Bitcoin consensus

1. The rise and fall of digital currency has graally brought blockchain and ICO projects into the public view. At the same time, with the deepening of people's understanding of cryptocurrency, air currency, pyramid selling currency, private placement, leek, investment and other words have become familiar words. How can we not be fooled? How can we identify MLM coins without being fat sheep? How can we not follow the trend, not hype, not leek? Let's tell you some marketing routines of MLM coin to remind you of your investment in advance
first, only go up but not go down
constantly publicize your reward system, which has dynamic and static benefits. Through wechat group, development team and other communication, you can publish false news on small media, so that you can be moved and join. Usually, the company will promise dividends, only rise but not fall, which is divided into several stages, and the enterprise will support the bottom to several pieces<

Second, the transaction is not smooth
generally, when the first phase of private placement is completed within one month, the price may rise from 1 yuan to 3 yuan, or 5 yuan, and the price is completely controlled by the enterprise platform. In the second stage, the inner market is opened and trading begins. Set up more than three wallets to lure you to put them in the power wallets to generate interest, and you will need a lot of interest when you come out. If you don't put it in, the transaction won't be very smooth. There are many restrictions. The common methods are to limit the number of transactions, to stop trading regularly for system maintenance, to set up a lot of wallet transfer fees, and to limit the number of transfers. When members ask questions, they either don't answer back, and let you go to your superior, or use various excuses to delay or prevaricate, Or just use negative energy to kick you out of the group
Third, change the name
originally started with the corporate currency launched by a company, but after it was launched online, it carried out responsibility transfer under the name of various reasons. In a new stage, many companies issue tokens with real t, so that you can visit the company and believe that they are really doing practical work and are the driving force of blockchain application. When the first fund is raised, they will set up a special blockchain company, and then carry out continuous promotion. Some of them also carry out massive activities to attract more people to join. Next, they will find a so-called foreign company, or a shell company that they have established before, and merge the original company. The reason is generally to integrate into the international community and avoid domestic policy risks. In this way, all the money you buy will be transferred to foreign companies, and it is difficult for you to find them. When foreign companies are still unable to act, they are no longer in charge and let them go bankrupt. But because it's a foreign company, you can't find it< Fourth, forced lock up
e to the poor trading, more and more people began to doubt that they began to change the policy constantly, and the initial commitment basically became a dead letter. Cancel the original dividend system, suddenly announce a new system, your original currency score more than half a year to release, every month or week can only 5% and other transfer out transactions. Or force you to use tokens to consume some of their junk profiteering procts, such as tourist souvenirs, handicrafts, etc., which make you feel that if you can't trade, it's better to consume them. This just falls into another trap of them, and your money has been washed away by them

if the coin you buy has the above characteristics, don't hesitate, don't fantasize, don't be hoodwinked by the people in it for the reasons that it takes time to make money, give time to the company and so on. You should quickly unite with all the victims, collect evidence, report the company, and strangle its criminal behavior of illegal financing in the cradle, They can also create conditions for themselves to recover their losses as much as possible.

2. Author: Feng Chiyu
link: https://www.hu.com/question/22023800/answer/22741288
source: Zhihu
the right belongs to the author. For commercial reprint, please contact the author for authorization. For non-commercial reprint, please indicate the source

the first conclusion: ripple is not a currency, but a payment network; XRP currency used in the network is a kind of currency. Compared with bitcoin, the former is a payment system, while the latter is money, which is not the same kind of things, so there is no substitutability

bitcoin has been fried rotten, and hushang's answer is close to saturation, so we don't need to repeat our work. Let's focus on ripple

what is ripple
ripple is an open payment network. Just like ripple, the word ripple emphasizes the flow and transmission of funds

in life, acquaintances borrow money from each other and may not write IOU. Sometimes, several friends borrow money from each other, generate multi angle debts, and may adjust the relationship of debts and creditor's rights according to the alienation of relatives. For example, a owes B 5 yuan, B owes C 5 yuan, and a and C are familiar with each other. Once three people discuss, they may directly ask a to repay C. In fact, not only between acquaintances, many small shops and small companies will allow acquaintances to write off on credit

that is to say, everyone is more willing to have debt relationship with the people they trust or are familiar with, and through the trust network between people, funds can flow smoothly

the above is the money network between people in the real world. If all this happens in the Internet world, it is the money flow system that ripple is trying to achieve

but in this network, the relationship between you and your trusted acquaintances is transformed into the relationship between you and your trusted gateway. As the name suggests, a gateway is a "gateway" between one network and another, that is, a network gateway. To go from one room to another, you have to go through a door. Similarly, to send information from one network to another, you have to go through a "gateway", which is the gateway. As the interface between network and network, network and the real world, gateway is like a bank counter, which converts your currency into a series of numbers in your account

