The liberalism of bitcoin

1. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity.

2.

Bitcoin is just a game. If it is promoted as a tool to get rich, it can be regarded as a fraud. Just like the currency in other online games, the only difference is that bitcoin has been standardized since the game was first formulated. It can't be issued indiscriminately, so it can keep its value better than other virtual game props. It is equivalent to the online collection. Bitcoin is a prop in the game, and its value is reflected in the recognition of bitcoin by players: more people play, the value of props in the game is higher; The risk is that he is not the only game, and his algorithm is not the only one. Maybe someone will be able to make other special coins soon. All you need to do is promote the game and sell your props. As for money, bitcoin does not have the basic attributes of money, such as unfair initial distribution and insecure circulation. Money needs to be maintained by the state machine

< H2 > extended materials:

the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, the open source software and the P2P network on it were designed and released. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system. Unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction

1. Bitcoin (bitcoin) is a kind of network virtual currency, which can buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals

2. On January 7, 2014, Taobao announced that it would ban the sale of Internet virtual currencies such as bitcoin and lightcoin from January 14. On February 26, 2014, Democratic Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the federal government of the United States, hoping that relevant institutions would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency

3. On May 12, 2017, a global outbreak of bitcoin virus madly attacked public and commercial systems! Nearly 74 countries in the world have been seriously attacked

4. From August 1, 2017, global bitcoin trading platform will suspend recharge and withdrawal services. Bitcoin China digital asset trading platform will stop new user registration on September 14, and all trading businesses will be stopped on September 30

< H2 > reference materials:

