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Miners bitcoin

Publish: 2021-05-07 04:32:14
1. Forking is different from ordinary upgrading. Ordinary upgrading does not affect agreement consensus before and after upgrading, and generally does not need the participation of community consensus or computing consensus. According to the modification of the protocol, bifurcation can be divided into soft bifurcation and hard bifurcation

existing definition:

[lightning definition] hard fork refers to that when the bitcoin block format or transaction format (this is the widely spread "consensus" (should be part of the agreement consensus)) changes, the UN upgraded node refuses to verify the blocks proced by the upgraded node, but the upgraded node can verify the blocks proced by the UN upgraded node, Then we continue the chain that we think is right, so we divide it into two chains< A permanent divergence in the block chain, commonly occurs when non upgraded nodes can't validate blocks created by upgraded nodes that follow new consensus rules, The UN upgraded node can verify the blocks proced by the upgraded node, and the upgraded node can also verify the blocks proced by the UN upgraded node<

a temporary fork in the block chain which commonly occurs when miners using non upgraded nodes vialate a new consensus rule their nodes don't know about.

I don't think we can say which definition is right or wrong. The specific definition can be summed up according to the differences between the two that have been widely agreed in the community, and it doesn't need authority to specify

hard fork: without forward compatibility, the previous version will be unusable and need to be upgraded

soft fork: it has good compatibility, at least some functions of previous versions are available, and can not be upgraded

hard branching: at the level of blockchain, there will be two branching chains, one old chain and one new chain

soft bifurcation: there are no forked chains at the level of blockchain, but only the blocks that make up the chain, including new blocks and old blocks

hard forking: it is necessary to agree with the forking upgrade at a certain time point, and those who do not agree will enter the old chain

soft bifurcation: for quite a long time, it is allowed to continue to use the original version to generate old blocks and coexist with new blocks without upgrading
2. The technology behind bitcoin has established a reliable account book, which has changed many people's lives. Its significance goes far beyond the scope of cryptocurrency
1. When Honran police rushed into Mariana Catalina Izaguirre's home one day in 2009 and wanted to expel her, she had lived in this shabby house for more than 30 years. Unlike her neighbor, Mariana Catalina Izaguirre even has a government housing certificate, but unfortunately, according to the information from the local government housing authority, the housing department and another person, the "homeowner", applied to the court for an expulsion order, and finally Ms. lzaguirre was forced to leave
this kind of wrangling is very common all over the world e to unclear registration or missing records. The lack of housing ownership protection is also the source of injustice. It has also become difficult to use houses or land as collateral for financing
bitcoin can make such problems disappear. Bitcoin is a "smart" currency based on encryption algorithm. We should pay more attention to the technology behind bitcoin: blockchain. It means more than money or cash. It creates a way of accounting to solve mutual distrust
that's why politicians consulted Factom, an American start-up that provides a prototype for land registration based on regional chains, to clean up Honran property institutions. Greece is also interested. It has no proper land registration policy. Only 7% of the land is right on the map
2. Blockchain and other similar "distributed account book" applications can be extended to prevent diamond theft and supermarket pipeline. NASDAQ Exchange will soon use blockchain system to record transactions of private enterprises. British banks dislike technological civilization, but it seems to be stimulated: in its research report last year, it wrote that distributed accounting is a great innovation and will have a profound impact on the financial instry
politicians think further: when partners and the left gathered in this year's ouishare Fest in Paris to discuss how grassroots enterprises have shaken big data companies such as Facebook, the regional chain appeared in every speech. In the dream of freedom in the world, more government regulations are replaced by private contracts between indivials - encryption algorithms will strengthen themselves
the blockchain was conceived by Satoshi Nakamoto, the amazing and so far the only confirmed founder of bitcoin - "completely equivalent electronic currency," he wrote in an article published in 2008. In order for it to be like money, bitcoin has to be transferred from the account it is fighting for, and can be consumed twice by the same person. In order to realize the dream of a decentralized system like Nakamoto, bitcoin must avoid any dependence on third parties, such as banks hidden behind ordinary payment systems
blockchain can replace the third party. It can hold the transaction history of each bitcoin and provide evidence of any person at any time. Distribution systems can be replicated in thousands of computers - the "nodes" of bitcoin - everywhere in the world, and can be made public. But even with such openness, it is still credible and safe. The complexity of the mathematical algorithm and the computational brute force cracking built in its "consensus mechanism" - the node agrees to upgrade the blockchain process according to the bitcoin circulation - ensure this
for example, Alice wants to pay Bob for rental services. They all have bitcoin wallets - software that goes directly to the blockchain, not to the web like a browser, but doesn't identify users in the system. When Alice's wallet began to apply, the transaction started, and the blockchain began to change to show that Alice's wallet was less and Bob's was more

