Bitcoin network storm

1. Because bitcoin is legal in China, the central bank defines it as a special Internet commodity. Zhou Xiaochuan, the governor of the central bank, believes that bitcoin, like stamps, is a tradable asset. Bitcoin home has a full text interpretation. If the dispute caused by the station closing does not involve fraud or cannot be proved to be fraud, it can be solved through negotiation, and the victim's fund can be returned and the corresponding compensation can be made. If there is evidence to show that this is indeed fraud, the consequences will be serious. If the amount is especially huge or there are other especially serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or be sentenced to confiscation of property More than 500000 is a huge amount.

2.

Recently, a kind of malicious software that locks up computers is spreading rapidly all over the world. At present, tens of thousands of computers in nearly 100 countries and regions have been attacked. The hackers locked the files in the computer and demanded to pay the equivalent of $300 in bitcoin to unlock the files“ "Bitcoin virus", a virus sweeping the world, suddenly brushed the screen last night. A number of campus networks in Zhejiang Province have encountered similar attacks. Among them, bitcoin, as one of the new payment means, is used by hackers as a payment tool for blackmail

after the regulatory storm in January and February and the big rise and fall behind, bitcoin once again appeared a wave of sluggish market in March: from about 8000 to less than 7000. However, since then, bitcoin ushered in a wave of soaring prices

according to the currency bank's market, the "bull market" of bitcoin started in April. From the price of one bitcoin to 7000 yuan in early April, it rocketed through the threshold of 10000 yuan to one bitcoin

on May 10, the market software showed that the price of bitcoin successfully broke through the 10000 mark, up to 10245. However, since February this year, when the domestic regulatory authorities asked to suspend the withdrawal of bitcoin, there has been a "price gap" between the domestic and foreign bitcoin prices: the foreign bitcoin price was as high as US $1779 / piece, equivalent to about RMB 12275 / piece, and there is a gap of about 2000 yuan between the domestic and foreign bitcoin prices

behind the sharp rise in prices, there is a sharp fall in trading volume. According to public data, the trading volume of fire coin on May 9 was less than 15000 pieces, 40% less than the previous peak day, and 0.3% of the single day trading volume when it reached a new high on January 5 at the beginning of the year

3.

at present, the vast majority of digital currency transactions are concted in exchanges. Among the numerous exchanges, bitfinex, binance, okex and so on are well-known

However, bitcoin and other digital currencies, as decentralized assets, have to be traded in a centralized exchange, which seems to have hidden contradictions and dangers

1. Problems and challenges of stock exchanges=“ //www.yuanxue365.com/en/img_fd039245d688d43fdf16c83b761ed21b0ff43bbf ">

in February 2014, Mt. GOx, the world's largest bitcoin exchange at that time, was stolen 850000 bitcoins, and the price of bitcoin suffered a" cliff "crash on that day. Later, it was revealed that Mt. GOx was in fact a thief, and only 7000 bitcoins were actually stolen

in August 2016, bitfinex, the largest U.S. dollar bitcoin trading platform, suffered a security vulnerability, resulting in the theft of 120000 bitcoins, which was worth $65 million at that time. If converted into the price in December 2017, it would be worth nearly $2 billion

on December 19, 2017, South Korea's youbit exchange was attacked by hackers and lost 4000 bitcoins, and the exchange declared bankruptcy

on December 21, 2017, the Ukrainian liqui exchange was stolen 60000 bitcoins, and the unit price of bitcoin plummeted by US $2000

in 2018, such a drama will only continue

in addition to the threat of hackers, traditional exchanges also have some inherent shortcomings, such as lack of supervision and inefficiency. The security of the exchange for investors can only rely on its own credit, and the cost of running is very low. The stock exchange is regulated at the national level, but there is no such sword of Damocles on the top of the digital currency exchange. Moreover, in an exchange, the same order can only be submitted to one exchange. After the user places an order, the funds used for the transaction will be frozen and can only wait for the completion or cancellation of the transaction. These are undoubtedly inefficient

All in all, the problems of exchanges are the problems of centralization

2. Decentralization of exchanges=“ //www.yuanxue365.com/en/img_86d6277f9e2f070889a173c9e224b899a801f257 ">

(1) the progress of the exchange itself

the upgrade of security means is various. At present, the best use is cold wallet, that is, to keep the digital currency in the offline U disk. At the end of 2017, when the YouTube exchange was attacked, 75% of its assets were withdrawn into the cold purse in time to avoid greater losses. However, it seems to be a helpless way to protect the online assets by offline means. Of course, there should be many other methods, which will not be repeated here

(2) the representative of cross ledger transaction is ripple network, and the operating company is ripple labs, which is a semi centralized system. Ripple is a decentralized clearing agreement. In order to solve the high cost and delay of inter-bank clearing, its base currency is XRP. Ripple network can connect all kinds of assets, such as US dollar, RMB, Japanese yen, bitcoin, etc. to its own network. In this system, U.S. dollars or bitcoin can be converted into reborn currency, and then reborn currency can circulate freely in the network, just as a highway is built between various assets. Due to the support of major banking institutions, the reborn currency achieved nearly 300 times growth in 2017

