After successful bitcoin digging
there are some points for attention in account setting. It is suggested to set a common account in e-mail
then there is the most important miner account setting. Miner obviously refers to CPU or GPU. You need to set an account for each CPU or GPU. Suppose you have two hd7990, you need to set four different accounts for four GPUs
after the account registration, it's time to take the second step. Download the bitcoin miner. Here we recommend the small and easy-to-use guiminer, which can support CPU, oepncl, CUDA and other computing modes. Your CPU and graphics card can achieve maximum performance
guiminer, a bitcoin miner, still needs to make certain settings. After the interface is changed to Chinese, it will be very simple
if the setting is correct, click the "start mining" button, the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, and you can also monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver
the computing power displayed by guiminer is only a theoretical value. To know the actual output of bitcoin, you need to log in to the mine pool website, btcguild, to monitor your account information
now let's assume that you have g up several bitcoins, which naturally exist in btcguild, a foreigner's website. They can't be traded or converted into paper money for the time being
the functions provided by bitcoin China trading platform are clear at a glance, and you can understand them as soon as you read them, so you don't need to introce them any more. After you register, you can study them slowly
click the "bitcoin recharge" function of bitcoin China trading platform, and the system will provide you with a one-time bitcoin digital wallet address. This address can only be recharged once (for security reasons of the platform). After successful recharge, it will be invalid, and then the system will provide you with another address. Remember to update the wallet address in time every time, Otherwise, it will lead to recharge failure or loss
OK, now we import bitcoin from foreign websites into bitcoin China website, and it's up to you to deal with it. Keep it for appreciation, listing and selling, and exchange it for RMB. Specific how to operate, this Chinese website is easy to operate, we slowly study it
finally, let's talk about the equipment used in the bitcoin mining test. At first, I thought it was just an ordinary hd7870, but its computing power was much better than that of the ordinary hd7870. The key is that guiminer recognized it as the Tahiti core, which is the only core of hd7900 series. Looking at gpu-z, the card originally had as many as 1536 stream processors, Generally, the hd7870 of Pitcairn core has only 1280 stream processors. No wonder Dylan's graphics card has super computing power
for friends who hang up for a long time, performance is not the most important, and stability is the most important.
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply 
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
1. First of all, connect the network cable, plug the network cable into the network cable interface of the mining machine, and remember to plug it tightly. Only when the miner is connected to the Internet, there is no limit to the broadband
extended data
users can buy bitcoin, at the same time, they can also use computers to "mine" bitcoin according to a large number of calculations. When users "mine" bitcoin, they need to use the computer to search for 64 bit numbers, and then compete with other gold miners by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the required numbers for the bitcoin network. If the user's computer successfully creates a set of numbers, then they will get 25 bitcoins
e to the decentralized programming adopted by the bitcoin system, only 25 bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes, and by 2140, the maximum number of bitcoins in circulation will reach 21 million. In other words, bitcoin system is able to achieve self-sufficiency, resist inflation through coding, and prevent others from destroying these codes
bitcoin miners will mine 18 million bitcoins this week, and only the remaining 3 million bitcoins will be released before mining stops in 2140 commentators said at the time that the motivation of hoarding bitcoin came from the curiosity in technology. In view of the current price of BTC / USD, financial incentives reverse the activity of bitcoin hoarding by holders in 2019< br />
first of all, bitcoin is not created one by one. Bitcoin is made up of one account book after another. As long as you can record one account book, the system will reward you accordingly (starting from 2009, after four years, one will reward 50 bitcoins, another four years, one will reward 25 bitcoins, and so on), Because the account book records the transaction information, the transaction fees generated by the transaction also belong to the bookkeeper. Such a good thing, of course, everyone wants to keep accounts. At this time, the more wonderful thing will come. The system will put a mathematical problem every ten minutes. Whoever works out first will have the right to keep accounts. They can keep accounts and get bitcoin generated by keeping accounts
