BTC quantitative fund
Publish: 2021-05-05 18:51:17
1. 1. Value scale -- the function of currency to express the value of goods and measure the quantity of the value of goods
money performs the function of value measurement, which is to show the value of all commodities as a certain amount of money. This is because money itself is a commodity and has value. All kinds of goods are the condensation of social labor with the same quality, so labor time is the intrinsic value measure of goods. This kind of intrinsic value can be compared, but it can't show itself. In the process of commodity exchange, when money performs the function of value measurement to measure the value of other commodities, and makes all kinds of commodity values behave as a certain amount of money, money becomes the external manifestation of commodity value
2. Means of circulation: in commodity circulation, money serves as the medium of commodity exchange
the circulation function of money is developed in commodity exchange. Before the emergence of money, commodity exchange took the form of direct exchange. After the emergence of money, it becomes the commodity circulation with money as the medium, which makes the direct commodity exchange into two processes. Any commodity procer must first sell goods for money (w-g), and then use money to buy back the needed goods (G-W). In the commodity exchange composed of these two processes, money acts as the medium of exchange activities. The function of this kind of medium commodity exchange is the function of currency circulation means
3. Storage means: the function of money withdrawal from circulation as an independent value form and the general representative of social wealth
the function of money storage means is graally improved in practice. At first, it was shown as simple money storage. The procer changed surplus procts into money in order to save his surplus procts with money. With the development of commodity proction, in order to make it easy for commodity procers to buy commodities that can maintain proction and life at any time, money storage is mainly manifested as the storage of exchange value. When commodity circulation expands to all fields, the one who owns money can buy everything he needs. At this time, money storage is manifested as money storage of social power. But the money storage for any purpose must be the enough money with value entity
4. Means of payment: the function of money as an independent form of value in unilateral movement
the function of money as a means of payment was initially generated to meet the needs of commodity proction and exchange. Because the proction cycle of different commodities is different, and the distance from the place of origin to the place of sale is different, in order to ensure the continuous reproction process, some commodity procers need to sell goods on credit. When the debt is settled on the appointed date, money has the function of payment means. Later, with the development of commodity exchange and credit economy, the function of money as a means of payment has become increasingly common, not only beyond the field of commodity circulation, but also into people's daily life, such as for the payment of government rent, rent, wages, taxes and so on
5. World currency -- the currency as a general equivalent in the world market
with the emergence and development of international exchanges, currency has the function of world currency when it circulates in the world market. In addition to the function of value measurement, the world currency also performs the following functions: as a means of purchase, it is used internationally to purchase foreign goods; As a general means of payment, it is used to pay international debts, interest and other unproctive payments to balance the international balance of payments; As the representative of social wealth, it is used to pay war reparations, export monetary capital, etc., and transfer from one country to another.
money performs the function of value measurement, which is to show the value of all commodities as a certain amount of money. This is because money itself is a commodity and has value. All kinds of goods are the condensation of social labor with the same quality, so labor time is the intrinsic value measure of goods. This kind of intrinsic value can be compared, but it can't show itself. In the process of commodity exchange, when money performs the function of value measurement to measure the value of other commodities, and makes all kinds of commodity values behave as a certain amount of money, money becomes the external manifestation of commodity value
2. Means of circulation: in commodity circulation, money serves as the medium of commodity exchange
the circulation function of money is developed in commodity exchange. Before the emergence of money, commodity exchange took the form of direct exchange. After the emergence of money, it becomes the commodity circulation with money as the medium, which makes the direct commodity exchange into two processes. Any commodity procer must first sell goods for money (w-g), and then use money to buy back the needed goods (G-W). In the commodity exchange composed of these two processes, money acts as the medium of exchange activities. The function of this kind of medium commodity exchange is the function of currency circulation means
3. Storage means: the function of money withdrawal from circulation as an independent value form and the general representative of social wealth
