TPS of BTC

1. Compared with BCH and BSV, lightning bitcoin LBTC is also derived from bitcoin, and its original intention is to solve some shortcomings and defects of bitcoin itself. However, the biggest difference of LBTC is that it adopts dpos consensus mechanism instead of pow consensus mechanism. The most significant advantages of LBTC are as follows:

first, it greatly improves performance, As we all know, the number of transfers per second of bitcoin, that is, TPS, is only about 7, and other bitcoin forked coins using POW consensus mechanism are almost the same. The theoretical value of TPS of LBTC can reach 2800, and the current actual level can reach more than 1000, and the performance has been improved by several orders of magnitude. The slogan "fast as lightning" is by no means empty words. If you are interested, you can download a wallet from the official website of LBTC or Cobo to experience it

Second, it greatly reces the energy consumption and participation threshold. As we all know, the high energy consumption caused by POW mining represented by bitcoin has been criticized by the outside world. At the same time, because mining has already become a heavy asset instry, mining machinery, mining and other fields have been monopolized by a few big players, ordinary small and medium-sized investors and new manufacturers have little room to survive, It has formed a situation in which the strong are always strong. However, POS / dpos currencies only need ordinary PCs or even mobile phones to run wallets and stack, so as to obtain revenue

thirdly, it introces chain governance, which achieves a good balance between democracy and efficiency. At the same time, it encourages users to actively participate in community affairs through voting and staging mechanism. In the world of pow, power is power, simple and crude; In the world of POS, those who hold more money will have more right to speak and gain

in the world of dpos, it is not simply to see who holds more money. At the same time, it needs the extensive support of the community to exercise power on behalf of the community. At the same time, the majority of small and medium-sized users also have the opportunity to launch motions, express their demands, and participate in decision-making

because bitcoin has carried too many interests, we are very cautious about any improvement of bitcoin, and the pace is very slow, which leads to the division of the community and the proction of many forked coins. However, in fact, compared with bitcoin, the improvements made by BCH and BSV are quite limited, so the improvement in all aspects is also very limited

therefore, if you take a closer look at LBTC, you will find that it is actually a very interesting bitcoin fork coin. I think it is a very bold and imaginative experiment based on bitcoin. If lightcoin has been used as a testing ground for new technologies and new ideas for bitcoin in many cases, LBTC can be regarded as a testing ground for bitcoin with greater and more thorough changes

just mentioned, one of the biggest obstacles in the promotion and use of bitcoin is that TPS is too low to carry high-frequency transactions. Compared with bitcoin and some well-known bifurcated currencies such as BCH and BSV, the performance of LBTC is improved by several orders of magnitude, and the actual TPS can reach more than 1000

increasing TPS can rece verification time, but it will inevitably sacrifice security or decentralization. If TPS increases blindly, blockchain will completely sacrifice "decentralization". At the same time, the requirements on the miner's machine configuration will be more stringent. If it can not upload the transaction in time, it will proce more unfinished transactions, and the hidden danger will be greater. Although EOS uses 21 super nodes to achieve high efficiency, it also sacrifices some "decentralization" and security, and introces potential risks such as DDoS

in the past two years, many public chain projects blindly pursue high TPS, and often claim to have achieved tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands or even millions of TPS. In order to improve TPS, some project parties buy millions of equipment to test in a laboratory, which only plays a PR effect or amuses themselves. Such a high TPS is meaningless. Even if it can reach or close to such a number, for the current market demand, it also belongs to excess performance, which is bound to cause unnecessary waste of resources

according to the calculation of relevant research institutions, even if the public chain processes 100 million transactions every day, thousand level TPS is enough. It's worth noting that the TPS of Libra, which is to be launched by Facebook, is also around 1000. You should know that Facebook has as many as 2.7 billion users in the world, which should be determined by them after careful consideration

this means that LBTC's TPS can meet the needs of processing 100 million transactions per day, which is quite pragmatic and can fully meet the needs of global users in the next few years. Moreover, LBTC also has a high degree of scalability. With the further improvement of global Internet infrastructure, the performance of LBTC will continue to improve. It can be said that the current LBTC has found a good balance in the "Impossible Triangle" of efficiency, security and decentralization

in the view of many bitcoin fundamentalists, only the pow path chosen by Nakamoto is the only right way. POW consensus mechanism has experienced nearly 10 years of stable operation and continuous market test, and dpos has been more than 6 years since its birth. So how about doing an experiment to see what wonderful chemical reactions can be proced by combining bitcoin with dpos

if this dpos version of bitcoin can also withstand the continuous test of 10 years, will we still insist that only POW is the only right way for bitcoin? Of course, we don't have a definite answer to this question. Time will tell

although I also claim to be a believer of bitcoin, I think the existence of LBTC is very meaningful. This significance does not mean to replace bitcoin, or like some fans of other forked coins, I think that only the branch I support is the real bitcoin, but to explore more and wider possibilities in technology and form a useful supplement to bitcoin.