then the generated bitcoin will be saved in your wallet address. You can transfer the bitcoin in the address to EXX. There are not only bitcoin, but also more valuable currencies. Of course, you need to choose
investment is risky, and we should cherish it
bookkeeping
because bookkeeping is a reward, each time you can add a certain number of bitcoin for yourself, so everyone is competing for bookkeeping, which of course leads to a problem: when there is inconsistency in bookkeeping, the system introces workload proof to solve the problem, and the rules are as follows:
1. In a period of time, only one person can succeed in bookkeeping
2. Obtain the unique bookkeeping right by solving the cryptography problem
3. Other nodes the bookkeeping results
but before the workload proof, The accounting node will do the following preparatory work:
1. Collect the original transaction information that has not been recorded in the broadcast
2. Check whether the payment address in each transaction information has enough balance
3. Verify whether the transaction has the correct signature
4. Package and record the verified transaction information
5. Add a reward transaction: add 12.5 to your address Bitcoin
if you succeed in competing for bookkeeping rights, you can get a reward of 12.5 bitcoin
workload proof
the hash value of the previous block and the current account page information will be hashed together as the original information in each bookkeeping. In order to ensure that only one person can keep accounts around 10 minutes, we have to improve the difficulty of keeping accounts. The results of hash must start with several zeros. In order to satisfy the condition, hash is to introce a random number variable
denoted by pseudo code:
1. Hash (last hash value, transaction record set) = 456635bcd
2. Hash (last hash value, transaction record set, random number) = 0000afd635bcd
if you change part of the original information of hash, the hash value will also change continuously. Therefore, when you run hash, the value of random number will change continuously, A random number can always be found so that the result of hash starts with several zeros. The node that finds the random number first obtains the unique bookkeeping right
verification
after the node successfully finds the hash value, it will broadcast and package the block to the whole network immediately, and the node of the network will verify it after receiving the broadcast. If the verification is passed, it indicates that a node has successfully decrypted, it will not compete for the current block, but will choose to accept the block and record it in its own account book for the next round of competitive guessing. Only the fastest decrypted block in the network will be added to the ledger, and other nodes will to ensure the uniqueness of the whole ledger
If a node has cheating behavior, it will cause the node of the network to fail the verification, give up its packaged block directly, and cannot be recorded in the general ledger, then the consumption cost of the cheating node will be in vain. Therefore, miners consciously abide by the consensus protocol of bitcoin system, and ensure the security of the whole system
it's like you go to the construction site to move bricks. After moving bricks for one day, the contractor asks you how can you prove that you move bricks for one day?
Zhejiang Xinyun blockchain Technology Co., Ltd. is a limited liability company (invested or controlled by natural person) registered in Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province on April 2, 2018. Its registered address is located in room B309, 46-54 Dongfang Road, Ouhai Economic Development Zone, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province (trial area of cloud sharing creative space)
the unified social credit code / registration number of Zhejiang Xinyun blockchain Technology Co., Ltd. is 91330304ma2cnkpx00, and the enterprise legal person is Xiao Kang. At present, the enterprise is in business
Zhejiang Xinyun blockchain Technology Co., Ltd., within the province, the current registered capital of the enterprise is general
view more information and information of Zhejiang Xinyun blockchain Technology Co., Ltd. through network enterprise credit
Why do you want to go up? What's the logic
not to mention how many years after the excavation, no one should have g this thing for a long time
take your time
is bitcoin a currency? No, money needs to be liquid, so it needs to be actively over issued to eliminate inflation. Bitcoin can't, so it's not money. It's just because money can't rise so much. Have you ever heard that money can ride a roller coaster? There is no such thing
at best, it can only be collectibles, such as gold, silver, jewelry, ancient books, calligraphy and paintings. You can accept them if you like, and sell them for money if you don't want them
so why is this thing going up so crazy now? In fact, it's just hype
you need to analyze the mentality of the holder, except those who really have faith, the rest are not waiting for it to give you money. Do you want money or bitcoin? Of course, it's money, or I won't ask if it will go up
everyone is bidding up its value. It's a tacit thing to get money after shipping. When you don't ship, you only have a market value, not money. So in essence, you have to ship. After shipping, you can "pursue a better life"