network bitcoin

3. To be honest, I may come into contact with bitcoin later than many of my peers, but I'm one of the quickest people to make a decision to join the instry. I learned from the news that Jet Li's one foundation was grateful to the enthusiasts who donated bitcoin. After less than ten minutes of thinking, I immediately decided to put down 90% of the projects I had completed and devote myself to this instry with incomparable prospects. I am a technology controller. Although I am not well-known in the Internet instry, I have operated no less than 10 it projects, and have cooperated with or established 7 companies. Among them, there are also successes and failures. The only instry that has not been involved is group buying, because I thought from the beginning that group buying deviated from its original appearance and would not be a very promising instry. But after learning about bitcoin, I feel that I have found a window, a window to the palace of ideals, a way to change the world. Today, I still insist on my choice, but the real use value of bitcoin in China is rarely reflected except for its speculative property. After multi-party analysis, I think the short-term downward trend is irreversible. Let's list the following factors that cause the price of bitcoin to fall:
first, the excessively free market - the copper price killer
bitcoin is born for freedom and lives for freedom, which has created a group of bitcoin fans who are crazy about pursuing freedom. The decentralization of the bitcoin exchange has been rampant for a time. The current situation of no supervision of the bitcoin exchange is obvious to all, and it can not be solved by itself, such as the forever anonymous dark village, the disorderly competition of mining machinery, etc. these important factors that are often ignored by people are also important drivers of the price drop
just think of the capitalist social system in the early days. People had great expectations and perseverance. They could sacrifice their lives for freedom and cut the rope on puppets at all costs. During the transition from feudal socialism to capitalism, people were like holding on to the water for several generations, suddenly came out to breathe fresh air, and no one was allowed to press themselves into the water again, The result is a social system of excessive freedom. The result of excessive freedom is that once someone obtains certain resources and social advantages, he can quickly devour everything around him like a black hole, forming a monopoly and giving birth to an oligarchy. They don't care about other people's lives, just like gladiators. If you lose, you have to bear all the consequences; If I win, I can enjoy some honor. But after all, oligarchs are a minority. Society is made up of thousands of ordinary people, so the system made up of people must be unstable and unreasonable. Therefore, modern capitalist society has learned to compromise. After learning from many advantages of capitalist society at that time, it is found that there are anti-monopoly laws, various anti-commercial bribery and other daily laws for proper supervision, In order to effectively delay the outbreak cycle of the financial crisis
the reason why so many words are used to describe capitalist society is that bitcoin has too many similarities with it. A brand new financial system does not depend on specific institutions or indivials, but also depends on all participants. With it, we can eliminate all external influences and keep our wallets. It's a great idea, but what about the reality? Holding a large amount of bitcoin, amzhuang can control the price of bitcoin. In the capital market, 1 billion yuan is only a very small amount. For the bitcoin market, it is enough to control the price rise and fall of any exchange, back and forth volatility, commonly known as "fleece". Easier said than done, as like as two peas in the market, you will be able to control the bitcoin in your hands. But you have to be in the market. For these makers, they can benefit from the ups and downs, because in the trend of the rising market, they will increase ring each shock period, and fall more every time the market falls. At the top of the pyramid, there are always only a few people
after more than a year of communication with players in the instry, we found that those who are still left behind are either deeply covered or persistent believers. Even if they are covered, only a few of them are entities. Most of the left behind are pure it houses, and they blush when they meet. Most of them have no financial experience, even few of them have speculated in stocks, so they are in shock, It's certain that Xiaosan will be injured< Another important factor is that, like stocks, the amount of cash in circulation is far less than the total value. Although several exchanges have not announced the amount of bitcoin and the total amount of RMB assets, it can be concluded from the data of mtgox's bankruptcy that the amount of cash announced by mtgox is US $40 million, Bitcoin is worth US $450 million, reaching a staggering 1:11. According to my preliminary understanding, the general comparison of domestic trading platforms is between 1:3 and 1:6, which is slightly better than mtfox, but it is also enough to illustrate the problem. Once the bear market comes, the power of shorting is far greater than that of long
although the stock market did not rise sharply last year, many people did profit from the stock market and attracted many of the few users who swayed between the stock market and bitcoin. Many of the professional investment users and deep-seated users who benefited from bitcoin also left the bitcoin instry for various reasons. The big reason is that for bitcoin, They think that in addition to speculation, it is a game played by technical talents. Although this is a misunderstanding, let's think about it from another perspective. If you are an investor outside the IT instry and face the world's largest trading platform, you will go bankrupt if it goes bankrupt. If bitcoin is stolen, it will be stolen without supervision and responsibility. What would you think? Therefore, the reason for today's situation is that the number of bitcoin has not decreased, but the capital is decreasing. Although there are many foreign advantages ring this period, the domestic situation has been declining. This is an indisputable fact
with the decrease of funds, long has lost enough momentum. The reason why there is no sharp decline is that there are still a number of bitcoin loyalists. Some of them have been engaged in bitcoin for several consecutive years, and almost every year they have to experience a similar slump. Therefore, they still firmly believe that this year is just a repetition of the market rules of previous years, and the final price will rise; Of course, I personally believe that in the long run, the trend of bitcoin will go up, but is it half a year or three to five years? I'm really not sure, because the biggest constant in the world is change. As the saying goes, the flowers are similar year by year, but the people are different year by year. The past experience may not be applicable to the present< Third, domestic policy - gold price killer
I don't know if the Americans have understood that it was not Japan, the United States, Europe, but China that decided the price of bitcoin in 2013. Made in China used to be a headache for foreigners. Now, they also realize the power of China's speculation. China's real estate speculators are like locusts everywhere they go. At present, China's speculators are also rapidly overdrawn the growth value of bitcoin. China, which has 80% of the world's trading volume, explicitly forbids the value of bitcoin as a medium of exchange, so it has no real value in China except for speculation
I believe that the world's understanding of the power of Chinese speculators in bitcoin began with the documents of five ministries and commissions, because before that, almost no organization participated in the international bitcoin conference. After that, many foreign media swarmed in, professional and unprofessional media came. This time, although the documents on April 15 have not been confirmed, the financial times interviewed bitcoin in advance, which shows that they recognize the power of Chinese speculators
why is an Internet proct that started in foreign countries so influenced by China's policies? This is not its main application place, which just reflects that the price of bitcoin is seriously out of its actual value line, artificially pushed up and overdrawn its value. In my opinion, without CCTV's report and China's participation, it would have been good for bitcoin to have a price of more than 1000 last year. It was also e to excessive attention, which created the fastest five ministerial documents in history< 4. Crazy miner - the ultimate price killer
the computing power of bitcoin miner has increased from 1p at the end of last year to more than 30p now. In less than five months, the price of bitcoin miner has dropped from 6000 to 2700 today. In other words, the number of miner has increased dozens of times, from CPU to motherboard, power supply, power supply, etc The chassis and processing costs are all paid in RMB. Just imagine how much cash flow the mining machine has taken from the whole bitcoin ecological chain. Once the cash flows into the hands of TSMC, motherboard factory and others, it will never be kept back. This is also the result of disorderly competition, once profitable, the number will never end! It is said that Shenzhen proces 90% of the world's computing power of mining machines, and each time the chips are streamed, the chips are less than 3.5 million, more than 20.3 million, not to mention the whole machine. A mining machine manufacturer I know in Shenzhen club said that he sold 1000 USB mining machines a minute, which shows the madness
to sum up, all aspects have exerted pressure on cash flow, so the continuous decline of bitcoin in the short term is caused by many reasons. Even without the 4.15 document, I believe a continuous decline process will be formed. As for the bottom, it depends on the belief of those who still hold fast to it and when the crazy mining machine will not continue, And the actual application of bitcoin in foreign countries
those who played with stocks in 2008 may find that bitcoin shares a striking resemblance to the price trend of stocks. If bitcoin goes up from 2000 to 5300, any good news, even an additional issue, will make stocks soar all the time. After that, although the stock surged to the highest point, the downward trend was like "defeat like a mountain". Any bad news would cause a decline. Coupled with the excessive issuance of new shares and serious overdraft of market cash, the a share once fell back to about 1600 points. Although it rebounded to more than 3000 points, it would still jump to about 2000 points. After several years of shock, it did not improve
bitcoin plate is small and easy to rise and fall. However, if the retail investors are excessively injured, bitcoin's loyalty can only be powerless to let bitcoin rise. The false rise of the makers will face a lot of market capital pressure and can only follow the trend
at present, there are several companies in the whole instry that can support short selling, such as fire coin, China bitcoin and okcoin, which also aggravates the dection process
of course, I am still very optimistic about the long-term development of bitcoin, but I really can't see how to break the current deadlock. The purpose of this article is to provide some personal opinions for the majority of small businesses. Maybe you are more in-depth and complete than I think, but finance is nothing more than that

