Bitcoin encoding
Publish: 2021-05-13 07:57:43
1. In order to understand the technical principle of bitcoin, we need to understand two important cryptographic techniques: hash code: it converts a long string into a fixed length string, and its conversion is irreversible, that is, it is impossible to guess the original string from hash code. Sha256 is mainly used in bitcoin protocol
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
2. Sorry
you can't modify this
because this source code records the development process of bitcoin along the way, the problems encountered in the mining process and the mining difficulty
there is open source code to mine, so no one can change it
you can't modify this
because this source code records the development process of bitcoin along the way, the problems encountered in the mining process and the mining difficulty
there is open source code to mine, so no one can change it
3. In recent years, blockchain digital assets represented by bitcoin have become popular all over the world. Financial institutions, technology companies, investment companies and other participants at home and abroad have invested a lot of human, material and technical resources in the research, development, design, testing and promotion of blockchain digital assets. In order to realize the main characteristics of "four can and three can't" of blockchain digital assets, we can build the core technology system of digital assets by relying on 11 technologies of security technology, transaction technology and trusted guarantee technology. First of all, security technology is used to ensure the fluidity, storability, controllable anonymity, unforgeability, non repeatable transaction and non repudiation of blockchain digital assets. digital currency security technology mainly includes basic security technology, data security technology and transaction security technology. Basic security technology includes encryption and decryption technology and security chip technology. Encryption and decryption technology is mainly used in currency generation, secret transmission, identity verification and other aspects of digital assets. The establishment of a perfect encryption and decryption algorithm system is the core and foundation of the digital assets system, which needs to be customized and designed by the national password management organization. Security chip technology is mainly divided into terminal security mole technology and smart card chip technology. Digital assets can be traded in the form of mobile terminal based on terminal security mole. As the carrier of secure storage and encryption and decryption operation, terminal security mole can provide effective basic security protection for digital assets. Digital asset system trading platform blockchain technology research and development of data security technology, including data security transmission technology and secure storage technology. Data security transmission technology transmits digital asset information through ciphertext + MAC / ciphertext + hash to ensure the confidentiality, security and non tamperability of data information; Data security storage technology stores digital currency information by means of encryption storage, access control, security monitoring, etc., to ensure the integrity, confidentiality and controllability of data information
transaction security technology includes anonymous technology, identity authentication technology, anti plicate transaction technology and anti-counterfeiting technology. Anonymity technology realizes controllable anonymity of digital assets through blind signature (including blind parameter signature, weak blind signature, strong blind signature, etc.) and zero knowledge proof; The identity authentication technology verifies the user's identity through the authentication center to ensure the validity of the digital asset trader's identity; The anti plicate transaction technology ensures that digital assets are not reused by means of digital signature, serial number and time stamp; Anti counterfeiting technology ensures the authenticity of digital assets and transactions by means of encryption and decryption, digital signature and identity authentication. Secondly, the online transaction and offline transaction of digital assets are realized by transaction technology. Digital asset trading technology mainly includes online trading technology and offline trading technology. As a legal currency, digital assets should not be rejected by any unit or indivial, and can be traded online or offline. Online transaction technology realizes online transaction of digital assets through online device interaction technology, online data transmission technology and online transaction processing; The off-line transaction technology realizes the off-line transaction of digital assets through the off-line device interaction technology, off-line data transmission technology and off-line transaction processing technology. Finally, trusted guarantee technology is used to provide a safe and reliable application environment for the issuance, circulation and transaction of digital assets in blockchain. Digital asset trustworthiness assurance technology mainly refers to trusted service management technology. Based on trusted service management platform (TSM), it ensures the security and trustworthiness of digital asset security mole and application data, and provides security chip (SE) and application life cycle management function for digital asset participants. Trusted service management technology can provide application registration, application download, security authentication, authentication management, security evaluation, trusted loading and other services for digital assets, which can effectively ensure the security and credibility of digital assets system
what is blockchain? Blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology, which is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, so that everyone can participate in database records. Blockchain technology development blockchain technology development what is a blockchain system? Blockchain system is a database system with integrity. The data written into the system will be automatically copied to the nodes of the blockchain, which can achieve transactional data preservation, support the management and development of databases in various instries, and be proced in combination with various needs. 294.497 billion US dollars, or 2.60%. This week, five new projects entered the top 100, namely FST, ZB, Wix, wax and MXM. On August 11, the price of bitcoin was $11523.58, up 3.20% from last week, and Ethereum was $216.09, down 3.86% from last week. The 24-hour turnover of this week increased by 2.63% over the same period last week; Among the top 100 projects, the total market value and average market value of currency projects increased significantly, and the classification composition of global blockchain assets top 100 projects was stable.