the function of money storage means is graally improved in practice. At first, it was shown as simple money storage. The procer changed surplus procts into money in order to save his surplus procts with money. With the development of commodity proction, in order to make it easy for commodity procers to buy commodities that can maintain proction and life at any time, money storage is mainly manifested as the storage of exchange value. When commodity circulation expands to all fields, the one who owns money can buy everything he needs. At this time, money storage is manifested as money storage of social power. But the money storage for any purpose must be the enough money with value entity
4. Means of payment: the function of money as an independent form of value in unilateral movement
the function of money as a means of payment was initially generated to meet the needs of commodity proction and exchange. Because the proction cycle of different commodities is different, and the distance from the place of origin to the place of sale is different, in order to ensure the continuous reproction process, some commodity procers need to sell goods on credit. When the debt is settled on the appointed date, money has the function of payment means. Later, with the development of commodity exchange and credit economy, the function of money as a means of payment has become increasingly common, not only beyond the field of commodity circulation, but also into people's daily life, such as for the payment of government rent, rent, wages, taxes and so on
5. World currency -- the currency as a general equivalent in the world market
with the emergence and development of international exchanges, currency has the function of world currency when it circulates in the world market. In addition to the function of value measurement, the world currency also performs the following functions: as a means of purchase, it is used internationally to purchase foreign goods; As a general means of payment, it is used to pay international debts, interest and other unproctive payments to balance the international balance of payments; As the representative of social wealth, it is used to pay war reparations, export monetary capital, etc., and transfer from one country to another.
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3. View Incoterms 2010 changes from the perspective of AEO trade security with app free of charge
written by Deng Binbin
Incoterms 2010, revised by ICC according to the latest development of international trade in goods, was published in 2010, It was implemented globally on January 1, 2011
Incoterms 2010 is more accurate than general rule 2000 in indicating the liability clauses of each party to bear the risks and expenses of goods transportation, and is more suitable for the complex changes of international trade under the new situation
the first decade after entering the new century is a decade of rapid changes in world trade pattern and international trade frictions. In this decade, two major events have taken place that affect the world's economic and political pattern: first, the "September 11" incident in 2001 in the United States, in which terrorist attacks began to become a common concern of all countries in the world; The second is China's accession to the WTO. A country with the largest population and the most promising market will join this multilateral framework of international organizations. The rules of the international economic game have made significant adjustments because of these two major events, and the introction of Incoterms 2010 just adapts to these changes. We can see the great impact of this change by comparing some changes of these two different versions of trade terms
however, most of the articles that analyze the similarities and differences are directed at the change of the structure of trade terms, except that 13 kinds of trade terms have become 11 kinds, and four groups of classification have become two groups of classification. In fact, this is not the key to the problem. Terms are still those terms and definitions are still those definitions. The important changes are as follows:
1. Focus on the safety approval and the information required by the approval
nowadays, the safety of goods in the process of transfer is highly concerned, so it is required that the inspection of goods will not pose a threat to life and property for reasons other than their own properties. Therefore, in the relevant provisions of various terms, the obligation to obtain or provide assistance in obtaining safety approval is included, such as the chain of custody of goods, the submission of information and the acquisition of relevant permits
Incoterms 2010 restricts the seller or the buyer's need to assist the other party to complete the requirements of secure approval or relevant declaration under relevant scenarios, so as to ensure the smooth supply chain, which is very obvious in FOB, EXW or FCA terms
at the same time, the world is not a peaceful society, goods damage is always threatening the interests of the consignor or consignee, and the collapse of the transaction chain may bring disaster to the enterprise“ The "Tianjin explosion incident" has sounded an alarm for those enterprises that ignore trade security. This is just the weak point of domestic enterprises, especially private enterprises.