what happens in ripple is just like the reality. When you change 100 RMB into FCY issued by gateway a through gateway a, you will have an extra amount of 100fcy in your ripple account. You can transfer the 100fcy to a stranger through gateway a, such as Xiao Ming, Xiaoming can exchange the money into real-world RMB through gateway a. In the whole process, the relationship between creditor's rights and debt changes as follows:
1. You deposit 100 RMB into gateway a, and gateway a owes you 100 RMB and gives you a 100fcy IOU
2. You pass the IOU of 100fcy to Xiaoming through gateway A. at this time, gateway a no longer owes you money, but owes Xiaoming RMB 100, because the IOU is in Xiaoming's hands
3. Xiao Ming takes the IOU to go to gateway a to cash RMB 100

in the whole process, you and Xiao Ming only establish a trust relationship with gateway a, but you and Xiao Ming do not need to establish a trust relationship

what is XRP coin
what is XRP coin at the beginning? Its main function is to pay transaction costs

XRP is a kind of cryptocurrency embedded in ripple system. Unlike bitcoin, ripple issued 100 billion XRP coins at the beginning of its establishment, and the total amount is no longer increasing, that is to say, it has g up the mine ahead of time. Each transaction (for example, you transfer 100fcy to Xiaoming) requires a small amount of XRP currency, which is technically destroyed directly. At the same time, XRP coins are also used as margin. When you open a ripple account, you need to put 50 XRP coins in it as a guarantee

according to opencoin, the issuing and maintenance company of ripple, the first 100 billion XRP coins will be given to investors and founders, 50 billion will be distributed free of charge (that is, opening accounts for free for a period of time), and the other 30 billion will be held by opencoin, which will be sold from time to time to make profits. Opencoin also admits that holding and selling XRP coins is the only way to make a profit<

ripple's influence
at the beginning of ripple's birth, rumors abound. Many people claim that ripple is more in line with the operation mode of money flow in reality, and will replace bitcoin in the future

but in fact, it is too early to judge whether ripple system can succeed. As soon as ripple started to operate, many problems have been exposed, including that its security is not as good as the official propaganda

at the beginning, ripple itself is just a new currency circulation system or payment network, and the essence of XRP currency is the lubricant to assist the currency circulation in the system. If this system is successful one day, it will only have a positive impact on the circulation of bitcoin. To say that "Ripple can replace bitcoin" is actually equivalent to saying that "Alipay can replace the renminbi" is wrong: the former is the payment system, the latter is the currency, not the same thing, so there is no replaceability. The emergence of Alipay has facilitated the payment and flow of RMB. Similarly, if the Ripple system is successful, its role is only to facilitate the payment and circulation of legal tender and bitcoin.

editor on February 22, 2014
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the operation of not chasing new fans is not a good code farmer
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@ Feng Chiyu
only mentioned the scene of ripple when users and users pay, but ripple is far more than that. I add two points: trading system and automatic path search

