Bitcoin potential
Publish: 2021-05-05 08:01:03
1. If there is bitcoin in it, then I think the most effective investment prospect is bitcoin, because we know that bitcoin has strong fortune in our life, and then it makes people feel particularly comfortable and great, so at this time, we still need to pay attention to it
2.
I think some people might give up. But on the whole, I won't give up. How far can bitcoin go? It's hard to say. There are too many unknowns. You have invested in so many costs. Although you can stop losses in time if you give up now, some small investors may give up, but it is impossible for large investors. Because stop loss can't stop that much. In addition, although bitcoin has plummeted, the confidence of the masses in it has not completely collapsed. After all, bitcoin was very brilliant at that time. After the crash, many people believe it will rebound{ RRRRR}
I feel that bitcoin has a long way to go. The future market is full of uncertainty. How can bitcoin survive and go further. We need to think it over
3. It's divided into price and value
1: value is the so-called currency born from the early decentralized blockchain Technology (in fact, the capital owns the centralized computing power, and the capital owns the centralized currency quantity, which may not be ideal here). At that time, people had certain expectations and beliefs. The decentralized low trust cost world chase was a good future imagination, which made most people recognize its value (of course, it also caused negative use value, which could not be controlled and regulated by the government, and provided a lot of extra convenience)
of course, some attributes of digital currency can be used for reference, Now countries are also in the trend of legal digital currency. Due to certain technical reasons, BTC may eventually disappear, or it is difficult to achieve the vision of believers. If there is no better change of technology, the limitation of technology will be phased out with the current development of science and technology
2: of course, the price is basically determined by market transactions. BTC is used by a lot of capital, and more value may be used as financial value Another common perception of price is that the quantity is limited and the output is getting slower and slower. With the increase of the use area, the scarcity increases the price, and the story of halving the price is also a good help for capitalists)
because it is a minority, there is no regulation, so the power of capital has a great impact on the price. The good effect of getting rich can attract more and more people to come into the market. The exchanges of various capital institutions have solved the problems of business instry, gained some additional operating income, and created instries (such as basic financial derivatives and more)
including this year's events, with the epidemic situation and the situation in the United States, new financial derivatives are manufactured by joint institutions. In the secondary market, a new circular wealth story is born. This mode is still relatively solid, with stable prices and rising prices. Of course, the final digester is the ordinary people
at the same time, the characteristics of BTC also lead to a part of human allocation of hedging assets
and so on, the price of BTC is proced under the game
personal final conclusion (for reference only): bitcoin is more of a kind of financial value, its use value is still limited at present, and it is also very difficult to promote in the future. If the technology does not evolve, it will still be small. Of course, the game of the world government is also a certain resistance
the current price is based on the financial game of institutions, and it is stable to a certain extent. The premise is that if there is no new large number of people participating in the game, the current rising trend will slow down, and the gray scale and institutions are also expanding the playing methods of other digital currencies (after all, the number of BTCs targeted by GBTC has accounted for more of the total BTCs - physical contribution plus less cash contribution), But there may still be a rise, but when it will be the top depends on the results of various games (I think there are several points: 1. How long can the game between the trading frequency and holding amount of BTC or other currencies in the primary market last, and when people's purchase and consumption will reach a limit. It can't be bought and sold all the time, there is a limit when what the 2. gradation and what the BTC of the GBTC corresponds to is the two level market digestion of the market, when it will be indigestion is also a game... Etc.)
BTC has bubble, and the financial game of capital is full of bubbles. Of course, this is the opportunity to get rich easily.
but the risk is very high, which is not suitable for the public. It can only be said that it depends on fortune and opportunity
BTC has big moves with every financial trend game
investment should be cautious.
