Can computer experts do bitcoin
Publish: 2021-05-04 22:50:25
1.
at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements
in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million. In other words, the difficulty of digging bitcoin is increasing, while the time required is increasing
2.
You can't dig in a day. It takes 2000 years
the global unified computing difficulty of bitcoin is 2621404453 (expected to change in two days). It takes more than 2000 years for a 2.5GHz CPU to work out a bitcoin
in order to make the graphics card fully loaded for a long time, the power consumption will be quite high, and the electricity bill will be higher and higher. Many professional mines at home and abroad are operated in areas with extremely low electricity charges, such as hydropower stations, while more users can only mine at home or in ordinary mines, so the electricity charges are not cheap. Even in a certain residential area in Yunnan, there was a case of crazy mining, which led to a large area trip of the residential area, and the transformer was burned
extended data:
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system
bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network can get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer
when bitcoin was born in 2009, block rewards were 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the block reward will be halved to 25
when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, i.e. 50% of 1050), the block reward will be further halved to 12.5. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million
3. I tell you, the computing power of home PC is too low. According to the difficulty of more than 900 million computing and programming, the computing power of a home PC is generally between 100 m and 600 m. if you dig, the money you earn in a month is not even one tenth of the electricity bill, so you need a mining machine. Now on the market, the machine specially optimized for the calculation algorithm of the generation of bitcoin is the miner. A miner can process 600ghash data operations per second. Without interruption, it can generate a bitcoin in about 10 days, which requires high computer configuration
it's not impossible that you can dig 100 in a day. To be exact, it doesn't take a day. It only takes less than a few seconds to win. The premise is that you can win "Tianhe No.2" which ranks first in the world.
it's not impossible that you can dig 100 in a day. To be exact, it doesn't take a day. It only takes less than a few seconds to win. The premise is that you can win "Tianhe No.2" which ranks first in the world.
4. First of all, let's talk about the background. The basic principle of bitcoin "account" is key public key address. You can roughly understand it as "key box box number". Now is to start from the box number or box to crack the key
there are basically two kinds of attacks, one is dictionary attack, the other is brute force attack
dictionary attack is to use common passwords and their simple variants as keys one by one. As long as your pass phrase is not hard enough, the possibility of successful attack is very high. So if you want to use this, you need to popularize the knowledge of cryptography first, and don't think it's very safe to add a long password
if you don't use the wallet generated by pass phrase, you can only crack it violently, which is equivalent to enumerating all the possible keys. At present, this is impossible, even if the electronic computer is becoming more and more powerful. However, quantum computer can do it theoretically, but don't worry too much. If such a powerful quantum computer comes out, it will not only endanger bitcoin
at the same time, bitcoin has a second layer of protection: if an address only accepts bitcoin but does not output it, its public key is confidential, that is to say, no one else can see the box, only the box number. At present, the process of decing the box from the box number can't even be done by quantum computer. In other words, if there is a quantum computer, bitcoin has a last line of Defense: it's temporarily safe to transfer your money to a new address
finally, some time ago, the wallet generated by the Android client was attacked because of a bug in the underlying random number generator. In fact, this function is not random securerandom, which Google quickly admitted and fixed. It's hard to say whether this kind of thing will happen again, but I don't think we need to worry too much.
there are basically two kinds of attacks, one is dictionary attack, the other is brute force attack
dictionary attack is to use common passwords and their simple variants as keys one by one. As long as your pass phrase is not hard enough, the possibility of successful attack is very high. So if you want to use this, you need to popularize the knowledge of cryptography first, and don't think it's very safe to add a long password
if you don't use the wallet generated by pass phrase, you can only crack it violently, which is equivalent to enumerating all the possible keys. At present, this is impossible, even if the electronic computer is becoming more and more powerful. However, quantum computer can do it theoretically, but don't worry too much. If such a powerful quantum computer comes out, it will not only endanger bitcoin
at the same time, bitcoin has a second layer of protection: if an address only accepts bitcoin but does not output it, its public key is confidential, that is to say, no one else can see the box, only the box number. At present, the process of decing the box from the box number can't even be done by quantum computer. In other words, if there is a quantum computer, bitcoin has a last line of Defense: it's temporarily safe to transfer your money to a new address
finally, some time ago, the wallet generated by the Android client was attacked because of a bug in the underlying random number generator. In fact, this function is not random securerandom, which Google quickly admitted and fixed. It's hard to say whether this kind of thing will happen again, but I don't think we need to worry too much.