2. TPS, a popular definition, is "throughput of the system". A professional explanation is "the number of services that the system can handle per second". It is estimated that most people's understanding is over. However, this is a very superficial understanding, which is almost meaningless to the deception and the value of verification, and even has negative effects! Now there are some technologies to improve TPS, such as side chain technology and fragmentation technology. I'm Xiaoju, focusing on the blockchain field

3. In the terminology, it is explained that TPS is the number of transactions per second, but the transaction depends on the virtual user. If a virtual user completes one transaction in one second, TPS is obviously 1; If the response time of a service is 1ms, then a user can complete 1000 transactions in one second, and TPS is 1000; If the response time of a service is 1 s, then a user can only complete one transaction in 1 second. To achieve 1000 TPS, at least 1000 users are required; Therefore, it can be said that one user can generate 1000tps, and 1000 users can also generate 1000tps, just depending on the response time.

4. Generally speaking, the reference value of tumor marker TPS fluctuates from zero to 150, with small fluctuation. However, it can only be used as a reference for patients with tumor, not that they must have tumor. Whether they have tumor or not depends on other aspects, such as blood test or other clinical symptoms. It is recommended to go to the hospital for comprehensive examination in time, In order to better treat.

5. TPS is the number of transactions processed per second. It is meaningless to take a single number without looking at the actual situation. 20000 eggs and 20000 golden eggs are not a concept at all. If it is static resource reading of HTTP protocol, 20000 TPS is the general performance of nginx of a medium configuration machine

6.

TPS: the abbreviation of transactions per second, that is, the number of transactions per second. It is the unit of measurement of software test results. A transaction is a process in which a client sends a request to the server and the server responds. The client starts timing when sending the request and ends timing after receiving the response from the server, so as to calculate the time used and the number of completed transactions

QPS: it is the abbreviation of queries per second, which means the query rate per second. It is the corresponding query times per second of a server, and it is the measure of the traffic handled by a specific query server in a specified time

Difference and understanding:

1. TPS refers to the number of transactions processed per second, including three processes: "user requests the server", "server's own internal processing" and "server returns to the user". It can complete n of these three processes per second, TPS is 3

QPS is basically similar to TPS, but the difference is that a visit to a page forms a TPS; However, a page request may generate multiple requests to the server, and the server can count these requests into the QPS

Generally, the performance of the evaluation system is measured by the number of technology transactions completed per second. The overall processing capacity of the system depends on the TPS value of the mole with the lowest processing capacity

QPS corresponds to fetches / sec, that is, the number of response requests per second, that is, the maximum throughput

7.

TPS signal mentioned in vehicle maintenance book is throttle position sensor signal. It is also used as auxiliary signal of air flow meter

the main function is to detect the opening and opening rate of throttle valve, convert the signal into voltage signal and send it to ECU as the main correction signal of injection pulse width, ignition timing, idle speed control and exhaust control

extended data:

detection method of throttle position sensor:

1. Check the power supply of the sensor. Open the throttle body connector E16, and use a multimeter to measure the voltage between E16 / 5 and E16 / 3, which should be 4.5 ~ 5.5V. Otherwise, check the ECU power supply circuit. If the ECU power supply circuit is normal, replace the ECU

Check the signal voltage of the sensor. Connect the fault diagnosis instrument, turn on the ignition switch, step on the accelerator pedal, and read the throttle position sensor data vta1 and vta2. The values should meet the following table

Check the sensor harness and connector. Disconnect the throttle body connector E16 and engine control unit ECM connector E81, and check the resistance between connectors or between connectors and body ground as shown in the table below. The resistance value should be as shown in the table. If not, replace or check the harness