1: value is the so-called currency born from the early decentralized blockchain Technology (in fact, the capital owns the centralized computing power, and the capital owns the centralized currency quantity, which may not be ideal here). At that time, people had certain expectations and beliefs. The decentralized low trust cost world chase was a good future imagination, which made most people recognize its value (of course, it also caused negative use value, which could not be controlled and regulated by the government, and provided a lot of extra convenience)
of course, some attributes of digital currency can be used for reference, Now countries are also in the trend of legal digital currency. Due to certain technical reasons, BTC may eventually disappear, or it is difficult to achieve the vision of believers. If there is no better change of technology, the limitation of technology will be phased out with the current development of science and technology
2: of course, the price is basically determined by market transactions. BTC is used by a lot of capital, and more value may be used as financial value Another common perception of price is that the quantity is limited and the output is getting slower and slower. With the increase of the use area, the scarcity increases the price, and the story of halving the price is also a good help for capitalists)
because it is a minority, there is no regulation, so the power of capital has a great impact on the price. The good effect of getting rich can attract more and more people to come into the market. The exchanges of various capital institutions have solved the problems of business instry, gained some additional operating income, and created instries (such as basic financial derivatives and more)
including this year's events, with the epidemic situation and the situation in the United States, new financial derivatives are manufactured by joint institutions. In the secondary market, a new circular wealth story is born. This mode is still relatively solid, with stable prices and rising prices. Of course, the final digester is the ordinary people
at the same time, the characteristics of BTC also lead to a part of human allocation of hedging assets
and so on, the price of BTC is proced under the game
personal final conclusion (for reference only): bitcoin is more of a kind of financial value, its use value is still limited at present, and it is also very difficult to promote in the future. If the technology does not evolve, it will still be small. Of course, the game of the world government is also a certain resistance
the current price is based on the financial game of institutions, and it is stable to a certain extent. The premise is that if there is no new large number of people participating in the game, the current rising trend will slow down, and the gray scale and institutions are also expanding the playing methods of other digital currencies (after all, the number of BTCs targeted by GBTC has accounted for more of the total BTCs - physical contribution plus less cash contribution), But there may still be a rise, but when it will be the top depends on the results of various games (I think there are several points: 1. How long can the game between the trading frequency and holding amount of BTC or other currencies in the primary market last, and when people's purchase and consumption will reach a limit. It can't be bought and sold all the time, there is a limit when what the 2. gradation and what the BTC of the GBTC corresponds to is the two level market digestion of the market, when it will be indigestion is also a game... Etc.)
BTC has bubble, and the financial game of capital is full of bubbles. Of course, this is the opportunity to get rich easily.
but the risk is very high, which is not suitable for the public. It can only be said that it depends on fortune and opportunity
BTC has big moves with every financial trend game
investment should be cautious.
4. Technical means
the reason for the birth of bitcoin is that human beings themselves are not trustworthy and need to be restricted by cold proceres. The same logic holds in the field of exchanges. People's bitcoin in the bitcoin exchange, wallet or bank is just a debt note, and they need to believe that the platform can repay its debts. At present, this instry is in its early stage. It is very difficult to hope to have a long-term vision with the participants of the instry, and financial self-discipline. In the case of Mt. GOx, only one person has the authority to manage bitcoin on the platform. Such a management mechanism is hard to avoid being attacked by hackers
What are the technical solutions? Bitcoin is a decentralized network. Many people try to build a decentralized exchange, but these attempts seem to have failed. Why is that? Because the exchange needs to deal with the legal currency system, which takes the bank as the central node. Mercury exchange is a decentralized trading platform, which supports bitcoin, Leyte and dogcoin. From here, we can see that based on bitcoin, decentralized exchanges and even market applications can be established