the network needs to change through several stages in this process. When the application passes through multiple nodes in the network, check the ledger to confirm whether Alice has the bitcoin she wants to spend. If everything looks ok, the specific node will instruct miners to bundle Alice's request to connect with other similar reputable transactions, and create a new mole in the blockchain
this involves decomposing the mole into a series of data of specified length by encrypting a hash function (see chart). Like many encryptions, this hash is a one-way street. Data can be dispersed, but conversely, it is impossible to aggregate data from dispersion. But even though hash doesn't hold data, it's still unique. Changing the entry mole in any way - changing the transaction with a simple number - hashing will be different
3. Along with other data, hash will be placed in the first place (header) of the development mole. The first one then becomes the basis of practical mathematical puzzles, again involving hash functions. Puzzles can only be solved by tests and errors. Through the Internet, miners is experimenting with hundreds of millions of possibilities to find answers. When a miner finally finds out the answer, other nodes will quickly check (go one-way again: it's hard to solve, but it's easy to check), and each node will confirm the solution, and then upgrade to the blockchain. The first hash will be the confirmation line for the new mole, which is now part of the account book. Alice pays Bob and all other transactions in the mole are confirmed
in the decryption phase, three things are introced to greatly enhance the security of bitcoin. One is chance. You can't predict which miner will solve the puzzle, so you can't predict who will upgrade the blockchain at a given time, except that it must be the most diligent miner, not other random slackers. It makes cheating difficult
the second point is history. Each new first part contains the hash function of the first part of the previous mole, and it contains the hash function of the last part, so it goes back and forth to the starting point. This association makes the mole a circular chain. Starting with all the data in the account book, it's a small matter to regenerate the top of the latest mole. Despite making a change anywhere - even back to one of the earliest moles - the first changed mole will be different. This means the same for the next mole, and all the later moles. The account book will not pass through the latest mole identifier and will be rejected
is there a solution? Imagine Alice changing her mind to pay Bob and trying to rewrite history so that bitcoin will still be in her purse. If she is a capable miner, she can solve the urgent puzzle and make a new version of blockchain. But in the time she does, the rest of the network will have extended the original blockchain. Nodes will always work in the longest version of the blockchain. This rule prevented two miners from finding a solution at the same time and led to worse consequences in the chain than temporary forks. It also prevents cheating. In order for the system to accept her new version, Alice needs to extend it faster than anyone else. Not being able to control more than half of the computers - the technical term is "51% attack" - should not be possible
4, not to mention the possibility of subverting the above network, another deep-seated question is: why do you want to be a member of this network? The answer is the third "decryption" step, and there are rewards. Each new block has a new bitcoin, and the person who solves the puzzle will get 25 bitcoin rewards, about $7500
all the above ingenious designs are not the real attraction of bitcoin. Its value lies in instability and unpredictability, as shown in the figure below, but the total amount of bitcoin is fixed. The mechanism of blockchain also works well. According to a website called blockchain.info, on average, more than 120000 transactions are added to the blockchain every day, which means about $75 million in transactions. At present, there are 380000 blocks, and the size of this account book is nearly 45gb