transaction security technology includes anonymous technology, identity authentication technology, anti plicate transaction technology and anti-counterfeiting technology. Anonymity technology realizes controllable anonymity of digital assets through blind signature (including blind parameter signature, weak blind signature, strong blind signature, etc.) and zero knowledge proof; The identity authentication technology verifies the user's identity through the authentication center to ensure the validity of the digital asset trader's identity; The anti plicate transaction technology ensures that digital assets are not reused by means of digital signature, serial number and time stamp; Anti counterfeiting technology ensures the authenticity of digital assets and transactions by means of encryption and decryption, digital signature and identity authentication. Secondly, the online transaction and offline transaction of digital assets are realized by transaction technology. Digital asset trading technology mainly includes online trading technology and offline trading technology. As a legal currency, digital assets should not be rejected by any unit or indivial, and can be traded online or offline. Online transaction technology realizes online transaction of digital assets through online device interaction technology, online data transmission technology and online transaction processing; The off-line transaction technology realizes the off-line transaction of digital assets through the off-line device interaction technology, off-line data transmission technology and off-line transaction processing technology. Finally, trusted guarantee technology is used to provide a safe and reliable application environment for the issuance, circulation and transaction of digital assets in blockchain. Digital asset trustworthiness assurance technology mainly refers to trusted service management technology. Based on trusted service management platform (TSM), it ensures the security and trustworthiness of digital asset security mole and application data, and provides security chip (SE) and application life cycle management function for digital asset participants. Trusted service management technology can provide application registration, application download, security authentication, authentication management, security evaluation, trusted loading and other services for digital assets, which can effectively ensure the security and credibility of digital assets system
what is blockchain? Blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology, which is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, so that everyone can participate in database records. Blockchain technology development blockchain technology development what is a blockchain system? Blockchain system is a database system with integrity. The data written into the system will be automatically copied to the nodes of the blockchain, which can achieve transactional data preservation, support the management and development of databases in various instries, and be proced in combination with various needs. 294.497 billion US dollars, or 2.60%. This week, five new projects entered the top 100, namely FST, ZB, Wix, wax and MXM. On August 11, the price of bitcoin was $11523.58, up 3.20% from last week, and Ethereum was $216.09, down 3.86% from last week. The 24-hour turnover of this week increased by 2.63% over the same period last week; Among the top 100 projects, the total market value and average market value of currency projects increased significantly, and the classification composition of global blockchain assets top 100 projects was stable.
4. And this: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin
5. Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy. Digital currency is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
warm tips:
1. The above information is for reference only, without any suggestions
2. According to the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, there is no approved digital currency trading platform in China. According to the regulation of digital currency in China, investors have the freedom to participate in digital currency transactions at their own risk
response time: February 1, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
warm tips:
1. The above information is for reference only, without any suggestions
2. According to the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, there is no approved digital currency trading platform in China. According to the regulation of digital currency in China, investors have the freedom to participate in digital currency transactions at their own risk
response time: February 1, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
6. Generally, you can check the currency market in real time through various apps. I'm using a coinbox. You can try to search it. If you have any questions, you can continue to ask,
7. Please check the website of the local vehicle management office. Generally, you can check the hospital for driving license examination. In addition, before going to the hospital, it is suggested to call the hospital to ask if you can have a driver's license physical examination? When can I have a physical examination Because in some hospitals, people with disabilities are only examined for driving licenses.)
8. Bitcoin is stored in a bitcoin wallet, which can't be tampered with by quantum computing technology
Hot content