The earliest appearance of bitcoin Wallet
It was officially born on January 3, 2009
since 2015, the future of bitcoin has become more and more uncertain. On the one hand, bitcoin fell as much as 55.55% against RMB last year; In 2015, bitcoin fell by more than 30% against the RMB in the first half of January alone
bitcoin's "falling" reflects the "self-healing" of its value after "fanaticism" to a certain extent. According to statistics, in 2013, bitcoin rose from 1 ∶ 13.59 to 1 ∶ 731, with an annual increase of 5300%. This speculative driven inflation has affected the virtual currency property on which bitcoin relies
on the one hand, no country has defined it as a legal currency. On the other hand, in 2014, the US dollar rose significantly, and the prices of oil and bulk commodities fell correspondingly. The price trend of bitcoin is the same as that of the latter, becoming part of the asset allocation of some speculators, which highlights that its asset attribute is far greater than the monetary attribute
extended data
Security and credit risk have also become the reasons for the decline of investor confidence. Mt. GOx, once the world's largest bitcoin exchange, claimed in March last year that it had lost all its assets e to hacker attacks. Recently, it was revealed that its lost bitcoin was probably e to internal system manipulation
the regulatory environment of bitcoin is not optimistic, and Russia, Thailand and other countries have begun to implement strict control on it. In addition, the global stock market performed well last year, resulting in the diversion of bitcoin investment funds, and the crazy "mining" activities also rapidly increased the supply of bitcoin, which may lead to a trend of oversupply in the short term, leading to a sharp drop in the price of bitcoin
Bitcoin was born in 2009, and it has entered China since it appeared
extended information:
bitcoin:
bitcoin can be used to cash and can be converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
generation principle:
starting from the essence of bitcoin, the essence of bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique. In the metaphor of RMB, bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number of a note, you have the note. The process of mining is to constantly seek the special solution of this equation system through a huge amount of calculation. This equation system is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of bitcoin is 21 million
source: bitcoin
on January 3, 2009, Nakamoto g up the first batch of 50 bitcoins on a small server in Helsinki, Finland
on May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: Laszlo hanyecz, a Florida programmer, bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC
on July 16, 2010, the price of BTC rose by US $0.08 from US $0.008. The first sharp price fluctuation shows the rise of new things
on July 17, 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established
on November 6, 2010, the price on mtgox reached $0.5, and the bitcoin economy reached $1 million
on December 7, 2010, the first portable device to portable device transaction was realized on Nokia 900, with a transaction volume of 0.42btc
on February 9, 2011, the price reached US $1 for the first time, which is equivalent to US $1. The news that BTC is equivalent to us dollar has been widely reported by the media, which has aroused people's great attention, and the number of new users has increased greatly. In the next two months, bitcoin and pound sterling, Brazilian currency, Polish currency exchange trading platform has opened
on March 18, 2011, the BTC / USD exchange rate hit a seven week low, falling to US $0.7
on August 20, 2011, the first bitcoin conference and World Expo were held in New York. Among Google trend counties, bitcoin's attention reached a new high, with a price of $11 at that time
on November 14, 2011, the price of bitcoin hit a new half year low of $1.99
on September 15, 2012, the bitcoin conference was held in London. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $11.8
on September 27, 2012, bitcoin fund was founded, and the price of bitcoin was $12.46
on November 25, 2012, the first bitcoin conference in Europe was held in Prague, Czech Republic. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $12.6
on February 19, 2013, bitcoin client v8.0 was released. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $28.66
on April 10, 2013, BTC set a record high price of $110
on May 9, 2013, BTC Chinese, the largest bitcoin reporting website www.sosobtc.com The company obtained the investment fund Union Square's US $5 million round a investment, and the price of bitcoin was US $112.09 at this time< On May 28, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security banned the virtual currency service of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican exchange company, for its suspected xiqian and unlicensed fund transfer business, U.S. prosecutors said that this will become the largest international xiqian lawsuit in history, with the scale of absorbing money reaching 6 billion US dollars. A large number of users, including China, will lose all their money. At this time, the price of bitcoin is 128 US dollars
in June 2013, Netcom said that the United States will withdraw from qe3, deflationary bitcoin and quantitative easing monetary policy, which are the relationship between the two
on June 27, 2013, the German Conference made a decision: holding bitcoin for more than one year will be tax-free, which is considered by the instry to recognize the legal status of bitcoin. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $102.24
on June 28, 2013, mtgox obtained the monetary service license issued by the financial crime enforcement network office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Transaction standardization may mean that bitcoin is on the right track, government risk is reced, and its pace of integration into the display economy will be accelerated. At the same time, it will play an exemplary role in other virtual currencies. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $97.99
on November 28, 2013, the bitcoin trading price of Mt. GOx, a popular bitcoin exchange, broke through $1000, reaching a record high of $1073
on November 29, 2013, the trading price of bitcoin on Mt. GOx, a popular exchange, hit a record high of US $1242, while the price of gold was US $1241.98 an ounce, surpassing that of gold for the first time.
