Bitcoin died of quantum
Publish: 2021-05-03 11:52:48
1. First of all, let's talk about the background. The basic principle of bitcoin "account" is key public key address. You can roughly understand it as "key box box number". Now is to start from the box number or box to crack the key
there are basically two kinds of attacks, one is dictionary attack, the other is brute force attack
dictionary attack is to use common passwords and their simple variants as keys one by one. As long as your pass phrase is not hard enough, the possibility of successful attack is very high. So if you want to use this, you need to popularize the knowledge of cryptography first, and don't think it's very safe to add a long password
if you don't use the wallet generated by pass phrase, you can only crack it violently, which is equivalent to enumerating all the possible keys. At present, this is impossible, even if the electronic computer is becoming more and more powerful. However, quantum computer can do it theoretically, but don't worry too much. If such a powerful quantum computer comes out, it will not only endanger bitcoin
at the same time, bitcoin has a second layer of protection: if an address only accepts bitcoin but does not output it, its public key is confidential, that is to say, no one else can see the box, only the box number. At present, the process of decing the box from the box number can't even be done by quantum computer. In other words, if there is a quantum computer, bitcoin has a last line of Defense: it's temporarily safe to transfer your money to a new address
finally, some time ago, the wallet generated by the Android client was attacked because of a bug in the underlying random number generator. In fact, this function is not random securerandom, which Google quickly admitted and fixed. It's hard to say whether this kind of thing will happen again, but I don't think we need to worry too much.
there are basically two kinds of attacks, one is dictionary attack, the other is brute force attack
dictionary attack is to use common passwords and their simple variants as keys one by one. As long as your pass phrase is not hard enough, the possibility of successful attack is very high. So if you want to use this, you need to popularize the knowledge of cryptography first, and don't think it's very safe to add a long password
if you don't use the wallet generated by pass phrase, you can only crack it violently, which is equivalent to enumerating all the possible keys. At present, this is impossible, even if the electronic computer is becoming more and more powerful. However, quantum computer can do it theoretically, but don't worry too much. If such a powerful quantum computer comes out, it will not only endanger bitcoin
at the same time, bitcoin has a second layer of protection: if an address only accepts bitcoin but does not output it, its public key is confidential, that is to say, no one else can see the box, only the box number. At present, the process of decing the box from the box number can't even be done by quantum computer. In other words, if there is a quantum computer, bitcoin has a last line of Defense: it's temporarily safe to transfer your money to a new address
finally, some time ago, the wallet generated by the Android client was attacked because of a bug in the underlying random number generator. In fact, this function is not random securerandom, which Google quickly admitted and fixed. It's hard to say whether this kind of thing will happen again, but I don't think we need to worry too much.
2. Recommend this book to you. You should be inspired after reading it John Christophe is a Nobel Prize winning novel by Roman Roland and translated by Fu Lei. I'd like to attach an excerpt and Mr. Fu Lei's translator's speech. Enjoy it quietly This period is the time when he closed his eyes and resisted all the idols of his childhood. He hated himself and them because he had believed them—— And this kind of resistance should be. There is a time in life when we should dare to abandon all the unfair things, the respected things that others admire, whether truth or lies, and deny all the things that we don't think are truth. All ecation and all information enable a child to mix a lot of lies with stupidity and the main truths of life. Therefore, if he wants to become a sound person, the first responsibility of his youth is to vomit up his food The true light is not that there will never be dark time, but that it will never be covered by darkness. A true hero is not one who never has a humble sentiment, but one who never succumbs to it
therefore, before you want to defeat the external enemies, you have to defeat your internal enemies; You don't have to be afraid of degeneration, as long as you can constantly extricate yourself and update
John Christophe is not a novel - it should be said that it is not only a novel, but a great epic of mankind. What it describes and sings is not the hardships and dangers that human beings have experienced in the material aspect, but in the spiritual aspect. It is not the battle track of conquering the outside world, but the battle track of conquering the inner world. It is a mirror of thousands of creatures, an adventure of heroes and sages at all times and in all countries, and a great symphony of Beethoven's style. May the readers open this book with reverence
soldier, when you know that you are not the only one suffering in the world, you will surely rece the pain, and your hope will always regenerate in despair!
therefore, before you want to defeat the external enemies, you have to defeat your internal enemies; You don't have to be afraid of degeneration, as long as you can constantly extricate yourself and update
John Christophe is not a novel - it should be said that it is not only a novel, but a great epic of mankind. What it describes and sings is not the hardships and dangers that human beings have experienced in the material aspect, but in the spiritual aspect. It is not the battle track of conquering the outside world, but the battle track of conquering the inner world. It is a mirror of thousands of creatures, an adventure of heroes and sages at all times and in all countries, and a great symphony of Beethoven's style. May the readers open this book with reverence
soldier, when you know that you are not the only one suffering in the world, you will surely rece the pain, and your hope will always regenerate in despair!