written by Deng Binbin
Incoterms 2010, revised by ICC according to the latest development of international trade in goods, was published in 2010, It was implemented globally on January 1, 2011
Incoterms 2010 is more accurate than general rule 2000 in indicating the liability clauses of each party to bear the risks and expenses of goods transportation, and is more suitable for the complex changes of international trade under the new situation
the first decade after entering the new century is a decade of rapid changes in world trade pattern and international trade frictions. In this decade, two major events have taken place that affect the world's economic and political pattern: first, the "September 11" incident in 2001 in the United States, in which terrorist attacks began to become a common concern of all countries in the world; The second is China's accession to the WTO. A country with the largest population and the most promising market will join this multilateral framework of international organizations. The rules of the international economic game have made significant adjustments because of these two major events, and the introction of Incoterms 2010 just adapts to these changes. We can see the great impact of this change by comparing some changes of these two different versions of trade terms
however, most of the articles that analyze the similarities and differences are directed at the change of the structure of trade terms, except that 13 kinds of trade terms have become 11 kinds, and four groups of classification have become two groups of classification. In fact, this is not the key to the problem. Terms are still those terms and definitions are still those definitions. The important changes are as follows:
1. Focus on the safety approval and the information required by the approval
nowadays, the safety of goods in the process of transfer is highly concerned, so it is required that the inspection of goods will not pose a threat to life and property for reasons other than their own properties. Therefore, in the relevant provisions of various terms, the obligation to obtain or provide assistance in obtaining safety approval is included, such as the chain of custody of goods, the submission of information and the acquisition of relevant permits
Incoterms 2010 restricts the seller or the buyer's need to assist the other party to complete the requirements of secure approval or relevant declaration under relevant scenarios, so as to ensure the smooth supply chain, which is very obvious in FOB, EXW or FCA terms
at the same time, the world is not a peaceful society, goods damage is always threatening the interests of the consignor or consignee, and the collapse of the transaction chain may bring disaster to the enterprise“ The "Tianjin explosion incident" has sounded an alarm for those enterprises that ignore trade security. This is just the weak point of domestic enterprises, especially private enterprises.
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method / step
the first step, turn on the computer's display
the configuration of the computer is high and low, and the graphics card accounts for a large proportion, because the graphics card is the direct reason for whether a game can run. Each computer has different ways to adjust the graphics card, and it can be set according to each computer
1) NVIDIA graphics card setting method: open NVIDIA control panel, select the management 3D setting on the left, and change the automatic selection to your NVIDIA graphics card in the global setting interface. Then select the program settings interface to add the game you want to play, and then select it as unique
2) setting method of AMD graphics card: the setting method of AMD graphics card is the same as that of NVIDIA control panel. Just add the program to it
the second step is to adjust the display effect of the graphics card (take NVIDIA as an example)
select the option of image preview. After entering, change the graphics first and set it as performance. We can see that the image quality will become very rough and there will be a lot of sawtooth after changing to performance
the third step is to change the battery mode
1) if you want to play large-scale games, you must pay attention to one problem, that is, you must change the battery mode to high performance, which is just one of them
2) the most important thing is whether your computer has a manual power-saving switch (graphics card switch). If you have a manual switch, you must change it to normal mode
the fourth step is to rece the effect of the game
all games have different quality requirements. If you only want to run the game smoothly, rece the picture quality of the game, lower the display effect of the picture and lower the resolution.
the fifth step is to run the game in windows
1 at this time, the most effective way to run the game is to make the game windowed, which greatly reces the requirements for computer configuration. It can make our computer easily run many large-scale games, provided that your computer can see the menu of the game. If you can't even see the menu, there's no way
2 for the best fast car games, generally press Alt + enter to switch
the sixth step is to end the useless process
when running the game, we should try our best to end the useless process of the system, otherwise it will affect our running speed. The best way is to change the 360 game mode directly, which is convenient and fast
the fifth step is to run the game in windows
1 at this time, the most effective way to run the game is to make the game windowed, which greatly reces the requirements for computer configuration. It can make our computer easily run many large-scale games, provided that your computer can see the menu of the game. If you can't even see the menu, there's no way
2 for the best fast car games, generally press Alt + enter to switch
the sixth step is to end the useless process
when running the game, we should try our best to end the useless process of the system, otherwise it will affect our running speed. The best way is to change the 360 game mode directly, which is convenient and fast.
or usually used to save money is also very good
.
.
.
.
.