a person signed by Nakamoto Tsui has put forward a revolutionary idea: let's create a currency that is not controlled by the government or anyone else! This idea is crazy: there is no asset support behind a string of figures, and no one is responsible for it. How can anyone accept it when you pay it to the other party as money
Merkle tree
looks like a binary tree, but this is the lower two nodes. Take the hash value to get the upper node. Just remember the root node to detect whether the whole tree has been tampered
the root hash value is stored in the block header, and the transaction process is stored in the block body. All nodes include block header and block body, but light nodes (such as bitcoin wallets on mobile phones) only include block header. This tree can prove that a transaction has been written into the blockchain
3. Consensus agreement
two issues should be paid attention to in decentralized currency:
1. Who can issue digital currency: mining
2. How to verify the legitimacy of transactions: blockchain
double spending attack
double spending attack is a major challenge of digital currency
all transactions in bitcoin have input and output. Where does bitcoin come from and where does it go
under normal circumstances, there may be two bifurcations, because two nodes obtain the bookkeeping right at the same time, and the two nodes package the block and calculate the random number at the same time. At this time, the two bifurcations will coexist temporarily until one of the blocks finds the next block first, which becomes the longest legal chain, and the other one is discarded<
Sybil attack
a malicious node keeps generating accounts. If the total number of accounts exceeds half of the total accounts, it obtains the control of the blockchain
consensus protocol in bitcoin
some nodes are malicious, and most nodes are good
idea 1: pack some transactions into blocks as candidate blocks, let each block vote, and write them into the blockchain if they pass
No, because some malicious nodes have been publishing blocks containing malicious transactions, and they have been voting and occupying resources. And some nodes don't vote<
idea 2: vote not by the number of accounts, but by computing power. Each node can generate legal transactions and put them into the block. These nodes start to try random numbers until H (block header) ≤ target is found, then this node has the right to account
the only way to generate bitcoin
coinbase transaction. There is no need to point out the source of the currency. If you have the bookkeeping right, you will get a reward< br />
50BTC-> 25BTC-> 12.5btc, the reward will be halved for every 210000 bitcoins
the process of bitcoin competing for bookkeeping rights is called mining. The node competing for bookkeeping right is called miner.
generally speaking, the historical data of bitcoin wallet includes all the historical information about bitcoin transactions; But for indivials, they generally only need to download historical data related to their bitcoin
now there are more bitcoin wallets in the form of online wallets; Indivial users only need to register their account information to manage their wallets. In this way, indivial users basically do not need to consider the historical data of bitcoin wallet.
on November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research statement on a secret cryptography review group, stating his new idea of electronic currency bitcoin came out, and the first transaction of bitcoin was completed. Bitcoin has got rid of the constraints of third-party institutions with the help of information technology, which Nakamoto calls "regional chain". Users are willing to dedicate the computing power of CPU and run a special software to be a "digger", which will form a network to maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they also generate new money. Trading also extends on this network. The computer running this software can solve the problem of irreversible code, which contains several trading data. The first miner to deal with the problem will get a 50 bitcoin reward, and the relevant trading area will join the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, the difficulty of each puzzle also increases, which keeps the proctivity of bitcoin in each trading area at about 10 minutes
bitcoin was originally a kind of network virtual currency, similar to Tencent's q-coin, but it has been able to buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar. In China, on November 19, 2013, a bitcoin was equivalent to 6989 yuan
starting from the essence of bitcoin, the essence of bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique. In the metaphor of RMB, bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number of a note, you have the note. The process of mining is to constantly seek the special solution of this equation system through a huge amount of calculation. This equation system is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of bitcoin is 21 million
on January 7, 2014, Taobao announced that it would ban the sale of Internet virtual currencies such as bitcoin and lightcoin from January 14. On February 26, 2014, Democratic Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the US federal government, hoping that relevant institutions would pay attention to the current situation of bitcoin encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
recently, the news of bitcoin's soaring price appeared on the news, and it began to attract people's attention again!