420000 bitcoins turned over to the state treasury
When bitcoin first appeared in 2009, its price was less than 1 cent. One dollar could be converted into 1300 bitcoins, that is to say, seven yuan could be converted into 1300 bitcoins
on May 5, 2017, bitfinex, an overseas digital currency trading platform, quoted a price. Bitcoin once hit US $1700, about RMB 11737
extended information:
in China, some Taobao stores have also begun to accept the use of bitcoin, and businesses will graally increase
in October 2013, the first bitcoin quarterly, one bit, was released
on October 15, 2013, the network accelerator service of the network announced its support for bitcoin
on October 26, 2013, btcmini reported that GBL was hacked
on October 31, 2013, Lei Teng, a famous Internet lawyer, proposed the event of "filing a case to investigate the closure of GBL bitcoin trading platform as soon as possible", analyzed the "value function" and "use function" of bitcoin, and bitcoin should be governed by relevant laws
on December 5, 2013, notice of the Ministry of instry and information technology of the people's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing bitcoin risk: bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity; Bitcoin trading is a kind of commodity trading on the Internet. Ordinary people have the freedom to participate in it at their own risk
on September 4, 2017, the announcement of the people's Bank of China Central Network Information Office, Ministry of instry and information technology, State Administration for Instry and commerce, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing the risk of token issuance financing: it is prohibited to engage in token issuance financing activities (ICO)
the trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal tender and token, or virtual currency, or buy or sell token or virtual currency as a central counter party, or provide pricing, information intermediary and other services for token or virtual currency
on November 2, 2018, the people's Bank of China released the 12th topic of China financial stability report 2018, which talked about "encrypted assets"
it can be roughly understood as the relationship between 0.9 (9 infinite cycle) and 1
2. Even if there is only one bitcoin left in the world, it means that there are 1000 0.1 bitcoins and 100000 0.01 bitcoins in the world
let's assume that the function of bitcoin is equivalent to that of gold as a currency anchor (in fact, it also has this function). You will understand that there are 21 million bitcoins in the world and only 0.1 bitcoins in the world are the same. The currency itself or bitcoin
for example, if the number of bitcoin in the world is reced to one tenth, the market price of bitcoin should be 400000 yuan (to understand this needs a certain economic basis)
so whether bitcoin is in circulation or not has nothing to do with the quantity.
the ranking of digital currency can be measured according to multiple dimensions, such as market value, technical ability, landing in Cheng, 24-hour rise and fall, 24-hour turnover list, 24-hour turnover rate, etc. For the sake of data accuracy, we list the ranking of virtual currencies in the market value list<
let's first look at the data to see how the Ministry of instry and information technology measures the value of digital currency:
saidI Research Institute of the Ministry of instry and information technology officially announced the first global public chain technology evaluation index and ranking. Eth ranked first with a total index of 129.4, while BTC only ranked 13th<
moreover, the ranking method this time is that CCID Research Institute of MIIT does not mention cryptocurrency, but only public chain. The first list of evaluation objects are: bitcoin, Ethereum, reborn, Leyte, bitcoin cash, Cardano, starcoin, Neo, eota, Monroe, dasey, Xinjing, Ethereum classic, quantum chain, Nanor, application chain Big zero coin, verge, stratis, cloud storage coin, stim coin, bitstock, byte coin, wave coin, deced, super cash hcash, Comodo coin, ark. The top ten in the list are eth, stem, LSK, Neo, KMD, XLM, ADA, iota, XmR and strat<
If ranked by market value, the results will be much different: the following data are based on Niuniu app, and the market value represents the first place at the time of writing: bitcoin (BTC)
current price: 26428 yuan, market value: 460.018 billion yuan, total amount of CDB: 21 million, circulation volume: 17.406 million, and circulation market value: 460.207 billion yuan, Issue time: 2009.01.03
second place: XRP
current price: 236 yuan, market value: 95.192 billion yuan, total issue volume: 100 billion yuan, circulation volume: 40.327 billion yuan, circulation market value: 95.181 billion yuan, issue time: 2011.04.18
third place: eth
current price: 734 yuan, market value: 76.136 billion yuan, total issue volume: 104 million yuan, Circulation volume: 104 million, circulation market value: 76.136 billion, issue time: July 24, 2014
fourth place: Star currency (XLM)
current price: 98 yuan, market value: 18.834 billion, total issue: 104.523 billion, circulation volume: 19.155 billion. Circulation market value: 188.43 yuan. Issue time: 2014.08.01
fifth place: bitcoin (BCH)
market value: RMB 137.700 billion, currency price: RMB 810.175, total currency: RMB 21 million, bitcoin cash released on August 1, 2017, jointly created by some bitcoin developers, belongs to the new version of bitcoin. From 2015 to 2017, the price of bitcoin rose rapidly. Different factions competed fiercely for more computer network resources. In order to get out of the competitive environment, one camp created another version and rebuilt the blockchain currency. Bitcoin cash modifies the code of bitcoin, increases the block size to 8m, adopts two-layer network, reces the workload of bitcoin network, and maximizes the efficiency of bitcoin network without damaging the original structure and security of bitcoin blockchain
with the integration of the two exchanges of okex and Huo yuan.com, yuanniuniu can share the trading depth and enjoy the treatment of zero handling charge fund transfer. It only needs to download an app to exchange transactions at both ends. At the same time, yuanniuniu is also a good market software tool, which can help speculators master the latest currency price trends and large positions.