4.

In the discussion of blockchain, bitcoin and other digital currencies, we often hear the word "bifurcation". So what is bifurcation? What is the effect of bifurcation

blockchain

before talking about bifurcation, popularize a little knowledge of blockchain, so as to help us understand what bifurcation is more easily (if you don't have any concept of blockchain, please read my previous articles, which are all popular words to help you understand what blockchain is)

blockchain, as the name suggests, is a chain composed of blocks. Of course, this kind of chain is just a figurative metaphor. To put it bluntly, data blocks are connected orderly. In bitcoin, the transaction records of bitcoin are stored in the block. The size of the block and the space occupied by the transaction records determine how many transactions can be stored in a block. These transaction records are packaged into blocks, and then the blocks are connected one by one to form a blockchain

We know that bitcoin software, like other software, needs to be updated and modified regularly in order to make it better. So a new version will appear, but not everyone will download the new version, so one miner will run the old version, and some will run the new version. If the old and new versions are not compatible, the blockchain will bifurcate. Because there may be differences between the version blocks and the old version blocks, they cannot be connected to the same blockchain, so there will be two or even more chains, which is called bifurcation

soft forking

soft forking refers to that when the new consensus rules are released, nodes that have not been upgraded will proce illegal blocks because they do not know the new consensus rules, resulting in temporary forking. This kind of bifurcation will be graally repaired with the upgrading of nodes

hard fork

hard fork refers to the permanent divergence of the blockchain. After the release of the new consensus rules, some nodes that have not been upgraded cannot verify the blocks proced by the upgraded nodes, and usually hard fork occurs. Therefore, in the field of digital currency, hard bifurcation often leads to the emergence of new currencies. For example, the hard bifurcation of Ethereum led to the emergence of eth

What is bifurcation? What is bitcoin bifurcation

5.