through a gateway, you can deposit RMB, US dollars or virtual currencies, such as bitcoin and Leyte currency, into ripple wallet. And in this system, you can achieve any currency to buy or sell a single transaction. Trading here is better than trading platform. The transaction information of traditional trading platform is not open and opaque. In ripple, every order, cancellation and transaction record can be fully inquired. Through websocket interface, developers can also implement automatic trading program, and basically get real-time data in addition to network delay Network delay depends on the situation, the delay of using US server may be less than 0.1 second!) However, most of the traditional trading platforms have a certain cache time for the API interface. A few seconds of cache time may be fatal to the automatic trading program
with this trading market, ripple can realize a very advanced means of payment - automatic path search
to give a practical example, if I was a Chinese programmer working for a company in the United States, I might get us dollars through Western Union remittance or other ways before, and then I would go to the bank to exchange them for RMB. In the middle of this, the handling cost is relatively high. With ripple, I can do this now:
I trust a RMB gateway, such as ripplecn or ripplechina gateway, which is one of the best RMB gateways in China. Then American companies deposit bitcoin or US dollars through bitsmap gateway and send them to ripple. The service charge is only about 0.000012xrp, It is equivalent to about RMB 0.00000108. Then I will directly receive the CNY quota in the ripple system and withdraw it at the RMB gateway. The service charge for withdrawal is 3% for ripple CN gateway and 6% for ripple China gateway. It only takes a few seconds to complete the automatic exchange payment in ripple system
the full-automatic exchange in the payment step is the automatic path search of ripple, which is the essence of ripple system. Path automatic search relies on the above-mentioned hanging single transaction system. If the above American company deposits bitcoin, the system will complete the following calculation in a few seconds: query the amount of XRP after BTC / XRP exchange, and then the amount of CNY after XRP / CNY exchange. If there is a more appropriate path, such as BTC / USD - & gt; USD/XRP-> XRP / CNY, or BTC / USD - & gt; USD / CNY, the system will also automatically calculate and find the cheapest path for the sender to complete the exchange payment
once, I used ripplecn gateway CNY, and my friend only trusted ripplechina. He wanted me to give him 10 yuan, so I entered the sending interface to input 10 yuan, but the system showed that I only needed to send 9.9998 yuan. Because there is a price difference between the two gateways in the CNY / XRP trading market, the system automatically realizes the path search and provides me with the cheapest payment path
there will be many applications on ripple in the future, and ripple's second payment experience is excellent. If you have a ripple wallet, try clicking send in the wallet and the recipient enters it [email protected] perhaps [email protected] There will be a call fee and Q coin recharge interface, which is an application I made for ripple. You can use XRP, U.S. dollar, RMB, bitcoin and other currencies to purchase q-coin, and exchange it into RMB in seconds to complete the recharge request automatically
ripple is likely to go against the weather in the future. As for bitcoin? His role in the virtual currency instry is similar to that of legal currency, which is totally different from ripple's payment system<
editor on February 27, 2014
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ripple basic concept and principle, others have answered, simply speaking, it is a payment network, anyone can become a node of this network to issue currency and then circulate throughout the network. There are some innovations
but in the long run, it must grow faster than bitcoin, otherwise it is likely to lose in the competition, because at present, most of its functions can be realized in bitcoin network
from a technical point of view, because bitcoin has "dyeing" technology, anyone can issue currency, stocks, funds and so on by becoming a node on the bitcoin network. Assuming that the bitcoin is fully legalized, Alipay will turn 1 bitcoin "dyed" into the one and only special bitcoin that is unique and unforgery in the bitcoin network. Then it will promise the public that the stained coin can be exchanged for Alipay by 1 yuan. So the public can use Renminbi to exchange Alipay's "bit yuan" for consumption and payment. So these special bitcoins have what experts call "guarantee" or "anchor". As long as Alipay is credible, these "bit yuan" will always be valuable and can be used safely. At the same time, as bitcoin transactions are open throughout the network, everyone can see how much Alipay has issued "bit yuan", whether it has spammed money and oversold its own assets to guarantee the currency. So the only advantage of ripple in technology is that it can transfer money quickly. It doesn't need bitcoin to wait for dozens of minutes. But in the long run, bitcoin can speed up the transfer speed to a few minutes in the future through technical upgrading

3. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system

unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million

from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major bitcoin platforms officially began to collect transaction fees

on September 4, 2017, the central bank and other seven ministries and commissions announced that China banned virtual currency trading

on December 17, 2017, bitcoin reached an all-time high of $19850

on November 25, 2018, bitcoin fell below the $4000 mark and is now stable at more than $3000.

in April 2019, bitcoin again stood at the $5000 mark, reaching a new high of the year.

4. Compared with BCH and BSV, lightning bitcoin LBTC is also derived from bitcoin, and its original intention is to solve some shortcomings and defects of bitcoin itself. However, the biggest difference of LBTC is that it adopts dpos consensus mechanism instead of pow consensus mechanism. The most significant advantages of LBTC are as follows:

first, it greatly improves performance, As we all know, the number of transfers per second of bitcoin, that is, TPS, is only about 7, and other bitcoin forked coins using POW consensus mechanism are almost the same. The theoretical value of TPS of LBTC can reach 2800, and the current actual level can reach more than 1000, and the performance has been improved by several orders of magnitude. The slogan "fast as lightning" is by no means empty words. If you are interested, you can download a wallet from the official website of LBTC or Cobo to experience it

