Hot issues of bitcoin

1. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity.

2. There are several problems in the development process of bitcoin:
1. Supervision. Decentralization is the biggest advantage and the biggest disadvantage of bitcoin; Because it is easy to be used for illegal trade
2. The problem of trading platform. At present, the domestic bitcoin trading is closed, but the foreign bitcoin trading market is hot and there are many platforms, so it is difficult for users to distinguish the legitimacy of the trading platform
3. As for the transaction risk, the bitcoin development team is only responsible for the development, maintenance and improvement of the bitcoin system, but it is unable to guarantee the normal progress of the transaction
4. As for the identity of the trader, generally speaking, the trading platform authenticates the user's real name, but the coin pack thinks that there are still some loopholes in this kind of authentication
5. Legitimacy. Because different countries have different views on bitcoin, they have different views on bitcoin.

3. 1. MacOS version requirements: click from the top menu of the screen- About local system report... Open the system report app, find the "software" column in the left column and select it. View the system version column on the right:
system version: MacOS
10.12.1
(16b2657)
if your system version is less than 10.12.1, Please check the update and install it through app
store (or download the combined update installation image from Apple support website for manual installation). If you have installed 10.12.1 but the version number is less than 16b26xx, it means that the 10.12.1 you installed is not the latest version. You need to download the combined update installation image from Apple support website for manual installation
MacOS
10.12.1
update content: https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/ht206174
MacOS
10.12.1
combined update download: https://support.apple.com/kb/dl1897? viewlocale=zh_ cn&locale=zh_ Cn
2. To enable the native touch
bar function, you need to use your apple
ID to download Xcode from the app
store (about 15g of disk free space, if you are the developer of MacOS or IOS, Congratulations, you can continue). After installation, open Xcode and select
window show
touch
bar from the menu of Xcode at the top of the screen, You will find that the touch
bar is already displayed on the screen. At this time, you just need to keep Xcode on (which can be minimized). You can experience and use touch
bar as much as you want. Just like the entity touch
bar, you can open the system preferences app, customize your touch
bar display mode in the "keyboard" item, and also customize the buttons on the control bar. You can even choose display custom multi touch
bar from the menu of apps that support custom touch
bar to customize the application control bar. Yes, you now have the full function of touch
bar. The only difference is that touch
bar is directly displayed on the screen. Of course, you have to use the touch pad or mouse instead of touch and click. Finally, you need to find a suitable location for the touch
bar window on the screen
3. Another scenario: if I am an ordinary user and do not want to download Xcode, or the available disk space is not so large, can I not experience touch
bar
of course not. If you can't turn on this function directly, there will always be a big God who can transplant the function to make it run independently. Download a file called
touch é
app
note: the system should refer to point 1, otherwise it will not work. On the other hand, although the two look similar, Xcode turns on calling the native functions of the system,
touch é
it is the version transplanted by Dashen, and its reliability may be slightly poor. You can check the update from time to time to see if there is any repair or improvement (you can also turn on the automatic update function)
finally, of course, there is still a gap between the experience and the entity touch
bar, such as the lack of the function of word selection and association when inputting Chinese. Emoj can only choose the most commonly used one. If you want to have a perfect experience, you are recommended to use a touch
bar device.

4. Brief introction: Zhengzhou Zhongyi mining Machinery Co., Ltd. (formerly state-owned Henan mining machinery factory) is a high-tech enterprise which is engaged in the development, development, proction and sales of urban construction waste treatment equipment. Its headquarters is located in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, with a plant area of 15000 square meters. In 2010, the sales exceeded 100 million yuan, of which 10 million yuan was exported. Since its establishment, the company adheres to the scientific management method of modern enterprises, keeps improving, keeps innovating, and develops rapidly. It has become a new star in China's mining machinery instry. On September 8, 2006, it successfully developed and proced the first set of domestic mobile and construction waste treatment equipment, which has been successfully applied in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, There are construction waste treatment demonstration sites in more than 10 provinces in China. Zhongyi mining machinery has become the leading demonstration enterprise of mining machinery instry in Central Plains in response to the requirements of national environmental protection, which has been inspected by provincial and municipal leaders
legal representative: Liu Yongqiang
time of establishment: October 18, 2010
registered capital: RMB 5.18 million
Instrial and commercial registration number: 410183000011904
enterprise type: limited liability company (invested or controlled by natural person)
address: sanlizhuang, xingmi Road, Xingyang City