most of the data in the blockchain is bitcoin, but it is not necessary. Mr Nakamoto has also created a distributed system and written a related explanation. Technology geeks call it: open platform. This platform imitates the Internet, including operating systems such as Android or windows. Developers can develop applications based on the basic functions of blockchain without anyone's permission. Chris Dixon of Andreessen Horowitz, which invests in bitcoin startups, said: this kind of network will eventually become a public database. It is understood that Andreessen Horowitz has invested in coinbase, a bitcoin wallet company, and 21, a bitcoin hardware equipment company for the public
at present, the application based on blockchain has three major fields. The first is to complete all suggestions through blockchain. Colo, a start-up company, is betting that in this model, they have developed an algorithm to "Polish" some small bitcoin transactions, so that they can represent such transactions as securities and precious metals
to protect the validity of land or house signature has become a typical application in the second category. Bitcoin transactions will add the signature to the account book of the blockchain. Everledger, a start-up company, protects luxury goods in this way. For example, they record the texture attribute of a gem in the blockchain data. If the gem is lost, it can provide the most intuitive proof. Onename stores personal information in a similar way; Note that this kind of application is not pure bitcoin transaction, so you need to give more trust first. For example, you need to tell the application developer some accurate information about yourself
the third kind of application has greater ambition, and "smart contract" can automatically detect whether there are various environments in which it can take effect. This is because bitcoin can be programmed so that it can be available or unavailable in special situations
lighthouse, founded by Mike Hearn, a well-known bitcoin engineer, is a decentralized crowdsourcing project. If enough money goes into the project, then everything starts. If the goal is not reached, it stops. Heran believes that his project can be cheaper and more independent than those of his friends who use bitcoin
5. According to Albert Wenger of USV, a New York venture capital company, the emergence of distributed ledgers has opened up an almost new quadrant of possibilities. This company has invested in a number of decentralized companies, such as openbazaar, which provides P2P transactions. In addition to cheering for the blockchain, some people question its security and scalability. Blockchain is very suitable for bitcoin, but in some niche applications, it can't support the use of millions of users
although Nakamoto's blockchain design has proved to be invincible so far, academic research also believes that it is almost impossible to do bad things on the blockchain without controlling 51% of the whole blockchain. In the past, bitcoin players were limited to a small circle. Today, bitcoin mining is controlled by various big bitcoin pools, where small miners share their efforts and get rewards
another concern is the environment. In order to get more bitcoin, the miners are more interested in computing power
3. To tell you the truth, it's a waste of time
4.

What is blockchain? What kind of changes will it bring to the future life

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a batch of bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

in fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English version of bitcoin white paper, but the word chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is & lt; Blockchain & quot; This Chinese word first appeared

on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019

in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography

In the end, this is undoubtedly a new life changing technology. In the future, the proction activities of the whole society will be carried out with blockchain as the underlying logic. Many things are within our reach. With the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle the seemingly complicated things, For example, some securities market transactions and intelligent matching of financial activities

it's easy to understand that blockchain is the integration of people, property, man, machine, material, man, field and goods, which is packaged into a whole; A network computing center that runs on an infrastructure

5. I accept three or four sets of RMB. Five sets can be exchanged at the bank now. The main purpose is to take photos of whether three or four sets of RMB are complete.
6. English name / Chinese name / abbreviation: quickcoin - (qqc, qqcoin, Express money)
release time: December 28, 2013
communication QQ group: 332499294 248803864 182188034
English post: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=389238.0
total amount / algorithm: 30 million / script Jane
current difficulty: 0.39 (please note that Jane's difficulty is different from traditional script algorithm) current block reward: 4-40, maximum block reward: 100-1 000
Introction to currency features:
total amount of 30 million, no pre digging, no stealing, fast transmission, happy sharing
block interval of 20 seconds, the fastest transmission and confirmation speed in history, swish ~ swish ~ swish ~ to the account, convenient for daily application
script Jane algorithm immune BTC, LTC mining machine
POW + POS, with more than 51% of the currency and computing power of the whole network to attack effectively, Immune bifurcation
difficulty is adjusted in each block, immune mining machine gun team

in a word, immune to all mining machines and harassment, zone chain never makes mistakes, fast and good, In a word, disadvantages: domestic attention is late

total net power: 100m (different algorithms are prompted again) total number of mine pool: 70
mine pool 1: qqc. Pooljunkie. NL
mine pool 2: qqcoin. Miners-point.com
mine pool 3: qqcoin. Cryptovalley. Com
mine pool 4:
mine pool 5:

pre excavation quantity: none Quantity of poaching: no current amount of coins issued: 15 million
reasons for poaching / pre digging (very important): no

current price: about 0.15 yuan
official website address: qqco.in
wallet address: http://qqco.in/client/qqcoin-release.rar
block browser address: http://qqc_ Blockcrawler.miners-point.com
source code address: https://github.com/qqcoin/qqcoin

on the trading platform: https://coinep.com/OrderBook?market=QQC&base=BTC

super node: 66.45.255.119 206.72.193.8 162.213.252.48 54.197.230.111

market value ranking query: http://coinmarketcap.com/
http://www.worldc Oinidex.com /

paper wallet, brain Wallet: http://cryptolife.net/paperwallet/QQC.html
to receive gifts: http://37.46.83.41/
shops: http://cryptosmack.com/store/
Games: http://justanarcade.com/ (key recommendation)

