BTC wastewater

1. 1. Process water interruption treatment

(1) fault phenomenon

1. Low process water pressure alarm signal is sent out

2

3. The liquid level of relevant slurry tank drops< 4. The vacuum belt dehydrator and vacuum pump trip

(2) cause analysis

1< 2. The outlet valve of process water pump is closed

3. The liquid level of the process water tank is too low, and the process water pump trips< 4. Process water pipe is broken< (3) treatment method

1. Confirm that the linkage of vacuum belt dehydrator and vacuum pump is normal

2. Stop the operation of gypsum discharge pump

3. Stop feeding immediately and stop the operation of filtrate pump

4. Find out the cause of process water interruption, report to the shift supervisor and branch station in time, and restore the water supply as soon as possible

5. According to the liquid level of flushing water tank and cake flushing water tank, stop the operation of corresponding pumps

6. During the treatment, the temperature and liquid level of the absorption tower and the liquid level of the limestone slurry tank shall be closely monitored, and the treatment shall be carried out according to the short-term shutdown regulations if necessary< (1) fault phenomenon

1; Desulfurization booster fan trip; Sound and light alarm

2. The red light of desulfurization booster fan is off, the yellow light is on, and the motor stops running

3. Desulfurization bypass baffle and absorber ventilation baffle open automatically, and inlet and outlet flue gas baffle close automatically

4. If the pulp feeding system is put into automatic mode, the chain will stop the pulp feeding< (2) cause analysis

1. Press the accident button< 2. The desulfurization booster fan loses power

3. The recycle pump of absorption tower was stopped completely

4. The pressure loss of desulfurization device is too large or the inlet and outlet flue gas baffles are not opened in place< 5. The bearing temperature of booster fan is too high

6. The temperature of motor bearing is too high

7. The temperature of motor coil is too high

8. Excessive vibration of fan bearing

9. Electrical fault (overload, overcurrent protection, differential protection action)

10. Surge of booster fan

11. The st content in hot flue gas is too large< The boiler load is too low

(3) treatment method

1. Confirm that the desulfurization bypass baffle and absorption tower ventilation baffle open automatically, and the inlet and outlet flue gas baffle close automatically. If the interlock is not good, it should be handled manually

2. Check the cause of booster fan trip. If it is caused by interlock action, it can be restarted after the system returns to normal

3. If it is caused by the fault of the fan equipment, it should be reported to the shift supervisor and the depot in time, and contact the maintenance personnel for treatment. It is forbidden to restart the fan before the fault is verified and handled< If the operation can not be resumed in a short period of time, it shall be handled according to the regulations of short-term shutdown; Recirculation pump trip; Sound and light alarm signal is sent out

2. The red light of the recirculation pump is off and the green light is on, and the motor stops running

3. Interlock and open the bypass baffle and smoke exhaust baffle, shut down the booster fan, and close the inlet and outlet flue gas baffle of two units< (2) cause analysis

1, 6kV power interruption< 2. The liquid level of absorption tower is too low< (3) treatment method

1. Confirm that the interlock action is normal. Confirm that the desulfurization bypass baffle and absorption tower ventilation baffle of the two units are opened automatically, and the booster fan trips; The inlet and outlet flue gas baffles of the two units are closed automatically. If the booster fan does not trip and the baffle does not work properly, it should be handled manually

2. Find out the cause of the recirculation pump trip and deal with it according to relevant regulations

3. Report to the shift supervisor and the depot in time, and inform the relevant maintenance personnel if necessary

4. If the operation cannot be resumed in a short time, it shall be handled according to the relevant provisions of short-term shutdown

5. Depending on the flue gas temperature in the absorption tower, turn on the flushing water of the demister to prevent the rubber lining of the absorption tower and the damage of the demister< (1) fault phenomenon

1. 6kV bus voltage disappears, sound and light alarm signal is sent out and CRT alarm is given

2. The running desulfurization equipment trips and the 6kV motor of the corresponding bus stops

3. The corresponding 380V bus of this section will lose power, and the corresponding 380V load will lose power and trip< (2) cause analysis

1, 6kV bus fault

2. The generator of the unit trips and the standby power fails to be put into operation

3. Fault standby power supply of desulfurization transformer failed to put into operation< (3) treatment method: 1. Confirm whether the interlock trip action of desulfurization is completed. If the damper action of each flue is not good, switch the automatic operation to manual operation immediately