at present, multi signature may be a direction worth trying. Bitai wallet, greenaddress, bitgo and bitstamp exchange all adopt multi signature technology. The purpose of adopting multi signature technology is very simple, that is, the platform cannot run away technically. Bitcoin exchange may also be built on the basis of multi signature scheme, with a key for the buyer, a key for the seller and a key for the platform. In this way, the power of the platform to run away at any time is technically eliminated. Secondly, the code construction of the exchange itself is questionable. Bitcoin's code is open-source and transparent, and can be modified by everyone. At present, the code of bitcoin platform is almost closed, so there is a possibility of internal theft. Bitcoin companies can put more effort into the code, at least have records to follow in the prevention of insiders
mature financial service platforms have one thing in common, that is, the management of funds and accounts are separated, but this has made slow progress in the bitcoin world. The exchange is not only responsible for the user's transaction matching, but also responsible for the user's legal currency fund trusteeship, and also responsible for the user's bitcoin fund trusteeship. In this way, the whole platform is not only a referee, but also an athlete, which is a great risk to the user. Data show that in the months before the collapse of Mt. GOx, Mt. GOx platform naked sold hundreds of thousands of bitcoins. Obviously, this is the problem caused by unhealthy financial system
bitstamp exchange has taken the lead in financial audit, including legal currency and bitcoin. When the price of bitcoin fell all the way, China's three major trading platforms also completed bitcoin audit under the pressure of users, but independent third-party audit is not the best answer. With the rapid development of domestic Internet finance, the regulatory system has not kept up with it. Not only bitcoin exchange, but also most P2P online lending platforms have such problems, and the trend of running away has been constantly. Take Australia as an example, the accounts of financial service related companies, such as banks of foreign exchange trading platform, need to be managed by a third party, including the deposit and withdrawal of users, so as to realize the security of users' legal money
for bitcoin, multi signature with cold wallet should be a good enterprise management scheme. For example, the CEO of an enterprise has a key, the CFO of an enterprise has a key, and the law firm or the accounting firm has a key. In this way, the third-party trusteeship of bitcoin can be realized, and even more extreme, two third-party organizations each have a key, and the enterprise has a key, adopting a 2 / 3 signature scheme. In this way, the custody of bitcoin funds is realized, and enterprises can not do evil in terms of control
legal means
if there is no legal system, then the world will lose order, the cost of bad people doing evil is too low, then the good people will be forced into bad people. The same is true in the bitcoin world. We have seen one bitcoin exchange after another running away, but so far, few people have been punished for it. Mt. GOx's fapang is still at large. Although the GBL platform, which is the earliest mobile platform in China, has reported the case, the party concerned has already been acquitted. Because of the difficulties in obtaining evidence for cyber crimes, hackers have repeatedly become scapegoats. We need to admit that if there is no strong legal system, the free market system can not be maintained, then the management system needs to be updated at this time
in October last year, Alex green, CEO of moopay limited, announced a shocking news: moopay will file for bankruptcy protection and stop operation e to the theft of 3700 bitcoins from mintpal. According to the latest news, Ryan Kennedy and his companion, Chelsea Hopkins, have been arrested. If bitcoin enterprises want to have a more long-term development, a strict legal framework is very important. The definition of responsible person should be unlimited liability system, so as to ensure that the operators of trading platform are clear about their responsibilities and obligations
for economic crimes, presumption of guilt should be the first principle. In terms of bitcoin related legislation, the CEO of bitcoin stolen company should be investigated for unlimited responsibility. In case of bitcoin stolen incident, the CEO should firmly stay in prison. Once such a system is established, it is believed that the managers of every bitcoin enterprise will tread on thin ice every day and work hard to maintain the security of users' bitcoin. Of course, the security of bitcoin itself does not depend on the trading platform. We hope that every user will learn to be responsible for the security of bitcoin
to sum up, Rousseau envisions a primitive state in which everyone coexists peacefully, while Hobbes envisions a primitive state in which everyone opposes everyone. From the perspective of system design, Hobbes' hypothesis is obviously more reliable. We need to assume that everyone is a villain and a creature who wants to maximize their self-interest, so only perfect rules and regulations can limit the default, break the prisoner's dilemma, and finally achieve long-term cooperation between human beings. Bitcoin is in the throes of development, and the road to the mainstream financial system is not smooth. Fortunately, we have plenty of time- Bitcoin home