On January 3, 2009, the first batch of 50 bitcoins were g up on a small server in Finland. On May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: programmer Laszlo hanyecz bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC. This transaction gave birth to the first fair exchange rate of bitcoin.

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Satoshi Nakamoto, a self styled Japanese American, is often translated by Japanese media as the founder of bitcoin protocol and its related software bitcoin QT, but his real identity is unknown. In 2008, Nakamoto published a paper called "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system", which describes an electronic currency and its algorithm called "bitcoin"

In 2009, he released the first bitcoin software and officially launched the bitcoin financial system. In 2010, he graally faded out and handed over the project to other members of the bitcoin community. Nakamoto is believed to hold about one million bitcoins. These bitcoins were worth more than $1 billion at the end of 2013

since the publication of the paper, the real identity of Nakamoto has long been unknown to the outside world. Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, claims that Nakamoto is a cypherpunk. In addition, some people said that "Nakamoto is an anarchist. His original intention is not to control digital cryptocurrency by a certain government or central bank, but to become a global free flowing currency that is not regulated and controlled by the government."

main entry: bitcoin history

on November 1, 2008, Nakamoto published a paper entitled "bitcoin: a point-to-point e-cash system" in the cryptography mailing list of "metzdowd. Com". This paper describes in detail how to create a decentralized electronic trading system, and this system does not need to be built on the basis of mutual trust between the two parties. Soon, on January 3, 2009, he developed the first client program to implement the bitcoin algorithm, concted the first "mining" and obtained the first batch of 50 bitcoins. This also marks the formal birth of bitcoin financial system

on December 5, 2010, ring the WikiLeaks leak of US diplomatic cables, the bitcoin community appealed to WikiLeaks to accept bitcoin donations to break the financial blockade. Nakamoto expressed his firm opposition, saying that bitcoin is still in its infancy and cannot afford conflicts and disputes. Seven days later, on December 12, he published his last article in the bitcoin forum, mentioning some minor problems in the latest version of the software. Then he did not show up and e-mail communication was graally terminated

6.

Bitcoin, English name bitcoin, is a digital currency based on blockchain technology, which is composed of a series of computer-generated complex codes. Like RMB's ￥ and US dollar's $, bitcoin has its own symbol, the "B" in the figure below

The inventor of

bitcoin is Nakamoto. Satoshi Nakamoto is the creator of bitcoin protocol and its related software bitcoin QT. In 2008, he published a paper called "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system", describing an electronic currency and its algorithm that he called "bitcoin"

In 2009, he released the first bitcoin software and officially launched the bitcoin financial system

In 2010, he graally faded out and handed over the project to other members of the bitcoin community

Nakamoto is believed to hold about one million bitcoins. If the price of each bitcoin was $2W, it was worth $20 billion at one time. So far, his true identity is still unknown to the outside world, that is to say, no one knows who Nakamoto is

bitcoin appeared after the global financial crisis in 2008. In fact, before that, many people have tried electronic currency, digital currency and virtual currency, but they have not succeeded. There are not only technical reasons, but also social environment and economic background reasons. To some extent, it was the 2008 financial crisis that gave birth to bitcoin

7. The definition of bitcoin in Chinese law:
according to the regulations on the administration of RMB, the proction and sale of token tickets are prohibited. Because there is no clear judicial interpretation of the definition of token ticket, if bitcoin is included in the "token ticket", the legal prospect of bitcoin in China will face uncertainty< On June 4, 2009, the notice of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce on strengthening the management of virtual currency in online games (Wen Shi Fa [2009] No. 20) stated that the scope of application of virtual currency in online games was defined for the first time, and a distinction was made between the current virtual currency in online games and the virtual props in games; At the same time, the notice said that the "notice" stipulates that enterprises engaged in related services must be approved before they can operate
in China, some Taobao stores have begun to accept the use of bitcoin, and the number of businesses will graally increase
in October 2013, the first bitcoin quarterly, one bit, was released
on October 15, 2013, the network accelerator service of the network announced its support for bitcoin
on October 26, 2013, btcmini reported that GBL was hacked
on October 31, 2013, Lei Teng, a famous Internet lawyer, proposed the event of "filing a case to investigate the closure of GBL bitcoin trading platform as soon as possible", analyzed the "value function" and "use function" of bitcoin, and bitcoin should be governed by relevant laws.