5. This begins with a hermit named "Nakamoto Tsung"
on November 1, 2008, the hermit named "Nakamoto Tsung" watched the sky at night. Seeing that the time was ripe, he announced his new idea of issuing an electronic currency called "bitcoin" on a secret cryptography forum
then, in 2009, bitcoin was born
for a while, there were rumors all over the world:
"what is bitcoin?"
"what's the magic power of bitcoin?"
"can it compare with traditional currency?"
it's just a hermit's "masterpiece left behind". Why did it make such a big stir in the world<
it turns out that this bitcoin has risked the world's great injustice, escaped the high-ranking government control, and set up a "small autonomy" on its own:
bitcoin no longer needs to be issued by a specific institution, but is generated through a set of "institutions" designed by Nakamoto Tsung, which is based on a specific algorithm and through a large number of calculations. Regardless of the world, as long as you have a computer, access system, and operate the "organ", you can become a "coin digger"
a thousand waves were aroused for a while, and an undercurrent was set off in the river and Lake: men, women, old and young were yearning to invest in the "money digging fever"<
like this
}
or like this
}
but since ancient times, unique martial arts skills have come out, and most of the onlookers will see through them, but fengmaolingjiao is the one who really understands the mystery
in the same way, this "coin digger" who creates miracles is not something ordinary people can do at will. Even if everyone has a computer and computing tools, it depends on talent and hard work to generate a new bitcoin
if every "digger" wants to dig bitcoin, he has to go into many "mechanisms" of Nakamoto Tsung and use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem through huge calculation. This is far from enough. Whether we can understand the secret is not only related to the ability of the "coin digger", because the "mechanism" will automatically adjust the difficulty of the questions, so that the whole system will get a qualified answer every 10 minutes, while the vast army of "coin diggers" are crazy computing. Who can understand the secret depends on the nature
it's like buying lottery tickets. Everyone is crazy to generate various combinations of numbers with computing tools in hand. Whoever can guess the same string as the big prize will be the winner
in the end, the lucky person who was lucky enough to get a specific solution successfully created a bitcoin, and the reward for him was a total of 50 bitcoins
at this time, someone will ask, is bitcoin hard to get out of the endless mining
this is the true wisdom of Nakamoto's seclusion
like all kinds of gold, silver, iron and copper veins, bitcoin will be g out one day. A total of 21 million mathematical problems have been designed in the "mechanism" and 21 million corresponding qualified answers have been matched. In other words, the upper limit of bitcoin mining is controlled at 21 million
Where is the mystery
we know that the reason why the government calls the wind and the rain is precisely because it has the power to issue currency. Increasing and recing issuance are "fierce moves" to regulate the economy
and Nakamoto's restriction on the total amount of bitcoin has cut off the way for bitcoin market to be regulated, which is obviously the opposite
which is better? There are two schools in the world:
"supporters" think that eliminating intervention is a sign of social progress
the "losers" feel that fixed aggregate may lead to deflation, which in turn will lead to a series of market weakness and "bone breaking" of the overall economy
the merits and demerits will be left to future generations
since there is a reward for digging coins and the total amount is limited, isn't the mine going to be g through in just a few days
How could the "mechanism" that he had painstakingly researched be easily manipulated by the world<
Nakamoto has two rules under the "agency" neutrality:
first, the more bitcoin, the less reward
- when the total amount reaches 10.5 million hours (50% of 21 million), the reward will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5. And so on
secondly, the more the total number of "coin diggers", the lower the efficiency
in this way, bitcoin will be proced more slowly in the later stage. According to the plan, from the birth of bitcoin in 2009, mining will last more than 100 years, and it will not reach the upper limit until 2140
today, the total amount of bitcoin mined out in the world is just over 16 million
all of the above are just a set of "mechanisms" carefully arranged by master Nakamoto. There is another set of "mechanisms" with such precision
bitcoin is a rare thing in the world, so how to trade it? How to manage
after living in seclusion for many years, Nakamoto studied cryptography, a unique security process for bitcoin circulation