secondly, however, there is a smaller threshold for the total number of "smart": the largest possible integer that can be represented in floating-point format. Integers are not the only numbers that computers can store; To deal with decimals, computers & gt; Use a format for floating point representation. Floating point notation is essentially a binary version of scientific notation. For example, here is a value you will encounter when you study physics:
mass of the earth: 5.972 1024 kg
mass of the sun: 1.989 1030 kg
speed of light: 2.998 108 M / s
light year: 9.460 1015 m
mass of proton: 1.672 10-27 kg
Planck length: 1.616 10-35 m
we can notice that, How does scientific notation allow you to represent all of these values with reasonable accuracy, even though they vary greatly in size. Floating point notation is essentially a binary scientific notation; When you store numbers & gt; When the word is 9.625, what your computer stores is "1.001101
* 1011" (in other words, it stores 0100000000100011
& gt; This is the same thing with high-precision sequence form). In this high-precision form, the coefficient (that is, the part that is not the exponent) has 52 bits. This means high precision (more refined & gt; Double precision floating point number is enough to store up to 253 numbers, but it can't be any higher. If it exceeds 253, you have to start cutting off the numbers at the end. Bitcoin's 250.9, the total number of "smart" in the form of index, is just & gt; OK, below this maximum
if we have integers, why should we care about floating-point values? Because more high-level programming languages (such as JavaScript) do not open low-level "floating point" and "integer representation", but only provide "number" representation for programmers; Concepts
– of course, in floating-point form. If Nakamoto chose 210 million instead of 21 million at that time, bitcoin programming in many languages would be much more troublesome than it is now
note that Stefan Thomas unfortunately didn't notice this in time when he wrote bitcoinjs, so that the library used a special "big number big
number" object instead of an ordinary number to store the tutorial output value; My own bifurcated bitcoin JS (along with other improvements) uses ordinary numbers.
According to the regulations of notice 2014-21 of the IRS:
1. The information range of virtual currency payment is consistent with that of other property payment
2. Virtual currency paid to service providers and independent contractors should be taxed, and the tax rules of freelance also apply to virtual currency. Taxpayers usually have to get form 1099-MISC
3. When using virtual currency to pay wages to employees, they must also pay taxes, and they also need to pay federal income tax and payroll tax
4. The third party accepting virtual currency settlement payment on behalf of the merchant must report the payment status in form1099-k, payment card and the third party network dealer
5. Based on the fact that the virtual currency in the hands of taxpayers is a kind of capital asset, the gains or losses in the transaction of virtual currency and the sales of virtual currency need to be taxed
extended information:
legal status of bitcoin in China
in China, the regulations on the administration of RMB prohibit the proction and sale of token tickets. Because there is no clear judicial interpretation of the definition of token ticket, if bitcoin is included in the "token ticket", the legal prospect of bitcoin in China will face uncertainty
the notice of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce on strengthening the management of virtual currency of online games (Wen Shi Fa [2009] No. 20) on June 4, 2009 stated that the application scope of virtual currency of online games was defined for the first time, and the distinction between the current virtual currency of online games and the virtual props in the game was made; At the same time, the notice said that the "notice" stipulates that enterprises engaged in related services must be approved before they can operate< br />
Maybe it's a clerical error. I'll make a little effort. Four years ago, in February 2015, there were only so many bitcoins. According to the average exchange rate of 6.23 in 15 years, it was about 1500 RMB
Virtual currency seems to make people rich overnight, such as bitcoin. At the beginning of the year, it cost a few yuan, but now it costs US $50000. Not all virtual currencies are bitcoin. It's better to be cautious. Now many friends want to invest in the digital currency of the blockchain and join the army of overnight wealth Red wine and other goods are given away by the company; Dark blue integral;, At the same time, points also have consumption value-added, which is returned in the form of points. Points can also be converted into virtual currency of the trading platform, namely & lt; Beilan coin;, Virtual currency can be traded or withdrawn on the trading platform, and it can rise or fall
shortly after the company's operation, it invited another nickname & quot; Fengshen & quot; Network operator, joint operation & lt; Dark blue integral & quot& ldquo; Beilan Coin & quot; Network platform fund-raising project, behind the beautiful gimmick, is a fraud of illegal fund-raising
in order to attract victims into the trap, put on appearances, buy luxury cars, expand false publicity and attract investors
later, e to the conflict between shareholders, the operator was reported and arrested by the public security organ, the company project finally collapsed, and this illegal fund-raising case graally surfaced
“ The biggest case in the coin Circle & quot; The second instance of plustoken case is in Jiangsu & middot; Yancheng sentence. The case involved more than 2 million participants, more than 3000 levels of hierarchical relationship, and the total value of digital currency involved exceeded 40 billion yuan
Yancheng intermediate people's Court of Jiangsu Province issued a criminal ruling of second instance, rejecting the appeal and maintaining the original judgment. According to the judgment of the first instance, 14 defendants, including Chen Bo, Ding zanqing and Peng Yixuan, committed the crime of organizing and leading pyramid selling activities, and Chen Tao, who committed the crime of covering up and concealing the crime, was sentenced to two to eleven years' imprisonment and a fine
At the beginning of the 19th century, Yancheng public security organs received a report that some people used plutoken network platform to commit pyramid selling crimes, and Yancheng public security organs put the suspects on file for investigationunder the coordination of the Ministry of public security, the special case police officers went to Vanuatu, Kampuchea, Vietnam, Malaysia and other countries and regions, and successfully arrested 27 suspect suspects who were hiding abroad. Meanwhile, 1 suspect suspects were arrested in the territory. p>
in the past 20 years, the Ministry of public security deployed the national public security organs to arrest all 82 key members suspected of pyramid selling