8. Toyota has cultivated its own competitors, but it also shows that Toyota people are confident that they will not be surpassed by their competitors. TPS was introced into China as early as 1981, but after many lectures and on-site guidance from experts of Toyota Motor Company, and after Chinese enterprises sent personnel to Toyota to study, how many Chinese enterprises have TPS been thoroughly implemented, and what achievements have it made? According to reports, Changchun FAW once sent a 40 member delegation to inspect Toyota's TPS in the early 1980s. After learning for half a year, it implemented TPS in FAW's branch plants and achieved some results. In addition, the lean proction of Hubei Dongfeng Automobile Company and Shanghai Yichu motorcycle factory has achieved good results. However, these manufacturers have the problem of how to further develop TPS. Some other domestic enterprises have tried TPS, but failed. Toyota's evaluation of TPS implementation in Chinese enterprises is even more disappointing. In 2000, ring my visit to Japan, the author interviewed Hiromi Saito of Toyota proction investigation department, but he could not even cite a successful case of TPS implemented by a Chinese enterprise. At the end of the same year, Lin Nanba, the direct descendant of TPS and director of Toyota Motor Company and director of proction investigation, who came to China for a visit, cited only one successful case of TPS implementation in China - Chuanjing Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., a VCD component manufacturer. Contrary to the fate of TPS in China, TPS shows great vitality in the United States. General Motors learned TPS from its joint venture with Toyota in California, Lecker said; Ford Motor Company g people from Toyota enterprises in the United States to make the Ford version of TPS; Chrysler learns from Ford; Delphi, the world's largest auto parts manufacturer, has also implemented TPS. The results are amazing, and there are certainly some cases of failure. What is gratifying is that Lecker also cited a successful case of TPS implemented by a Chinese enterprise Shanghai GM. TPS has no nationality. Lin Nanba's answer is very simple: TPS has no nationality. For example, he visited Delphi's plant in Poland, where he did not receive Toyota's guidance, but implemented TPS very thoroughly. The level of TPS implementation was amazing - the on-site managers could answer any tricky questions. Saito believes that compared with TPS overseas, it seems to be the most difficult to implement TPS in local companies. Because people always think that they are all from their own families and know themselves too well. There is no need for others to say that they are most likely to be rebellious and not easy to accept supervision; The situation of overseas enterprises is that foreign monks are fond of chanting scriptures. Under the pressure of survival, local people are often very willing to learn new experiences from abroad. Based on his three years of experience in the UK, he concluded that the British accept TPS no less than the Japanese. Moreover, the British in some parts enterprises are more skillful than the Japanese in using TPS, and realize the self-worth of British traditional cultural standards. Lecker's message is more optimistic. He believes that in a broad sense, culture does not constitute an obstacle to the implementation of TPS. However, in terms of the speed of accepting TPS, people of different nationalities do have differences. In Shanghai GM, he found that Chinese people are more likely to accept TPS than Americans. The reason may be that Chinese people are more organized and disciplined than Americans, and strong organization and discipline are also characteristics of Japanese, which is very suitable for TPS. State owned enterprises and TPS? It is worth noting that the only Chinese enterprise listed by Lin Nanba that has successfully implemented TPS (Chuanjing electric company) is a joint venture, and the Shanghai GM listed by laiker is also a joint venture. What is the relationship between the implementation of TPS and the property rights of enterprises? The constant questioning of the system seems to make Mr. Lin Nanba very difficult. He said that we can't always entangle in the issue of system. The important thing is how to implement TPS in enterprises under the existing system. So, under the current system, how should state-owned enterprises implement TPS? Mr. Lin Nanba seems to have come to the spirit and talked about the importance of crisis awareness. He said: in the early 1950s, Toyota's business was in a bad state. Some workers and managers were dismissed, causing labor disputes and strikes. Toyota was in danger of being bought; Those who stay behind will never want to let the tragedy happen again, so TPS came into being. Therefore, he believes that TPS is the proct of crisis in a certain sense. He stressed that when there are more and more people in the company who think there is no problem, the situation is the most dangerous; In fact, there are wars and crises every day. Therefore, a strong sense of crisis is the premise of the implementation of TPS, and timely exposure of hidden problems or crises is the basic principle of TPS. While emphasizing the crisis consciousness, he especially emphasizes the crisis consciousness of the top management of the enterprise. His conclusion is that as long as the leaders of state-owned enterprises have a strong sense of crisis, they can implement TPS. Unfortunately, it has been many years since we instilled crisis awareness into the leaders of our state-owned enterprises, but the effect is not good. Therefore, Lin Nanba's conclusion itself has become a stubborn problem: how to force our state-owned enterprise leaders to have a strong sense of crisis? The further question is, if the leaders of our state-owned enterprises are appointed by the higher authorities, will their crisis awareness be more inclined to the survival of the enterprise itself, or will they be more inclined to carefully abide by the rules of the game in the officialdom, so that their operation and management will not go against the requirements of the higher authorities or violate the interests of a higher authority? If our leaders of state-owned enterprises are confident that the government will eventually come out to feed, transfuse and solve their difficulties, how much sense of crisis can they have? If our

9. Hello, it means throttle position sensor. I hope it can help you