the transaction behind bitcoin is very complicated. Bitcoin can generate bitcoin addresses randomly, and each address has a corresponding private key, which is equivalent to the bank card number and the corresponding password. Only when you have both can you manage your money
but is the complexity of this address comparable to that of ordinary bank cards
how confidential is the bitcoin address
each address is made up of a string of letters and numbers about 33 bits long, always starting with 1 or 3
how many such random addresses are there? The answer is: probably more than the sand on earth
it's not easy to break such a complex "secret protection system"
in this way, with the second "organ" blessing of Nakamoto Tsung, bitcoin circulation has more security than ordinary currency
it's no wonder that with the advent of bitcoin, the currency world is shaking, and a new fight is in the dark
bitcoin, like countless secret lone Rangers, grows savagely under the authority of the government. According to the legend, bitcoin is free (decentralized, tax-free, regulatory free), strong (relying on P2P network, external can not be closed), omnipresent (cross-border, borderless), and anonymous
you can understand, "freedom", "coming and going without name" and "omnipresent", which means that bitcoin can not only be tracked and supervised by the government, but also grow wildly in the world. It's a great way for hackers to blackmail
moreover, since last year, bitcoin has been rising wildly, and hackers all over the Internet know this information well
there is no doubt that bitcoin is a safe and profitable way to blackmail
like this
@
or like this< But all the martial arts in the world are strong. Bitcoin also has weaknesses
there are three pithy formulas:
first, bitcoin network is not broken, and trading platform is fragile
Second, the "black market" trading, speculation rampant, price roller coaster day by day
thirdly, it is difficult for ordinary people to understand the secrets of nature because of their profound martial arts
in particular, the third point is that although the Kung Fu is good, the threshold is too high, which is lamentable
then, if you look at China today, where is bitcoin going
to be fair, in the eyes of the mother of the central bank, it is not too much to say that bitcoin is a barbaric growth: in the past year, with the devaluation of RMB, bitcoin has once again become the target of investors' speculation, and its value has increased by 120%
smart passers-by have already seen through everything
@
coupled with the emerging bitcoin virus, it seems that it is time for bitcoin to be subject to a wave of regulation.
on November 1, 2008, the hermit named "Nakamoto Tsung" watched the sky at night. Seeing that the time was ripe, he announced his new idea of issuing an electronic currency called "bitcoin" on a secret cryptography forum
then, in 2009, bitcoin was born
for a while, there were rumors all over the world:
"what is bitcoin?"
"what's the magic power of bitcoin?"
"can it compare with traditional currency?"
it's just a hermit's "masterpiece left behind". Why did it make such a big stir in the world<
it turns out that this bitcoin has risked the world's great injustice, escaped the high-ranking government control, and set up a "small autonomy" on its own:
bitcoin no longer needs to be issued by a specific institution, but is generated through a set of "institutions" designed by Nakamoto Tsung, which is based on a specific algorithm and through a large number of calculations. Regardless of the world, as long as you have a computer, access system, and operate the "organ", you can become a "coin digger"
a thousand waves were aroused for a while, and an undercurrent was set off in the river and Lake: men, women, old and young were yearning to invest in the "money digging fever"<
like this
}
or like this
}
but since ancient times, unique martial arts skills have come out, and most of the onlookers will see through them, but fengmaolingjiao is the one who really understands the mystery
in the same way, this "coin digger" who creates miracles is not something ordinary people can do at will. Even if everyone has a computer and computing tools, it depends on talent and hard work to generate a new bitcoin
if every "digger" wants to dig bitcoin, he has to go into many "mechanisms" of Nakamoto Tsung and use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem through huge calculation. This is far from enough. Whether we can understand the secret is not only related to the ability of the "coin digger", because the "mechanism" will automatically adjust the difficulty of the questions, so that the whole system will get a qualified answer every 10 minutes, while the vast army of "coin diggers" are crazy computing. Who can understand the secret depends on the nature
it's like buying lottery tickets. Everyone is crazy to generate various combinations of numbers with computing tools in hand. Whoever can guess the same string as the big prize will be the winner
in the end, the lucky person who was lucky enough to get a specific solution successfully created a bitcoin, and the reward for him was a total of 50 bitcoins