the reason for the birth of bitcoin is that human beings themselves are not trustworthy and need to be restricted by cold proceres. The same logic holds in the field of exchanges. People's bitcoin in the bitcoin exchange, wallet or bank is just a debt note, and they need to believe that the platform can repay its debts. At present, this instry is in its early stage. It is very difficult to hope to have a long-term vision with the participants of the instry, and financial self-discipline. In the case of Mt. GOx, only one person has the authority to manage bitcoin on the platform. Such a management mechanism is hard to avoid being attacked by hackers
What are the technical solutions? Bitcoin is a decentralized network. Many people try to build a decentralized exchange, but these attempts seem to have failed. Why is that? Because the exchange needs to deal with the legal currency system, which takes the bank as the central node. Mercury exchange is a decentralized trading platform, which supports bitcoin, Leyte and dogcoin. From here, we can see that based on bitcoin, decentralized exchanges and even market applications can be established
at present, multi signature may be a direction worth trying. Bitai wallet, greenaddress, bitgo and bitstamp exchange all adopt multi signature technology. The purpose of adopting multi signature technology is very simple, that is, the platform cannot run away technically. Bitcoin exchange may also be built on the basis of multi signature scheme, with a key for the buyer, a key for the seller and a key for the platform. In this way, the power of the platform to run away at any time is technically eliminated. Secondly, the code construction of the exchange itself is questionable. Bitcoin's code is open-source and transparent, and can be modified by everyone. At present, the code of bitcoin platform is almost closed, so there is a possibility of internal theft. Bitcoin companies can put more effort into the code, at least have records to follow in the prevention of insiders
mature financial service platforms have one thing in common, that is, the management of funds and accounts are separated, but this has made slow progress in the bitcoin world. The exchange is not only responsible for the user's transaction matching, but also responsible for the user's legal currency fund trusteeship, and also responsible for the user's bitcoin fund trusteeship. In this way, the whole platform is not only a referee, but also an athlete, which is a great risk to the user. Data show that in the months before the collapse of Mt. GOx, Mt. GOx platform naked sold hundreds of thousands of bitcoins. Obviously, this is the problem caused by unhealthy financial system
bitstamp exchange has taken the lead in financial audit, including legal currency and bitcoin. When the price of bitcoin fell all the way, China's three major trading platforms also completed bitcoin audit under the pressure of users, but independent third-party audit is not the best answer. With the rapid development of domestic Internet finance, the regulatory system has not kept up with it. Not only bitcoin exchange, but also most P2P online lending platforms have such problems, and the trend of running away has been constantly. Take Australia as an example, the accounts of financial service related companies, such as banks of foreign exchange trading platform, need to be managed by a third party, including the deposit and withdrawal of users, so as to realize the security of users' legal money
for bitcoin, multi signature with cold wallet should be a good enterprise management scheme. For example, the CEO of an enterprise has a key, the CFO of an enterprise has a key, and the law firm or the accounting firm has a key. In this way, the third-party trusteeship of bitcoin can be realized, and even more extreme, two third-party organizations each have a key, and the enterprise has a key, adopting a 2 / 3 signature scheme. In this way, the custody of bitcoin funds is realized, and enterprises can not do evil in terms of control
legal means
if there is no legal system, then the world will lose order, the cost of bad people doing evil is too low, then the good people will be forced into bad people. The same is true in the bitcoin world. We have seen one bitcoin exchange after another running away, but so far, few people have been punished for it. Mt. GOx's fapang is still at large. Although the GBL platform, which is the earliest mobile platform in China, has reported the case, the party concerned has already been acquitted. Because of the difficulties in obtaining evidence for cyber crimes, hackers have repeatedly become scapegoats. We need to admit that if there is no strong legal system, the free market system can not be maintained, then the management system needs to be updated at this time