will bitcoin keep rising? This actually doesn't exist, you don't sell bitcoin? You don't know? Don't you want a better life? You will meet your real needs more or less by discounting when you are still young and energetic. The money I earn is for use, and bitcoin does not create value. Then the money I want to use is yours. It's so simple. To put it bluntly, the longer the time, the greater the desire for discounting, even at a stable high level, This kind of pressure still exists. With this pressure, the rise will be limited, and the decline is the manifestation of pressure accumulation
here we need to introce something that we haven't mentioned before, which is the circulation disk. In fact, the proportion of bitcoin circulation disk is not high. Why such a large market value of things can rise and fall more quickly is actually the problem of circulation disk. That is to say, only a small part of the circulation disk is supported by money, and most of the non circulation is actually false value
you can now switch back to the topic
when the total amount of something that can be hyped is exhausted, that is to say, you have lost the way to obtain it at no cost or low cost. Then you have to hold it through trading, and it is not a necessity of your life, and you do not have to hold it. Maybe the price is already at a high level, and the rise and fall of the market will not be very crazy, If you want a big return, you have to buy a large amount of money. The cost you hold is very large. The cost means that the risk is high, and ordinary people can't afford to play. Please note that the original purpose of money is to fight small for big. How much investment enthusiasm is there at this time
because it has completely presented its own value, that is, the so-called generation currency, and obviously it has not achieved the expected goal, such as the idea of decentralization, which is impossible to realize. If it is realized, you will not care how much it is worth, whether it will rise or not, but only how much you hold, and its value logic will collapse
at this time, we can see whether it has collection value. It is no longer proced, but it is a pity that it is not a complete collection. It has neither scarcity nor the most basic aesthetic feeling. It has no artistry, craftsmanship and so on. Its quantity is very large. Do you think degradable garbage bags have collection value? Even if this kind of garbage bag is no longer proced, it is still not
to sum up, 1. There is no cheap way to get it; 2. The price is already very high, the profit space is small, and the cost is high; 3. The value logic has collapsed, and it is not a token; 4. Even as a collection, it doesn't mean much. What are these rules destroying? It is confidence
do you still want to hold such a thing? It's normal that there are things to hold, things to come out and things to go in. But as I said before, there is a time pressure there. Money has to be used. Holding needs to be discounted
at this time, we have to talk about the circulation market. If the circulation market is not big enough, it is a dead hole. Theoretically speaking, if the value logic can not be realized, we should sell as a normal investor. We consider that most of the circulation market are normal investors, so it is inevitable that the sales volume of circulation market is larger than the purchase volume, As long as the money coming out is greater than the money going in, it can be seen that the market value is falling, and it is obvious that the shrinkage of the market value is several times of the actual outflow, because those that are not in circulation are nominal prices, and those that do not exist will disappear as soon as they fall
and this decline is continuous, if it worsens into panic selling, it will be irreversible
that's my point of view. Of course, I don't think it's possible to wait until the last coin is g out. At present, there are obvious signs of a decline in investment confidence. If you are a rational investor, whether you will hold bitcoin for a long time, most of the answers are whether or not you will buy on the cheap, and most of the answers are wait-and-see, which shows the problem, At the end of the day, bitcoin is about confidence
bitcoin protocol is designed to issue new bitcoin at a fixed rate. This makes bitcoin mining an extremely competitive instry. As more and more miners join the bitcoin network, it becomes more and more difficult to make profits. Miners must seek efficiency to cut proction costs. No central authority or developer has the right to control or manipulate the system to increase their profits. Any behavior that does not comply with the rules required by the system will be rejected by any bitcoin node in the world
bitcoin is issued at a predictable and graal rate. The number of new bitcoins will be halved year by year until the total number reaches 21 million. By then, bitcoin miners may be able to support only a large number of small transaction costs.
bus line: no.382 → No.37, the whole journey is about 17.4km
1. Walk about 180m from Luotuo town to Luotuo Street Station
2. Take no.382, pass 8 stops to Gongyi Road station (or take no.381 or No.346)
3. Take No.37, pass 10 stops to Municipal Administration (service) center station
4. Walk about 830m to Lanyuan, Ningbo center