at this time, someone will ask, is bitcoin hard to get out of the endless mining
this is the true wisdom of Nakamoto's seclusion
like all kinds of gold, silver, iron and copper veins, bitcoin will be g out one day. A total of 21 million mathematical problems have been designed in the "mechanism" and 21 million corresponding qualified answers have been matched. In other words, the upper limit of bitcoin mining is controlled at 21 million
Where is the mystery
we know that the reason why the government calls the wind and the rain is precisely because it has the power to issue currency. Increasing and recing issuance are "fierce moves" to regulate the economy
and Nakamoto's restriction on the total amount of bitcoin has cut off the way for bitcoin market to be regulated, which is obviously the opposite
which is better? There are two schools in the world:
"supporters" think that eliminating intervention is a sign of social progress
the "losers" feel that fixed aggregate may lead to deflation, which in turn will lead to a series of market weakness and "bone breaking" of the overall economy
the merits and demerits will be left to future generations
since there is a reward for digging coins and the total amount is limited, isn't the mine going to be g through in just a few days
How could the "mechanism" that he had painstakingly researched be easily manipulated by the world<
Nakamoto has two rules under the "agency" neutrality:
first, the more bitcoin, the less reward
- when the total amount reaches 10.5 million hours (50% of 21 million), the reward will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5. And so on
secondly, the more the total number of "coin diggers", the lower the efficiency
in this way, bitcoin will be proced more slowly in the later stage. According to the plan, from the birth of bitcoin in 2009, mining will last more than 100 years, and it will not reach the upper limit until 2140
today, the total amount of bitcoin mined out in the world is just over 16 million
all of the above are just a set of "mechanisms" carefully arranged by master Nakamoto. There is another set of "mechanisms" with such precision
bitcoin is a rare thing in the world, so how to trade it? How to manage
after living in seclusion for many years, Nakamoto studied cryptography, a unique security process for bitcoin circulation
the transaction behind bitcoin is very complicated. Bitcoin can generate bitcoin addresses randomly, and each address has a corresponding private key, which is equivalent to the bank card number and the corresponding password. Only when you have both can you manage your money
but is the complexity of this address comparable to that of ordinary bank cards
how confidential is the bitcoin address
each address is made up of a string of letters and numbers about 33 bits long, always starting with 1 or 3
how many such random addresses are there? The answer is: probably more than the sand on earth
it's not easy to break such a complex "secret protection system"
in this way, with the second "organ" blessing of Nakamoto Tsung, bitcoin circulation has more security than ordinary currency
it's no wonder that with the advent of bitcoin, the currency world is shaking, and a new fight is in the dark
bitcoin, like countless secret lone Rangers, grows savagely under the authority of the government. According to the legend, bitcoin is free (decentralized, tax-free, regulatory free), strong (relying on P2P network, external can not be closed), omnipresent (cross-border, borderless), and anonymous
you can understand, "freedom", "coming and going without name" and "omnipresent", which means that bitcoin can not only be tracked and supervised by the government, but also grow wildly in the world. It's a great way for hackers to blackmail
moreover, since last year, bitcoin has been rising wildly, and hackers all over the Internet know this information well
there is no doubt that bitcoin is a safe and profitable way to blackmail
like this
@
or like this< But all the martial arts in the world are strong. Bitcoin also has weaknesses
there are three pithy formulas:
first, bitcoin network is not broken, and trading platform is fragile
Second, the "black market" trading, speculation rampant, price roller coaster day by day
thirdly, it is difficult for ordinary people to understand the secrets of nature because of their profound martial arts
in particular, the third point is that although the Kung Fu is good, the threshold is too high, which is lamentable
then, if you look at China today, where is bitcoin going
to be fair, in the eyes of the mother of the central bank, it is not too much to say that bitcoin is a barbaric growth: in the past year, with the devaluation of RMB, bitcoin has once again become the target of investors' speculation, and its value has increased by 120%
smart passers-by have already seen through everything
@
coupled with the emerging bitcoin virus, it seems that it is time for bitcoin to be subject to a wave of regulation.