in October last year, Alex green, CEO of moopay limited, announced a shocking news: moopay will file for bankruptcy protection and stop operation e to the theft of 3700 bitcoins from mintpal. According to the latest news, Ryan Kennedy and his companion, Chelsea Hopkins, have been arrested. If bitcoin enterprises want to have a more long-term development, a strict legal framework is very important. The definition of responsible person should be unlimited liability system, so as to ensure that the operators of trading platform are clear about their responsibilities and obligations
for economic crimes, presumption of guilt should be the first principle. In terms of bitcoin related legislation, the CEO of bitcoin stolen company should be investigated for unlimited responsibility. In case of bitcoin stolen incident, the CEO should firmly stay in prison. Once such a system is established, it is believed that the managers of every bitcoin enterprise will tread on thin ice every day and work hard to maintain the security of users' bitcoin. Of course, the security of bitcoin itself does not depend on the trading platform. We hope that every user will learn to be responsible for the security of bitcoin
to sum up, Rousseau envisions a primitive state in which everyone coexists peacefully, while Hobbes envisions a primitive state in which everyone opposes everyone. From the perspective of system design, Hobbes' hypothesis is obviously more reliable. We need to assume that everyone is a villain and a creature who wants to maximize their self-interest, so only perfect rules and regulations can limit the default, break the prisoner's dilemma, and finally achieve long-term cooperation between human beings. Bitcoin is in the throes of development, and the road to the mainstream financial system is not smooth. Fortunately, we have plenty of time- Bitcoin home
5. At present, there is no accurate definition of virtual currency in academic circles. Generally speaking, virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software. There are even many websites providing two-way exchange between virtual currency and RMB, which makes virtual currency become a circulating equivalent exchange unit. In this sense, virtual currency is similar to voucher. At present, the virtual currency in China mainly includes Q currency, bubble currency, u currency, network currency, cool currency, Warcraft currency, Paradise currency, Shanda counting, etc. The operator of virtual currency is the person who proces and circulates virtual currency.
6. BPS (bits per second) bits per second
BPS is the most basic unit of network speed in network transmission, and bit stream is often used in the era of dial-up Internet access. The fastest network speed is only tens of Kbps (1024bps), which often refers to the data stream transmitted in the network, that is to say, the network bit stream. Now, e to the acceleration of network speed, Mbps (1024kbps) is commonly used, and the network transmission is no longer called bit stream, It is called information superhighway
frame composition
in the network, computer communication transmits binary data composed of "0" and "1", which constitutes "frame", and frame is the smallest unit of network transmission. In the actual transmission, the pulse current is transmitted in the copper cable network; In optical fiber network and wireless network, the transmission is light and electromagnetic wave (of course, light is also a kind of electromagnetic wave)
for high-speed pulse current, we artificially use low-level pulse to represent "0" and high-level pulse to represent "1". These virtual "0" or "1" are "bits". In computer network, 8 bits constitute a "byte". Anyone who has studied computer knows that byte is the data storage unit of computer. Most beginners of network technology confuse "bit" with "byte". When it comes to 100Mbps Ethernet, they will think that it is a network that can transmit 100MB data per second. In fact, it is only 25mb (theoretical value)
if the pulse current is regarded as the track, then the frame is the train running on the track. Train has locomotive and tail car, frame also has a starting point, we call it "frame head", and frame also has a terminal point, we call it "frame tail". The part between the head and the tail of the frame is the data of the frame load (equivalent to the carriage between the head and the tail of the train)
frame transmission
in the network, the network device will "bit" into a byte, and then these bytes "encapsulated" into a frame, transmitted on the network. Why encapsulate data into frames? Because the user data is generally large, some of which can reach MB bytes, it is very difficult to send them all at once, so it is necessary to divide the data into many small parts, and then send them out in a certain order
the frame value of Ethernet is always floating in a certain range, the maximum frame value is 1518 bytes, and the minimum frame value is 64 bytes. In practical application, the frame size is automatically determined by the MTU (maximum transmission unit) of the device, that is, the maximum number of bytes that the device can transmit each time
frames are generated when the computer sends data. Specifically, they are generated by the network card installed in the computer. A frame is meaningful only to the device that can recognize it. For the hub, the frame is meaningless, because it is a physical layer device and only knows the pulse current. Many people don't understand the frame, so they can't understand the difference between switch and hub