5. In 018, the explosive development of blockchain technology was much like the Internet in 1997. I believe that the development of blockchain technology will certainly be faster than the Internet. If you don't take in some knowledge of blockchain, maybe you will fall behind an era. This article will answer several questions about bitcoin
question 1: how was bitcoin born
on November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a statement on micro v-bq Er Wu Ba y on a secret cryptography review group (cryptopunk), stating his new idea of e-money bitcoin
question 2: how to proce bitcoin
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to solve a complex mathematical problem with a computer to ensure the micro v-bq consistency of the bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains all the transaction information in the past 10 minutes. Whoever can work out the figures will get the right to keep accounts. After obtaining the accounting right, it will broadcast and store to the whole network. It's uncertain who gets the bookkeeping right. Of course, the stronger your computing ability is, the higher the probability of getting the bookkeeping right is. Then the bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward to reward those who have the right to keep accounts
question 3: what are the characteristics of bitcoin
it is impossible to control the number of issues without a fully decentralized issuing institution. Bitcoin does not need a third-party organization, and it is a peer-to-peer transaction with mutual trust. The establishment of trust is no longer based on large institutions, but on cryptography and code. Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin. The private key is needed to control bitcoin. It can be stored in any storage medium in isolation, and no one can get it except the user himself. As a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome limit of quota and proceres. You can pay when you know the address of the other party's bitcoin
question 4: can bitcoin be imitated
it is difficult for the cat to survive. Because bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, recompile, and create a new P2P currency. However, these counterfeit currencies are vulnerable to 51% attacks. Any indivial or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a P2P currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency value at will, which will be a devastating blow to P2P currency. Many Shanzhai coins die in this link. The bitcoin network is robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the bitcoin network, the number of CPUs / GPUs required will be astronomical
question 5: why is the total amount of bitcoin 21 million
when bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5. And so on. According to its design principle, the total amount of bitcoin will continue to grow until it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. However, the growth rate of bitcoin micro v-bq in the later period will be very slow. In short, bitcoin proction is halved every four years, and currently 12.5 bitcoins are proced every 10 minutes. In fact, 87.5% of bitcoin will be "g up" in the first 12 years. Moreover, 21 million is only theoretical data. In reality, e to the neglect of bitcoin in the early stage, many bitcoins were lost
question 6: what are the benefits of bitcoin miners
first of all, bitcoin will be rewarded directly after obtaining the bookkeeping right through calculation. But according to bitcoin's rules, as time goes on, the rewards will be less and less. In the future, the income will mainly come from the service charge generated by bitcoin transaction
question 7: why can't bitcoin be modified
for example, if a and B trade, a needs to pay B 100 bitcoins. But if a wants to default, he just wants to pay B a bitcoin. According to the rules of bitcoin, he has to obtain the bookkeeping right of the next 10 minute micro v-bq Er Wu Ba y before he can modify it; Similarly, he has to get another 10 minutes of bookkeeping rights, and so on. So modification is almost impossible
question 8: bitcoin transaction rate
theoretically, the bitcoin transaction rate is 7 transactions per second. In fact, bitcoin currently trades at only one transaction per second
question 9: why does bitcoin have such a strong vitality
if bitcoin is compared to a company, then it has no board of shareholders, board of directors, management, strict leadership, HR, Department Manager, staff, operating site and income. However, bitcoin has been running successfully for nine years without any problems, and its market value is hundreds of billions. The operation of the network relies on a set of mathematical algorithms, incentive mechanism and community for management and governance
question 10: what are the problems facing bitcoin
first, the transaction confirmation time is long. When bitcoin wallet is first installed with micro v-bq-y, it will consume a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. While bitcoin transaction, in order to confirm the accuracy of data, it will take some time to interact with P2P network, and the transaction will be completed only after the whole network is confirmed
Second, the public does not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resist. People who understand the principle know that bitcoin is not manipulated and controlled by a legal person. But the public doesn't understand, and many people can't even tell the difference between bitcoin and q-coin“ "No issuer" is the advantage of bitcoin, but in the view of traditional financial practitioners, "no issuer" currency is worthless.