6. I'll answer your question in several parts
1) bitcoin trading is not to buy the computing power of other people's computers. It's just like stock trading, buying bitcoin through RMB. Now bitcoin trading is also an investment. Let other people's computers serve you, that is, when others choose to mine, when you are a miner, you need a third party to confirm and record bitcoin transactions. This is the miner's confirmation of your transaction by running the bitcoin algorithm. Then help you record the transaction in the data block and keep it in the P2P network
2) bitcoin itself has no value, just like RMB. But its value comes from the mathematical framework, P2P network characteristics and people's confidence in bitcoin, which represents the future direction of financial development. So you have value
the total number of bitcoin is 21 million, which avoids inflation. People believe that bitcoin will appreciate in the future, so they rush to buy it.
1) bitcoin trading is not to buy the computing power of other people's computers. It's just like stock trading, buying bitcoin through RMB. Now bitcoin trading is also an investment. Let other people's computers serve you, that is, when others choose to mine, when you are a miner, you need a third party to confirm and record bitcoin transactions. This is the miner's confirmation of your transaction by running the bitcoin algorithm. Then help you record the transaction in the data block and keep it in the P2P network
2) bitcoin itself has no value, just like RMB. But its value comes from the mathematical framework, P2P network characteristics and people's confidence in bitcoin, which represents the future direction of financial development. So you have value
the total number of bitcoin is 21 million, which avoids inflation. People believe that bitcoin will appreciate in the future, so they rush to buy it.
7. Now it's no need to dig. Bitcoin is shut down
you are not well informed.
you are not well informed.
8. The overall principle is that the stronger the computing power is, the larger the proportion of bitcoin can be allocated. However, the speed of bitcoin generation is graally decreasing
technically speaking, it is completely feasible, because the algorithm is not complex and can be transplanted to the mainframe with a little modification. If it can be optimized for parallel computing, it will be more efficient
but in terms of cost, supercomputers are not cheap to use. Only a medium-sized and large-scale computer consumes tens of thousands of power every day, not counting the loss of the whole machine. As for supercomputers like Tianhe-1 and tianhe-2, the research and development costs and rental costs are still relatively high. Whether the excavated bitcoin can recover the cost still needs to be carefully considered.
technically speaking, it is completely feasible, because the algorithm is not complex and can be transplanted to the mainframe with a little modification. If it can be optimized for parallel computing, it will be more efficient
but in terms of cost, supercomputers are not cheap to use. Only a medium-sized and large-scale computer consumes tens of thousands of power every day, not counting the loss of the whole machine. As for supercomputers like Tianhe-1 and tianhe-2, the research and development costs and rental costs are still relatively high. Whether the excavated bitcoin can recover the cost still needs to be carefully considered.
9. January 13) is a milestone for cryptocurrency. 16.8 million bitcoins, or 80% of the total bitcoin supply, have now been mined. This means that the mining of bitcoin miners has become more and more difficult. What's more, governments of many countries have taken the opportunity to strengthen the crackdown on bitcoin "mines"
the total number of bitcoins is 21 million. As of January 13, 2018, 16.8 million bitcoins have been mined in the world, with 20% left, that is, 4.2 million bitcoins are waiting for everyone to excavate, facing the situation of "more than enough"
in November 2012, the new issue speed of bitcoin was reced to 25 bitcoins per block
bitcoin mining relies on the use of computer chips to calculate specific encryption algorithms. With the increasing scarcity of remaining bitcoin resources, the mining cost of a single bitcoin is also increasing. As long as the function of supercomputer is completely based on a specific encryption mathematical algorithm. Changes in bitcoin are soon over. And the time is very short.
the total number of bitcoins is 21 million. As of January 13, 2018, 16.8 million bitcoins have been mined in the world, with 20% left, that is, 4.2 million bitcoins are waiting for everyone to excavate, facing the situation of "more than enough"
in November 2012, the new issue speed of bitcoin was reced to 25 bitcoins per block
bitcoin mining relies on the use of computer chips to calculate specific encryption algorithms. With the increasing scarcity of remaining bitcoin resources, the mining cost of a single bitcoin is also increasing. As long as the function of supercomputer is completely based on a specific encryption mathematical algorithm. Changes in bitcoin are soon over. And the time is very short.
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