after reading all the above, maybe you still don't understand. In fact, binary is not something that network administrators need to deal with, but frame is what network administrators really need to pay attention to. Therefore, in the "network monitor" of Windows 2000, "frame" is the monitored object. But how do we actually monitor frames
what happened on the Internet
how the broadcast storm is formed
before using the network monitor, we need to understand how the broadcast storm is formed, and to understand the formation of the broadcast storm, we need to know the transmission mode of the frame, that is, unicast frame, multicast frame and broadcast frame
1. Unicast frame
unicast frame is also called "point-to-point" communication. At this time, the frame is only received and transmitted between the two nodes. The destination MAC address of the frame is the MAC address of the other node. The network equipment (switch and router) forwards the frame according to the destination MAC address in the frame
2. Multicast frame
multicast frame can be understood as a person talking to multiple people (but not everyone present), which can improve the efficiency of the call. Multicast accounts for a small proportion of the network, mainly used in network equipment internal communication, online video conference, online video on demand, etc
3. Broadcast frame
broadcast frame can be understood as a person talking to all the people present. The advantage of this is that the communication efficiency is high, and the information can be transmitted to all at once. In the broadcast frame, the destination MAC address in the frame header is "FF. FF. FF. FF. FF", which represents the MAC address of all host network cards on the network
broadcast frame is indispensable in the network. For example, the process of client automatically obtaining IP address through DHCP is realized through broadcast frame. Moreover, because devices also need to communicate with each other, a certain number of broadcast frames will appear in the network even if no user sends broadcast frames artificially
compared with unicast and multicast, broadcast occupies almost all the bandwidth of the network in the subnet. A large number of broadcast frames cannot appear in the network for a long time, otherwise the so-called "broadcast storm" will appear (the number of broadcast frames per second is more than 1000). Take a meeting as an example. Only one person can speak at the meeting. If everyone speaks at the same time, the meeting will be a mess. The broadcast storm is that the network is occupied by a large number of broadcast packets for a long time, which makes the normal point-to-point communication unable to work normally. The external performance is that the network speed is extremely slow. There are many reasons for broadcast storm. A faulty network card may send broadcast packets on the network for a long time, resulting in broadcast storm
router or layer 3 switch can be used to isolate broadcast storm between different subnets. When the router or layer 3 switch receives the broadcast frame, it will not process it, so that it can not be transmitted to other subnets, so as to achieve the purpose of isolating the broadcast storm. Therefore, in the large and medium-sized LAN composed of hundreds or even thousands of computers, in order to isolate the broadcast storm, it is necessary to divide the subnet.
BPS is the most basic unit of network speed in network transmission, and bit stream is often used in the era of dial-up Internet access. The fastest network speed is only tens of Kbps (1024bps), which often refers to the data stream transmitted in the network, that is to say, the network bit stream. Now, e to the acceleration of network speed, Mbps (1024kbps) is commonly used, and the network transmission is no longer called bit stream, It is called information superhighway
frame composition
in the network, computer communication transmits binary data composed of "0" and "1", which constitutes "frame", and frame is the smallest unit of network transmission. In the actual transmission, the pulse current is transmitted in the copper cable network; In optical fiber network and wireless network, the transmission is light and electromagnetic wave (of course, light is also a kind of electromagnetic wave)
for high-speed pulse current, we artificially use low-level pulse to represent "0" and high-level pulse to represent "1". These virtual "0" or "1" are "bits". In computer network, 8 bits constitute a "byte". Anyone who has studied computer knows that byte is the data storage unit of computer. Most beginners of network technology confuse "bit" with "byte". When it comes to 100Mbps Ethernet, they will think that it is a network that can transmit 100MB data per second. In fact, it is only 25mb (theoretical value)
if the pulse current is regarded as the track, then the frame is the train running on the track. Train has locomotive and tail car, frame also has a starting point, we call it "frame head", and frame also has a terminal point, we call it "frame tail". The part between the head and the tail of the frame is the data of the frame load (equivalent to the carriage between the head and the tail of the train)
