Bitcoin confirmation25
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
2 FORTRAN 95 programming, written by Peng Guolun
3 Introction to FORTRAN 77 and 90 / 95 programming, written by Ding Zejun
4. Out of control: the new biology of machines, society and economy
5. Necessity, written by Kevin Kelly, mentions 12 inevitable trends in the next 20 years
6. Master bitcoin, this book will provide you with the necessary knowledge to guide you into the bitcoin world
7. blockchain revolution, written by don Tapscott and Alex Tapscott, tells how the underlying technology of bitcoin has changed money, business and the world
8. Blueprint and guide of blockchain new economy, written by Melanie Swann
9. Blockchain: the concept of quantum wealth, written by Han Feng / Zhang Xiaomei
10. Logic of finance, The author is Chen Zhiwu. The work starts from the cultural and institutional genes of wealth in simple terms, so as to tell readers what the logic of finance is
related books include principles of economics, blockchain: technology driven finance, blockchain Revolution: how bitcoin's underlying technology can change money Business and the world, blockchain technology guide, illustrated blockchain, how blockchain will redefine the world, digital currency: bitcoin data reporting and operation guide, blockchain: from digital currency to credit society, intelligent age, etc. to be honest, blockchain is still a hot resource. It's mainly about judgment (whether it's valuable) and action (to get in early)
recommends a block chain related APP, called golden finance, recommends a public official account, called "Xiao Ke online". The article is rich in materials;
the future of bitcoin is still uncertain, so it is recommended that you do not set foot in it easily.
From the current technology, the next bitcoin in the bitcoin data structure can be divided into 8 decimal places, so the minimum unit of bitcoin is 0.00000001btc, but the transaction can not be so small
according to the statistics of bitbao, at present, the common minimum trading unit of bitcoin trading platform in China is 0.01btc, so the 0.0001 proposed by the owner is not available for sale< br />
now trading makes money quickly. Go to bitcoin China and other platforms to trade. Search btc123. It's very comprehensive here.
and it's not necessarily 25 coins every 10 minutes. The generation speed will be slower and slower, until 21 million bitcoins are g out, there will be no new coins. When the time comes, the miners can only make money from the service charges voluntarily paid by some people.
Let's talk about why we are not afraid of deception, because every mine or mining must have a leader, right? So you will be given the appropriate currency every day when you sign in or answer questions. For example, if you sign in, you will get 0.4 answers and you will get 0.08 answers. Generally, they will increase the value of currency. If you have two handsets or one mobile phone, you can download and register two mobile phones every day, which is about 1 Ordinary fake mining with indivial coin usually costs about 10 yuan or more, so now I'm going to analyze why you're not afraid of his scam
< UL >you can start with the coin every day, generally you can sell yourself with an active value. If you sell a coin in three days, it's about 10 yuan. If you sell two mobile phones, it's more than 20 yuan in three days, that's 7 yuan in a day, and there are so many scams You can add a few more mining areas, right? Anyway, sell them in time. Do you still care if they are harvested
it's a scam that I've worked hard to develop for a long time. As a result, I just have a big income and the platform has run away, so it can't be generalized. It depends on how you judge it.
if it's all such scams, I like them very much, because I have three mobile phones and 10 such platforms a day. It's 70 yuan a day. Anyway, it doesn't take much time. In fact, it depends on you How to deal with my group, you can roll it together
(Liu Jiuliu's meaning) of course, Xiao still has to identify the feasibility of some
< / UL > by himselfBitcoin China said that after the withdrawal was closed at 12:00 noon on October 30, the platform may stop the online withdrawal service. According to the anti money laundering law and other relevant laws and the risk control management requirements of our company, users need to complete video authentication when withdrawing money, and may need to provide more information. Please understand and actively cooperate
previously, bitcoin China claimed to implement the spirit of the announcement on preventing the financing risk of RMB issuing issued by the people's Bank of China and other seven ministries and commissions on September 4, and actively respond to the national supervision. Bitcoin China has closed the digital assets and RMB recharge function at 12:00 noon on September 27, Beijing time, and stopped all trading business at 12:00 noon on September 30
On December 17, last year, according to the bitcoin platform cex.io, bitcoin's US dollar quotation broke through the US $20000 mark for the first time, reaching a new record. The quotations of several major bitcoin trading platforms overseas also approached the US $20000 mark at the same time. However, the price of bitcoin fell below US $14000 on December 22 e to the theft of 60000 bitcoins on Ukrainian exchange liqui on December 21 and hacker attacks on some trading platforms
for the current round of decline. Some analysts believe that it is e to South Korea's regulatory policy. On January 11, according to foreign media reports, South Korea's Ministry of justice was preparing legislation to pave the way for the complete closure of domestic exchanges. On January 10, bithumb and coinone, two South Korean exchanges, were raided by the IRS, which was also seen as verifying whether there were tax evasion and financial transactions on the exchanges. On January 8, the chairman of the South Korean Financial Services Commission said at a news conference that he was concting a joint inspection with the South Korean Financial Supervision Institute on six banks providing cryptocurrency account services to verify the anti money laundering regulations previously formulated and the implementation of real name system measures for relevant accounts