.
method / step
the first step, turn on the computer's display
the configuration of the computer is high and low, and the graphics card accounts for a large proportion, because the graphics card is the direct reason for whether a game can run. Each computer has different ways to adjust the graphics card, and it can be set according to each computer
1) NVIDIA graphics card setting method: open NVIDIA control panel, select the management 3D setting on the left, and change the automatic selection to your NVIDIA graphics card in the global setting interface. Then select the program settings interface to add the game you want to play, and then select it as unique
2) setting method of AMD graphics card: the setting method of AMD graphics card is the same as that of NVIDIA control panel. Just add the program to it
the second step is to adjust the display effect of the graphics card (take NVIDIA as an example)
select the option of image preview. After entering, change the graphics first and set it as performance. We can see that the image quality will become very rough and there will be a lot of sawtooth after changing to performance
the third step is to change the battery mode
1) if you want to play large-scale games, you must pay attention to one problem, that is, you must change the battery mode to high performance, which is just one of them
2) the most important thing is whether your computer has a manual power-saving switch (graphics card switch). If you have a manual switch, you must change it to normal mode
the fourth step is to rece the effect of the game
all games have different quality requirements. If you only want to run the game smoothly, rece the picture quality of the game, lower the display effect of the picture and lower the resolution.
the fifth step is to run the game in windows
1 at this time, the most effective way to run the game is to make the game windowed, which greatly reces the requirements for computer configuration. It can make our computer easily run many large-scale games, provided that your computer can see the menu of the game. If you can't even see the menu, there's no way
2 for the best fast car games, generally press Alt + enter to switch
the sixth step is to end the useless process
when running the game, we should try our best to end the useless process of the system, otherwise it will affect our running speed. The best way is to change the 360 game mode directly, which is convenient and fast
the fifth step is to run the game in windows
1 at this time, the most effective way to run the game is to make the game windowed, which greatly reces the requirements for computer configuration. It can make our computer easily run many large-scale games, provided that your computer can see the menu of the game. If you can't even see the menu, there's no way
2 for the best fast car games, generally press Alt + enter to switch
the sixth step is to end the useless process
when running the game, we should try our best to end the useless process of the system, otherwise it will affect our running speed. The best way is to change the 360 game mode directly, which is convenient and fast.
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. It's not necessarily a system problem. There are many reasons why the computer can't be turned on:
1. The main board is not powered on. Solution: try to release static electricity (remove the battery and power cord of the computer, make sure that the notebook is in a completely powerless state, repeatedly press the power switch for 6-8 times, hold it for 6-8 seconds each time, connect the power and try to start the machine). If it can be turned on normally, the fault will be solved; If it still can't be started normally, it is recommended to send it to the local service station to check the hardware
2. Display screen or graphics card failure. Solution: it is recommended to send the hardware to the local service station for inspection
3. The system is damaged. Solution: if you are using pre installed genuine win7 system, it is recommended to restore the backup data by pressing Alt + F10 on the logo interface; If you are not using the pre installed system, it is recommended to back up the data and re install the system
4. Other hardware failures such as hard disk. Solution: it is recommended to send the hardware to the local service station for inspection.
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.
. It's not necessarily a system problem. There are many reasons why the computer can't be turned on:
1. The main board is not powered on. Solution: try to release static electricity (remove the battery and power cord of the computer, make sure that the notebook is in a completely powerless state, repeatedly press the power switch for 6-8 times, hold it for 6-8 seconds each time, connect the power and try to start the machine). If it can be turned on normally, the fault will be solved; If it still can't be started normally, it is recommended to send it to the local service station to check the hardware
2. Display screen or graphics card failure. Solution: it is recommended to send the hardware to the local service station for inspection
3. The system is damaged. Solution: if you are using pre installed genuine win7 system, it is recommended to restore the backup data by pressing Alt + F10 on the logo interface; If you are not using the pre installed system, it is recommended to back up the data and re install the system
4. Other hardware failures such as hard disk. Solution: it is recommended to send the hardware to the local service station for inspection.
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8. 0X0000008E:KERNEL_ MODE_ EXCEPTION_ NOT_ HANDLED 0xC0000005: STATUS_ ACCESS_ Violation cancels the overclocking. First, fix the latest patch, then check and replace your graphics card driver, scan the bad path of the hard disk, try to replace the graphics card, or replace the memory if it appears, and refresh the BIOS.
9. You don't have to come back when you're OK
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