frame transmission
in the network, the network device will "bit" into a byte, and then these bytes "encapsulated" into a frame, transmitted on the network. Why encapsulate data into frames? Because the user data is generally large, some of which can reach MB bytes, it is very difficult to send them all at once, so it is necessary to divide the data into many small parts, and then send them out in a certain order
the frame value of Ethernet is always floating in a certain range, the maximum frame value is 1518 bytes, and the minimum frame value is 64 bytes. In practical application, the frame size is automatically determined by the MTU (maximum transmission unit) of the device, that is, the maximum number of bytes that the device can transmit each time
frames are generated when the computer sends data. Specifically, they are generated by the network card installed in the computer. A frame is meaningful only to the device that can recognize it. For the hub, the frame is meaningless, because it is a physical layer device and only knows the pulse current. Many people don't understand the frame, so they can't understand the difference between switch and hub
after reading all the above, maybe you still don't understand. In fact, binary is not something that network administrators need to deal with, but frame is what network administrators really need to pay attention to. Therefore, in the "network monitor" of Windows 2000, "frame" is the monitored object. But how do we actually monitor frames
what happened on the Internet
how the broadcast storm is formed
before using the network monitor, we need to understand how the broadcast storm is formed, and to understand the formation of the broadcast storm, we need to know the transmission mode of the frame, that is, unicast frame, multicast frame and broadcast frame
1. Unicast frame
unicast frame is also called "point-to-point" communication. At this time, the frame is only received and transmitted between the two nodes. The destination MAC address of the frame is the MAC address of the other node. The network equipment (switch and router) forwards the frame according to the destination MAC address in the frame
2. Multicast frame
multicast frame can be understood as a person talking to multiple people (but not everyone present), which can improve the efficiency of the call. Multicast accounts for a small proportion of the network, mainly used in network equipment internal communication, online video conference, online video on demand, etc
3. Broadcast frame
broadcast frame can be understood as a person talking to all the people present. The advantage of this is that the communication efficiency is high, and the information can be transmitted to all at once. In the broadcast frame, the destination MAC address in the frame header is "FF. FF. FF. FF. FF", which represents the MAC address of all host network cards on the network
broadcast frame is indispensable in the network. For example, the process of client automatically obtaining IP address through DHCP is realized through broadcast frame. Moreover, because devices also need to communicate with each other, a certain number of broadcast frames will appear in the network even if no user sends broadcast frames artificially
compared with unicast and multicast, broadcast occupies almost all the bandwidth of the network in the subnet. A large number of broadcast frames cannot appear in the network for a long time, otherwise the so-called "broadcast storm" will appear (the number of broadcast frames per second is more than 1000). Take a meeting as an example. Only one person can speak at the meeting. If everyone speaks at the same time, the meeting will be a mess. The broadcast storm is that the network is occupied by a large number of broadcast packets for a long time, which makes the normal point-to-point communication unable to work normally. The external performance is that the network speed is extremely slow. There are many reasons for broadcast storm. A faulty network card may send broadcast packets on the network for a long time, resulting in broadcast storm
router or layer 3 switch can be used to isolate broadcast storm between different subnets. When the router or layer 3 switch receives the broadcast frame, it will not process it, so that it can not be transmitted to other subnets, so as to achieve the purpose of isolating the broadcast storm. Therefore, in the large and medium-sized LAN composed of hundreds or even thousands of computers, in order to isolate the broadcast storm, it is necessary to divide the subnet.
7. Why go to the hospital.. It's at the fortune teller's booth. You can order one for a few yuan. The price is cheap. The effect is good.. My several elders are like this..
8. About tens of thousands
however, it is suggested that there should be more 9960x, and AMD hedt platform is not very good. Many professional functions are only supported by Intel. Some things can't come out of running points and core numbers
however, it is suggested that there should be more 9960x, and AMD hedt platform is not very good. Many professional functions are only supported by Intel. Some things can't come out of running points and core numbers
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