Second, it greatly reces the energy consumption and participation threshold. As we all know, the high energy consumption caused by POW mining represented by bitcoin has been criticized by the outside world. At the same time, because mining has already become a heavy asset instry, mining machinery, mining and other fields have been monopolized by a few big players, ordinary small and medium-sized investors and new manufacturers have little room to survive, It has formed a situation in which the strong are always strong. However, POS / dpos currencies only need ordinary PCs or even mobile phones to run wallets and stack, so as to obtain revenue

thirdly, it introces chain governance, which achieves a good balance between democracy and efficiency. At the same time, it encourages users to actively participate in community affairs through voting and staging mechanism. In the world of pow, power is power, simple and crude; In the world of POS, those who hold more money will have more right to speak and gain

in the world of dpos, it is not simply to see who holds more money. At the same time, it needs the extensive support of the community to exercise power on behalf of the community. At the same time, the majority of small and medium-sized users also have the opportunity to launch motions, express their demands, and participate in decision-making

because bitcoin has carried too many interests, we are very cautious about any improvement of bitcoin, and the pace is very slow, which leads to the division of the community and the proction of many forked coins. However, in fact, compared with bitcoin, the improvements made by BCH and BSV are quite limited, so the improvement in all aspects is also very limited

therefore, if you take a closer look at LBTC, you will find that it is actually a very interesting bitcoin fork coin. I think it is a very bold and imaginative experiment based on bitcoin. If lightcoin has been used as a testing ground for new technologies and new ideas for bitcoin in many cases, LBTC can be regarded as a testing ground for bitcoin with greater and more thorough changes

just mentioned, one of the biggest obstacles in the promotion and use of bitcoin is that TPS is too low to carry high-frequency transactions. Compared with bitcoin and some well-known bifurcated currencies such as BCH and BSV, the performance of LBTC is improved by several orders of magnitude, and the actual TPS can reach more than 1000

increasing TPS can rece verification time, but it will inevitably sacrifice security or decentralization. If TPS increases blindly, blockchain will completely sacrifice "decentralization". At the same time, the requirements on the miner's machine configuration will be more stringent. If it can not upload the transaction in time, it will proce more unfinished transactions, and the hidden danger will be greater. Although EOS uses 21 super nodes to achieve high efficiency, it also sacrifices some "decentralization" and security, and introces potential risks such as DDoS

in the past two years, many public chain projects blindly pursue high TPS, and often claim to have achieved tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands or even millions of TPS. In order to improve TPS, some project parties buy millions of equipment to test in a laboratory, which only plays a PR effect or amuses themselves. Such a high TPS is meaningless. Even if it can reach or close to such a number, for the current market demand, it also belongs to excess performance, which is bound to cause unnecessary waste of resources

according to the calculation of relevant research institutions, even if the public chain processes 100 million transactions every day, thousand level TPS is enough. It's worth noting that the TPS of Libra, which is to be launched by Facebook, is also around 1000. You should know that Facebook has as many as 2.7 billion users in the world, which should be determined by them after careful consideration

this means that LBTC's TPS can meet the needs of processing 100 million transactions per day, which is quite pragmatic and can fully meet the needs of global users in the next few years. Moreover, LBTC also has a high degree of scalability. With the further improvement of global Internet infrastructure, the performance of LBTC will continue to improve. It can be said that the current LBTC has found a good balance in the "Impossible Triangle" of efficiency, security and decentralization

in the view of many bitcoin fundamentalists, only the pow path chosen by Nakamoto is the only right way. POW consensus mechanism has experienced nearly 10 years of stable operation and continuous market test, and dpos has been more than 6 years since its birth. So how about doing an experiment to see what wonderful chemical reactions can be proced by combining bitcoin with dpos

if this dpos version of bitcoin can also withstand the continuous test of 10 years, will we still insist that only POW is the only right way for bitcoin? Of course, we don't have a definite answer to this question. Time will tell

although I also claim to be a believer of bitcoin, I think the existence of LBTC is very meaningful. This significance does not mean to replace bitcoin, or like some fans of other forked coins, I think that only the branch I support is the real bitcoin, but to explore more and wider possibilities in technology and form a useful supplement to bitcoin.

5. Bitcoin is a consensus network, contributing to a new payment system and a fully digital currency. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, which is controlled by its users without a central management organization or middleman. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be regarded as the most outstanding three style bookkeeping system. At present, the main uses of bitcoin in China are as follows: 1. Trading bitcoin on the trading platform to earn the price difference is an investment and financial proct. 2. Cross border payment is convenient, fast and the cost is very low. 3. The use of bitcoin to buy goods or services, both at home and abroad by businesses that accept bitcoin, such as technology giants Dell and Microsoft. 4. Take bitcoin as a means of marketing promotion. For example, Dell's acceptance of bitcoin payment is the best example. 5. Bitcoin blockchain technology is used for related innovation, such as crowdfunding, unpaid, fraud prevention, dispute arbitration, credit authentication, donation, automation solutions, etc. The use and innovation of bitcoin can go to bitcoin home, the mainstream bitcoin media in the coin circle, for relevant news reports and research reports.

6. In the absence of a clear ban on mining, the fish pond will always serve the majority of miners.