3. How can I not show you my mother but still prove that my mother is my mother
zero knowledge proof is a technology that the verifier can make the verifier believe a certain conclusion is true and credible without providing the verifier with the information itself. At present, the anonymous transaction of zcash, a digital asset with outstanding anonymity, is realized by "zero knowledge proof"
for example, a has to prove to B that he has the key to a room. Suppose that the key can only be used to open the lock of the room, but no other method can. At this time, a can choose to give the key to B, and B can use the key to open the lock of the room, so as to prove that a has the correct key of the room
or a opens the room with the key, takes an object out of the room and shows it to B. B knows that the object is only in the room. The principle of method two is zero knowledge proof
zero knowledge proof can prove that I know the secret without disclosing the information itself, and can effectively solve many verification problems.
zero knowledge proof is a technology that the verifier can make the verifier believe a certain conclusion is true and credible without providing the verifier with the information itself. At present, the anonymous transaction of zcash, a digital asset with outstanding anonymity, is realized by "zero knowledge proof"
for example, a has to prove to B that he has the key to a room. Suppose that the key can only be used to open the lock of the room, but no other method can. At this time, a can choose to give the key to B, and B can use the key to open the lock of the room, so as to prove that a has the correct key of the room
or a opens the room with the key, takes an object out of the room and shows it to B. B knows that the object is only in the room. The principle of method two is zero knowledge proof
zero knowledge proof can prove that I know the secret without disclosing the information itself, and can effectively solve many verification problems.
4. Not necessarily. Quantum can attack bitcoin wallets in the hands of powerful institutions. Because of its computing power, the second miner can do it in theory, but there is no example in practice. Look at their mood
5. < UL > in the current situation, quantum computers can't help with bitcoin mining. turning to quantum computers will not affect the mining speed, because with the soaring price, the difficulty of mining will increase. indeed, The introction of quantum algorithm will put the traditional cryptocurrency system at risk < / UL >
at present, we do not have such quantum algorithm, but what should we do if we find it in the future? As we all know, bitcoin aims to identify the speed of mining, and also increases the difficulty of mining. It means that the difficulty of finding the algorithm will become more complex
in fact, it is impossible to mine with ordinary computers, so miners use ASIC chips to dig bitcoin. At present, there are two kinds of cryptocurrency, RSA and elliptic curve cryptocurrency. In fact, these two cryptocurrency methods are vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. According to Anastasia, we only need 2500 cubits to interrupt algoant, interrupt EC, and about 4000 cubits to interrupt RSA
Hackers can identify bitcoin wallet addressesin the current situation, hard forking is impossible because many users have lost their wallet addresses and coins. Now, the worry is that quantum computers can easily help track lost wallets, and hackers can use them to decrypt and retrieve such lost coins
However, the main focus is the research of quantum computer. The entry of such computer system will make the cryptocurrency system face risks. The system could be the destroyer of bitcoin6. Abstract: in a small laboratory in a secluded village 50 miles north of New York City, intricate pipelines and electronic equipment are wound under the ceiling. This seemingly haphazard pile of devices is a computer. It is different from any computer in the world, but it is a milestone device in the history --- quantum computer
on May 3, 2017, a big news in science and technology circles: the world's first optical quantum computer surpassing the early classical computer was born. This "world's first" is a genuine "made in China" and is the result of a breakthrough made by Professor Pan Jianwei and his colleagues of the University of science and technology of China and Professor Wang Haohua of Zhejiang University
if the speed of traditional computer is bicycle, the speed of quantum computer is just like airplane. In the past few months, IBM and Intel have announced that they have built 50 and 49 qubit quantum computers, respectively. Some experts point out that within ten years, the computing power of quantum computer may catch up with and surpass the current supercomputer
at the American Physics Annual Meeting held in Los Angeles on March 5, 2018, Julian Kelly, a research scientist at Google quantum AI laboratory, reported that he was leading the Google team to test a 72 qubit universal quantum computer. However, this is only 72 qubits. At this rate of development, the magic power of quantum computer will soon be terrifying
then, why do we say that quantum computers can easily crack bitcoin? What's the matter
it takes 600000 years to crack an RSA cryptosystem, but it takes less than three hours to use a quantum computer with considerable storage function! In other words, with the leap from electronic computer to quantum computer, the computing power and the ability to process big data of the whole mankind will be improved for tens of thousands or even hundreds of millions of times. In front of the quantum computer, the traditional electronic computer we used to be proud of is equivalent to the previous abacus, which is bulky and old
although the bitcoin protocol uses asymmetric cryptocurrency, the corresponding public key is used to verify the transactions signed by the private key to ensure that bitcoin can only be used by legitimate owners. It is not feasible to force the private key to be consistent with the public key by using the currently available computer, but quantum computer can solve the problem of asymmetric cryptocurrency
in addition, the rule of bitcoin is that the more processed block will be added to the blockchain, and the other block will be voided. For example, it's like 51 people in an account book say that you have saved 100 yuan in the bank, while 49 people say that you have saved 50 yuan. In this case, the minority of blockchain algorithm is subordinate to the majority, and the bank thinks that you have saved 100 yuan is true, and that you have saved 50 yuan is false. So once a miner has 51% of the computing power, other subsequent miners will not be able to continue to get bitcoin
Andersen Cheng, co-founder of a network security company in the UK, says bitcoin will come to an end the day quantum computers come into use. What's your opinion?