2014 potential new currency, qqc price analysis

2013 everyone's feeling is that any counterfeit currency can cheat money, No matter how bad it is, someone will take over. So by the end of last year, there was a flood of shanzhais, which had no characteristics. Basically, they just changed the parameter / name casually, even g the wallet without changing its name. They could also get on the platform and earn a lot of dirty money
however, after nearly a year's market baptism, rookies graally become old birds, money, not so easy to cheat
so I think that in 2014, although Shanzhai is the mainstream of e-money market, it will evolve to a certain technical content. If a currency wants to continue to cheat money, it must have a certain micro innovation / gimmick / application / powerful development team
therefore, according to the above analysis, since the end of last year, my criteria for finding Shanzhai coin began to be "micro innovation / gimmick / application / development team". In the early stage, the old brand Shanzhai coin basically did not meet these requirements. At the end of the year, some low-cost customized Shanzhai coins also did not meet these requirements. It was just to see who was shouting, the marketing was fierce, and the real difference was not big
however, from the end of this year to the beginning of this year, according to the direction of "micro innovation / gimmick / application / development team", many new counterfeit coins begin to fit in with this trend. Next, of course, I will first look at hoarding coins, otherwise I won't talk about it here today
the first thing I like is this qqc (quick coin), There are three reasons that attracted my attention at the beginning:

first, the name is domineering, the cottage style is full, the singing degree is high, and even the aunt can really understand it (the coin is indeed a foreign team, inadvertently stabbing the domestic cottage ancestor Mahua's ass, all day long, the cottage people can't think of it, but also be inadvertently cottaged by foreigners). Just for this name, it's also the starting price of one yuan. Pro, do you have wood? So at the beginning, I decided to go into the pit

2. Algorithm script Jane. With the appearance of 2014 Leyte coin type graphics card miner almost certain, the new Shanzhai coin still continues to use script, that is, flashlight in the toilet - looking for excrement. In fact, the layout of script Jane algorithm is to absorb the ordinary graphics card miner who has been beaten out of dog coin, cat coin, cow coin, horse coin and Leyte coin. With this, popularity can be maintained, at least not dead, this is worth at least a dime, is there any wood

3. This currency is called express currency. Its main purpose is to apply it to transactions and quickly confirm. What kind of bitwright is very expensive, isn't it? It's also very slow, isn't it? On the spot applications must rely on third-party payment, right? Or stand there and wait for a long time. OK, since you used the fast money, you don't have to wait any longer, whether it's the recharge and withdrawal of the trading website or for the future daily application, it's all swish!!!!! Wait, this is not for fun. With the efforts of the development team, the game shop: http://cryptosmack.com/store/ It has supported four types of electronic currency payment including qqc. This, this, this how also can add five cents

four, this one I discovered later, and the team that developed the QQCoin is very awesome. The original work of the coin was originally the team's original practice, but they really wanted to launch it in fact, it was another currency (VEL speed currency). Because one of the team members couldn't bear to give up and released himself, who knows that this unwanted child has great potential in China because of his domineering name, which leads to the better development of the coin than vel speed coin supported by the team. So later, the team took over the whole development and promotion plan of qqc from that member. After a lot of nonsense, what I want to express is that the coin still has a complete logistics support team to continue to improve its peripheral application and promotion. The specific plans will not be listed one by one. Interested students can check the English post https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=389238.0 Well, that's five cents more, isn't it<

at 2510, a dime plus a dime equals two dimes, two dimes plus a piece equals 1.2 yuan, the starting price
so, once this currency is on a good trading website, at least 1.2 yuan, no ceiling, thank you
7. Miners wait for records of active transactions from the point-to-point network and perform complex calculations before they can create new blocks, based on the previous cryptographic base blocks
the following answer is wrong. I am a sophomore
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