2. Confirm that the power supply of USP section and DC system is normal, the working power switch and standby power switch are in the off position, and disconnect all load switches

3. Contact the shift supervisor and electrical maintenance personnel to find out the cause of the fault and restore the power supply

4. If the interlock of the feeding system does not work, the feeding should be stopped manually

5. Pay attention to monitor the temperature changes in the flue gas system, and manually open the flushing water valve of the demister when necessary

6. Close the regulating baffle of booster fan to the minimum position, and be ready to restart the desulfurization device

7. If the 6kV power supply can not be restored in a short time, the slurry in the pipeline and pump body shall be discharged as soon as possible according to the relevant regulations of shutdown to avoid deposition

8. If the 380V power supply is interrupted, it shall be handled according to the corresponding regulations< (1) fault phenomenon

1. 380V power interruption & quot; Acoustic alarm signal is sent out

2. When 380V voltage indicates zero, the low voltage motor trips

3< (2) cause analysis

1. Corresponding 6kV bus fault< 2. Desulfurization low pressure trip< 3. 380V bus fault< (3) treatment method

1. If it is caused by 6kV power failure, it is treated as short-term shutdown

2. In case of 380V single section fault, check the fault cause and equipment action, disconnect the power switch and load switch of the section, and report in time

3. When the 380V power supply is completely cut off and the power supply cannot be restored within 8 hours, the standby equipment should be used to drain the slurry from all pumps and pipes and wash them in time

4. Power supply caused by electrical protection action shall not be blindly forced to send power.

2. First of all, we should understand the meaning of water resources. Water resources can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Water resources in a broad sense refers to all water bodies on the earth; Narrow sense of water resources is what we usually call water resources, refers to the earth's fresh water resources
water on earth is stored in the ocean, land and atmosphere. Ocean water accounts for 97%, and is the main body of water on the earth. Atmospheric water mainly exists in gaseous state with the smallest specific gravity. Land water can be divided into fresh water and salty water according to salinity. Salty water is mainly distributed in Inner Flow lakes and underground salty water. Fresh water accounts for 2.5% of the global water reserves, including river water, fresh water lake water, underground fresh water and glaciers. Glaciers and deep groundwater account for 98% of the total fresh water, which is difficult to use under the existing technical conditions. At present, the freshwater resources used by human beings are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater, accounting for only 0.3% of the global freshwater resources

it can be seen that the water resources available for human use on the earth are limited. With the growth of population, the improvement of people's living standards and the development of social economy, the consumption of water resources has increased dramatically, resulting in the rection of available water resources. This is the limited water resources, but also by varying degrees of pollution, what is the cause of water pollution? It is mainly instrial wastewater, pesticide and fertilizer in agricultural proction and urban sewage. The lack of freshwater resources is not a unique problem for indivial countries, but a problem faced by global development. The world bank's 1995 survey report pointed out that 80 countries, accounting for 40% of the world's population, are facing a water crisis. About 1 billion people in developing countries cannot drink clean water, 1.7 billion people do not have good sanitation facilities, and about 25 million people die from drinking unclean water every year
China is rich in water resources, ranking sixth in the world; However, China's per capita share of water resources is small, only 1 / 4 of the world average; China is short of water resources. Saving and protecting water resources is the core way to solve the problem of water resources in China. Although the construction of water conservancy and inter basin water transfer can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortage in local areas and local time, it can only treat the symptoms, not the root cause

water resources are renewable resources. From the point of view of the earth's water environment and the total amount of water resources, they should be recyclable and sustainable. However, on the one hand, water resources do not mean all the water bodies in the world, but only the fresh water resources that can be used by human beings, and the proportion of these fresh water resources that can be directly used by human beings is very small; On the other hand, in a certain space and time, e to natural reasons (such as climate, river distribution), or human reasons (such as unreasonable use, pollution and waste), water resources are not only limited, but also may be exhausted. Therefore, we should dialectically and scientifically understand the process of water cycle and the attributes of renewable resources, and understand why the "water ball" in our life also causes "water shortage". We should protect water resources, save every drop of water, and not let our descendants see the last drop

