supervision and inefficiency. The security of the exchange for investors can only rely on its own credit, and the cost of running is very low. The stock exchange is regulated at the national level, but there is no such sword of Damocles on the top of the digital currency exchange. Moreover, in an exchange, the same order can only be submitted to one exchange. After the user places an order, the funds used for the transaction will be frozen and can only wait for the completion or cancellation of the transaction. These are undoubtedly inefficient

All in all, the problems of exchanges are the problems of centralization

2. Decentralization of exchanges=“ https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/86d6277f9e2f070889a173c9e224b899a801f257 ">

(1) the progress of the exchange itself

the upgrade of security means is various. At present, the best use is cold wallet, that is, to keep the digital currency in the offline U disk. At the end of 2017, when the YouTube exchange was attacked, 75% of its assets were withdrawn into the cold purse in time to avoid greater losses. However, it seems to be a helpless way to protect the online assets by offline means. Of course, there should be many other methods, which will not be repeated here

(2) the representative of cross ledger transaction is ripple network, and the operating company is ripple labs, which is a semi centralized system. Ripple is a decentralized clearing agreement. In order to solve the high cost and delay of inter-bank clearing, its base currency is XRP. Ripple network can connect all kinds of assets, such as US dollar, RMB, Japanese yen, bitcoin, etc. to its own network. In this system, U.S. dollars or bitcoin can be converted into reborn currency, and then reborn currency can circulate freely in the network, just as a highway is built between various assets. Due to the support of major banking institutions, the reborn currency achieved nearly 300 times growth in 2017

(3) decentralized exchange

some teams try to use blockchain technology to build a decentralized exchange. This kind of decentralized exchange, to some extent, is an extension of cross ledger trading

bitshares is the most representative of early rising projects. It builds a blockchain development platform with servers scattered all over the world. Even if some of them are attacked, the system will not collapse. Anyone can transfer money and borrow money freely on this platform, and can also quickly build a centralized exchange based on this platform. In order to ensure stable value, bitstocks also require three times of digital assets as collateral. At present, bitstocks are running fairly well

later, with the development of Ethereum and smart contract, the x x protocol came into being. This is an open protocol running in the Ethereum blockchain and a decentralized exchange in the Ethereum ecosystem. The agreement has attracted many investors. At present, it has completed financing and started to build open source software tools and infrastructure. Of course, there are many competitors. Ether Delta, IDEX and oasis DEX are trying to provide similar functions. Moreover, it is a smart contract system based on Ethereum, which only supports erc20 token. If other smart contract public chains start to rise, the demand will be reced

in addition, there are some teams that are entering, such as the domestic road seal agreement, looping (LRC) in English. They adopted a design similar to the X protocol, and also introced a fast payment function similar to the lightning network. It is characterized by trying to match multiple exchanges, the user's order can be broadcast to multiple exchanges, and completed by different exchanges. Moreover, the user can still use the account funds after placing an order, and the user's behavior of transferring part or all of the funds is equivalent to partial or total cancellation. To some extent, it improves the breadth and timeliness of the transaction. However, this system seems to have damaged the "power" of the existing exchanges. Whether we can persuade everyone to play together will be a difficult problem

At present, there is still a long way to go for the construction of decentralized exchange. In 3-5 years, traditional exchange will still be the main battlefield of digital currency

However, in the future, it is worth looking forward to let the decentralized digital currency get rid of the shackles of centralization

7. I have studied it for a while. The probability of a comprehensive attack is not big, but it is possible to attack in a small scale. According to the characteristics of bitcoin, for example, changing I to 1
is a very small attack, which is difficult to find. If the inventor holds a mind of not making you feel better, this kind of attack is possible. You can't find it before you take money, because you have money and everything, I just can't get it out

8. It's almost impossible. Bitcoin is stored in blockchain. Due to the characteristics of blockchain, it's almost impossible to modify the balance of bitcoin

9. The bitcoin server has its own independent system and management mechanism. The modified database does not match their database and is useless. The hot backup servers are automatically restored

10. According to the analysis of 360 security center, the campus network blackmail virus was spread by the "eternal blue" hacker weapon leaked by NSA“ "Eternal blue" can remotely attack the 445 port (file sharing) of windows. If the system does not install the Microsoft patch in March this year, it does not need any user operation. As long as it turns on the Internet, "eternal blue" can execute any code in the computer and implant malicious programs such as blackmail virus.