6. Bitcoin receives payments almost instantaneously. However, there is an average delay of 10 minutes before the network starts adding your transaction to a block to confirm the transaction and that you can use the received bitcoin. Confirmation means that there is a consensus on the Internet that the bitcoin you receive is not used to pay others, so it is recognized as your property. Once your transaction is included in one block, all subsequent blocks will include it, which will greatly consolidate this consensus and rece the risk of transaction cancellation. Each user can determine the time when the transaction is confirmed, but generally speaking, receiving six confirmations is as safe as waiting six months after a credit card transaction
only full node clients like bitcoin core need longer synchronization time. Technically, synchronization is a process of downloading and verifying all previous bitcoin transactions on the network. Some bitcoin clients need to know all previous transactions to calculate the available balance of your bitcoin wallet and complete new transactions. This step consumes a lot of resources and needs enough bandwidth and space to store the whole block chain. In order to maintain the security of bitcoin, enough users need to use the full node client, because they play the role of confirmation and relay transactions.

7. Bitcoin is a kind of virtual digital encryption. When it was born, it must write rules: the total number is 21 million, the more difficult it is to dig,

8. Bitcoin solves a technical problem, not an economic one

9. The accounting treatment of foreign currency transaction translation mainly involves two steps:
first, the initial recognition of foreign currency transaction is carried out on the transaction day, and the amount of foreign currency is converted into the amount of bookkeeping base currency. 1. In case of foreign currency transaction, the foreign currency amount shall be converted into the bookkeeping base currency amount at the spot exchange rate of the transaction date or the approximate exchange rate of the spot exchange rate at the time of initial recognition
2. When an enterprise receives the capital invested by investors in foreign currency, no matter whether there is a contractual exchange rate or not, it shall not use the approximate exchange rate between the contractual exchange rate and the spot exchange rate, but use the spot exchange rate on the trading day. In this way, the amount of foreign currency invested capital is equal to the amount of the recording currency of the corresponding monetary items, and there is no translation difference of foreign currency capital
2. On the balance sheet date, an enterprise should deal with foreign currency monetary items and foreign currency non monetary items separately
1. For foreign currency monetary items (monetary assets include cash, bank deposits, accounts receivable, notes receivable and held to maturity investment, etc.); Monetary liabilities include accounts payable, other accounts payable, short-term borrowings, bonds payable, long-term borrowings, long-term accounts payable, etc.). On the balance sheet date or settlement date, the exchange difference caused by exchange rate fluctuations is treated as financial expenses, and the amount of recording base currency of foreign currency monetary items is increased or decreased
2. Non monetary items are items other than monetary items, such as inventory, long-term equity investment, and trading financial assets (stocks); Funds), fixed assets, intangible assets, etc
(1) for foreign currency non monetary items measured at historical cost, which have been translated at the spot exchange rate on the transaction date, the amount of original recording currency should not be changed on the balance sheet date, and no exchange difference will be generated
(2) since the inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value on the balance sheet date, when the inventory is purchased in foreign currency and the net realizable value of the inventory on the balance sheet date is reflected in foreign currency, the effect of exchange rate change should be taken into account when making provision for inventory depreciation
(3) for non monetary items such as stocks and funds measured at fair value, if the fair value at the end of the period is reflected in foreign currency, the foreign currency should be converted into the amount of recording currency according to the spot exchange rate on the day when the fair value is determined, and then compared with the amount of the original recording currency. The difference is regarded as the profit and loss of fair value change and included in the current profit and loss. If it is a non monetary item of foreign currency available for sale, the exchange difference shall be included in the capital reserve
3. Currency conversion. Foreign currency exchange business or transactions involving foreign currency exchange shall be translated at the exchange rate actually adopted in the transaction, that is, the bank's buying or selling price. The translation difference e to the change of exchange rate is included in the current profit and loss.