on May 3, 2017, a big news in science and technology circles: the world's first optical quantum computer surpassing the early classical computer was born. This "world's first" is a genuine "made in China" and is the result of a breakthrough made by Professor Pan Jianwei and his colleagues of the University of science and technology of China and Professor Wang Haohua of Zhejiang University
if the speed of traditional computer is bicycle, the speed of quantum computer is just like airplane. In the past few months, IBM and Intel have announced that they have built 50 and 49 qubit quantum computers, respectively. Some experts point out that within ten years, the computing power of quantum computer may catch up with and surpass the current supercomputer
at the American Physics Annual Meeting held in Los Angeles on March 5, 2018, Julian Kelly, a research scientist at Google quantum AI laboratory, reported that he was leading the Google team to test a 72 qubit universal quantum computer. However, this is only 72 qubits. At this rate of development, the magic power of quantum computer will soon be terrifying
then, why do we say that quantum computers can easily crack bitcoin? What's the matter
it takes 600000 years to crack an RSA cryptosystem, but it takes less than three hours to use a quantum computer with considerable storage function! In other words, with the leap from electronic computer to quantum computer, the computing power and the ability to process big data of the whole mankind will be improved for tens of thousands or even hundreds of millions of times. In front of the quantum computer, the traditional electronic computer we used to be proud of is equivalent to the previous abacus, which is bulky and old
although the bitcoin protocol uses asymmetric cryptocurrency, the corresponding public key is used to verify the transactions signed by the private key to ensure that bitcoin can only be used by legitimate owners. It is not feasible to force the private key to be consistent with the public key by using the currently available computer, but quantum computer can solve the problem of asymmetric cryptocurrency
in addition, the rule of bitcoin is that the more processed block will be added to the blockchain, and the other block will be voided. For example, it's like 51 people in an account book say that you have saved 100 yuan in the bank, while 49 people say that you have saved 50 yuan. In this case, the minority of blockchain algorithm is subordinate to the majority, and the bank thinks that you have saved 100 yuan is true, and that you have saved 50 yuan is false. So once a miner has 51% of the computing power, other subsequent miners will not be able to continue to get bitcoin
Andersen Cheng, co-founder of a network security company in the UK, says bitcoin will come to an end the day quantum computers come into use. What's your opinion?
7. In fact, the threat of quantum computers to bitcoin is not mining, but trading attacks. We know that the transaction of bitcoin is completed by decentralized cryptography authentication, and the core of this authentication method is hash algorithm. If there is a quantum computer, it can create collisions (Grover algorithm, polynomial acceleration) to forge transactions for profit. Because the core algorithm of bitcoin has been fixed, if the algorithm is not changed, the key length cannot be increased, and this attack cannot be resisted. However, if there is a practical quantum computer, what can we do is better than this kind of attack...
please accept
please accept
8. Yes, this is true of most systems that rely on cryptography, including traditional banking systems. But quantum computers don't exist, and maybe not in the near future. When quantum computing is really about to become a threat of bitcoin, we can use the post quantum algorithm to update the bitcoin protocol. Based on the importance of this update, it is reasonable to believe that developers will review it repeatedly and finally accept it for all bitcoin users
9. In short, the computing power of quantum computer is too strong. It can even be said that in the future, there may be a quantum computer with more computing power than all ordinary computers in the world, and then such powerful computing power can realize tasks that could not be completed before, such as cracking the bitcoin wallet by exhaustive inverse operation, That is to say, the bitcoin you bought with a lot of money will be easily stolen. Do you think it will collapse?
10. Recently, there's news from Google, and we've found a quantum mechanics expert to verify it. At present, the so-called quantum computer hasn't reached the effect publicized by the media, so it will take some time for the technology of quantum computer to mature. Let's wait a few years
Hot content