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9. What is bitcoin? What's the use of Internet? On the evening of the 12th, the computer blackmail worm named "eternal blue" broke out on a large scale in the world. It is said that "eternal blue" has spread to more than 100 countries, including Europe, the United States, China, etc. according to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1 million computers in the world, most of which are local area networks of universities and scientific research institutions. It is estimated that in the past 24 hours, about 150000 people have paid ransom to hackers through bitcoin trading platform. If this estimation is reliable, the amount of bitcoin that hackers have obtained is about 600 million yuan. If there is no accident, more people will pay ransom in the future. The amount of blackmail is estimated to be more than 10 billion! First of all, bitcoin does not belong to any country, indivial or organization. It is an uncontrolled and decentralized currency. Kun Peng made a search on it. In fact, bitcoin has been used as ransom in the early years. The method has not changed much. It's all encryption and blackmail. The person in charge of F-Secure, a network security company, once said that the encryption and blackmail software has become their biggest headache. Once the computer is infected, not only the hard disk drive is encrypted, but every file will be invaded. Although such incidents have emerged one after another in the past, it's only that they didn't have as much impact in the past as this one. Besides, people like to forget most, so they are not well known and it's normal. For example, around 2013, hackers began to extort bitcoin by illegally encrypting users' PC data and personal information. In 2014, an Australian executive was harassed by hackers after he paid $14000 worth of bitcoin ransom for malware under the pressure of online hackers. In 2015, hackers launched a third cyber attack on three Greek banks and demanded 20000 bitcoins (worth 7 million euros) as ransom from each of them. In 2015, the police department in tuxbury, Massachusetts, was attacked by hackers, resulting in the computer unable to log in. In order to prevent the loss of important data, the police station finally paid 500 bitcoin "ransom" as required by hackers. In 2016, a hacker hijacked the network of the Hollywood Presbyterian Memorial Medical Center through software, paralyzing the operation of the hospital. The hospital decided to pay 40 bitcoins, equivalent to about 17000 US dollars, as a "ransom" to the hacker Kunpeng believes that hackers choose bitcoin mainly because it has the characteristics of decentralization, globalization and anonymity like the Internet. Transferring bitcoin to the other side of the earth is as simple, low-cost and unlimited as sending e-mail. Bitcoin is therefore used in cross-border trade, payment, remittance and other fields. Moreover, bitcoin can be used to cash, which can be converted into the currency of most countries. Bitcoin investors generally believe that the reason why hackers choose bitcoin to pay ransom is that bitcoin not only has advantages over other traditional payment tools, but also is the best choice among other virtual currencies. Firstly, bitcoin has certain anonymity, which is convenient for hackers to hide their identities; Secondly, it is not subject to geographical restrictions and can collect money on a global scale; At the same time, bitcoin also has the characteristics of "decentralization", which allows hackers to automatically process the ransom of victims through programs. With the technical support of the network, the manufacture and issuance of bitcoin are not based on the trust of the central issuing institution, and the operations such as transfer and other transactions do not even need names. That is to say, to collect money with bitcoin, you don't need to open an account in the real name of a financial institution, and you don't need to go through any third-party institutions, such as the third-party payment that we use most at present. You just need to download and register an independent bitcoin wallet. If what the criminal extorts this time is not bitcoin, US dollars or other currencies, and what the criminal gives is not a bitcoin wallet address, but a collection account of a bank, the hacker may have been locked or arrested before receiving the money. Now you know, anyway, I don't need bitcoin. Please pay more attention

10. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it.