(3) decentralized exchange

some teams try to use blockchain technology to build a decentralized exchange. This kind of decentralized exchange, to some extent, is an extension of cross ledger trading

bitshares is the most representative of early rising projects. It builds a blockchain development platform with servers scattered all over the world. Even if some of them are attacked, the system will not collapse. Anyone can transfer money and borrow money freely on this platform, and can also quickly build a centralized exchange based on this platform. In order to ensure stable value, bitstocks also require three times of digital assets as collateral. At present, bitstocks are running fairly well

later, with the development of Ethereum and smart contract, the x x protocol came into being. This is an open protocol running in the Ethereum blockchain and a decentralized exchange in the Ethereum ecosystem. The agreement has attracted many investors. At present, it has completed financing and started to build open source software tools and infrastructure. Of course, there are many competitors. Ether Delta, IDEX and oasis DEX are trying to provide similar functions. Moreover, it is a smart contract system based on Ethereum, which only supports erc20 token. If other smart contract public chains start to rise, the demand will be reced

in addition, there are some teams that are entering, such as the domestic road seal agreement, looping (LRC) in English. They adopted a design similar to the X protocol, and also introced a fast payment function similar to the lightning network. It is characterized by trying to match multiple exchanges, the user's order can be broadcast to multiple exchanges, and completed by different exchanges. Moreover, the user can still use the account funds after placing an order, and the user's behavior of transferring part or all of the funds is equivalent to partial or total cancellation. To some extent, it improves the breadth and timeliness of the transaction. However, this system seems to have damaged the "power" of the existing exchanges. Whether we can persuade everyone to play together will be a difficult problem

At present, there is still a long way to go for the construction of decentralized exchange. In 3-5 years, traditional exchange will still be the main battlefield of digital currency

However, in the future, it is worth looking forward to let the decentralized digital currency get rid of the shackles of centralization

4. So far, no one can guarantee the value of bitcoin. Bitcoin is a virtual currency without any actual credit support. Its real value lies in that when everyone believes in it, it is worth money. When everyone does not believe in it, it is worthless
of course, its selling point is to speculate that there is no inflation. However, a limited number of currencies is not absolutely inflation free, because the original price can rise or fall arbitrarily when people's confidence can not be guaranteed. This means that inflation can be as difficult to control as any currency
when gold has no monetary function, it can at least retain the functional value of ornament and metal, and then it can become a real currency again through value exchange in any society with money
however, any virtual currency in the form of pure credit, whether it is paper money of a certain country or the so-called electronic currency, must have an equal amount of real wealth value injection before it can start to obtain the real form of credit guarantee and value, and then it can have the real credit value. Any so-called credit currency that lacks this process of injecting value and obtains guarantee is zero credit currency
as long as bitcoin does not have any social entity with economic credit (such as a government) to inject real value and make formal guarantee for it, it will always be just a nominal currency with legal credit equal to 0. Any country can take this form of electronic currency to improve the function of currency counterfeiting and other management functions, but this pure electronic currency itself can not be separated from the attributes and forms of a credit currency itself. For example, US dollar or RMB can be issued and managed in the form of this kind of electronic currency, However, this does not mean that the US dollar and RMB itself can be separated from an actual form of credit guarantee and valuation process to become truly valuable currencies
any certain amount of money can be diluted and decentralized by a larger number of other "nominal money with no equal wealth value" and suffer devaluation. For example, the central bank issues money to the market for use out of thin air; On the other hand, the dominant value of any fixed amount of credit money can also change when its real wealth assignment changes. When it is abandoned by the original credit supporters, the credit right of its real wealth value will also end. For example, a country whose economic expenditure is basically bankrupt, Even if the amount of money is fixed, it will fall to the bottom, because the money itself has lost the control of the original normal amount of wealth. However, when a currency has not been assigned a value by a formal political entity in the legal form and process, its value can only be empty
the above points are only for some mentally retarded people who may fall into financial fraud. I hope that those who don't understand will not participate in speculation and avoid losses. As for the specific financial knowledge, many experts actually understand that bitcoin, as a form of credit currency, is a relatively new electronic currency. Many people want to observe what specific reactions it will have in the actual actions of the society. On the contrary, it has not aroused much vigilance for its possible adverse effects
reference: bitcoin: so far = empty credit currency
hope to adopt

5. Bitcoin receives payments almost instantaneously. However, there is an average delay of 10 minutes before the network starts adding your transaction to a block to confirm the transaction and that you can use the received bitcoin. Confirmation means that there is a consensus on the Internet that the bitcoin you receive is not used to pay others, so it is recognized as your property. Once your transaction is included in one block, all subsequent blocks will include it, which will greatly consolidate this consensus and rece the risk of transaction cancellation. Each user can determine the time when the transaction is confirmed, but generally speaking, receiving six confirmations is as safe as waiting six months after a credit card transaction
only full node clients like bitcoin core need longer synchronization time. Technically, synchronization is a process of downloading and verifying all previous bitcoin transactions on the network. Some bitcoin clients need to know all previous transactions to calculate the available balance of your bitcoin wallet and complete new transactions. This step consumes a lot of resources and needs enough bandwidth and space to store the whole block chain. In order to maintain the security of bitcoin, enough users need to use the full node client, because they play the role of confirmation and relay transactions.

6. 1. Install a computer manager
2, and then use the computer manager toolbox to fix the vulnerability
3. Just use this tool to fix the vulnerability

7. I accept three or four sets of RMB. Five sets can be exchanged at the bank now. The main purpose is to take photos of whether three or four sets of RMB are complete.

8. There is a dcpro, which is very large, and many people agree with it

9. Bitcoin is a kind of point-to-point digital currency, while Gehua coin is a kind of currency in Gehua chain routing ecology. Both of them need to be obtained by mining. They can both increase in value and become more and more difficult to dig over time. You can't afford bitcoin now, and Gehua chain routing is developed based on the underlying blockchain technology of bitcoin. It's easier to mine in the early stage. Gehua chain route is still in pre-sale, appointment code can be bought, but appointment code is not easy to buy, all robbed, price speculation to one or two hundred, only wait for the second batch.