3. Introction to atr-spr system

1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a photoelectric phenomenon, which has the advantages of high sensitivity and label free when applied to quantitative measurement of refractive index (refractive index meter) of optical thin films. It is superior to common fluorescent detection technology and chromatography, It can be used in chemical and biological detection, including chemical gas detection, wastewater solution, pollution monitoring, immunomedicine and so on. 2. The typical SPR design is shown in Figure 1. A 50 nm gold or silver film (3) is plated on an inclined plane (2) of the prism (1). A monochromatic coherent light source (4, TM mode) is incident on all other surfaces and on the interface between metal (2) and prism (1) at different incident angles< br />
1. Surface Plasmon Resonance(SPR) is an optic&photonic pheonmenon to be used for constant molecule measurement of refraction index unit( RIU, RU) of optical film, which is measured by RIU meter. SPR system has very high senstivity ,label-free character , and can dynamically research the surface-molecule interaction kinetics. SPR system is applied to examination and measurement of chemical and biological molecule, which includes chemical gas examination and measurement , waste water solution, pollution control, mutation medicine, and so on. 2.The custom SPR design is like picture 1. One plate(1.2) of the prism(1.1) is covered with electrolyzed Au/Ag film. The simple and constantly frequent light source (1.4), TM mode, is the incident light. The simple and constantly frequent light enter one plate of the prism-typed all total reflection SPR(ATR-SPR). It' s reflected by the interface between the substrate and bottom of the prism. Because of the change of the index of surface, the reflected light has different reflected angle. And with different incident angle, The light inclusions on the surface between the metallic film (1.2) and the prism (1.1)

surface enhanced Raman spectros (SERS)

is to form Periodic holes (air holes) on the silicon wafer with yellow light etched mask in the way of photonic crystal (structure color), Because of a specific structure, photonic crystal has the effect of enhancing reflection on several specific wavelengths (photonic crystal spectrum). When several specific wavelengths enhance the reflection, you can see a specific color visually. Then, the surface of photonic crystal is plated with gold film. The thickness of the film is mainly set. The thickness of the film will only enhance reflection on specific wavelengths, It makes the effect of photonic crystal more obvious, so it is called surface coating enhanced photonic crystal Raman spectros.

Raman scattering spectrum

by comparing the spectrum of incident light with the spectrum of reflected light, the vibrational energy of molecular bond vibration, the 3RT / 2 dynamic energy of molecular dynamics at room temperature, and the 3RT / 2 dynamic energy of gas dynamics, Generally speaking, the molar heat is 3R / 2 = 12.465 J / mole for monatomic molecule and 5R / 2 = 20.775 J / mole for diatomic molecule. Only at high temperature can the vibrational energy of molecular bonding vibration be obvious (0.1% reaction at room temperature, the proportion of vibrational energy increases with the increase of temperature), At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, only 10 ^ - 6 photons of the incident light will be scattered by the molecules that touch the reactants, and 99.9% of the scattered light is Rayleigh scattering with constant energy, 0.1% is Raman scattering with energy change, and the changed energy is the vibrational energy of the molecular bond vibration, Different Raman scattering spectra are formed by different molecular bonds, which can be used as data for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different molecules, and are widely used in various aspects.

by measuring the intensity of reflected light (1.5), the functional relationship between reflected light intensity and incident angle can be determined. Draw this SPR spectrum, there will be a very low reflectivity at a specific angle As shown in Figure 2) 3. Under the condition of fixed wavelength, temperature and metal (1.2) thickness, this specific angle is only related to the refractive index of the homogeneous medium to be measured in the flow chamber (1.3): if the refractive index increases, the angle will increase, such as the curve shown in Figure 2. The change of effective refractive index can be used to calculate the concentration of analyte in the fluid. 4. Nano scale rough metal layer (1.2) was fabricated by CO sputtering of SiO2 + AU to proce surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. A fiber (1.7) with a collimator (1.9) is used to collect the scattered light near the SPR generator. The scattered light is filtered by the notch filter, and the rest of the Raman scattering light is guided to the portable spectrometer (B & W, btc1000) by the fiber. The signal of the spectrometer is encoded by 12bits, transmitted by USB2.0 interface and recorded on the notebook computer

5. With self-developed windows interface software and hardware, the system can automatically measure the SPR spectrum and calculate the SPR angle with the minimum reflectivity. 6. The temperature error is controlled less than 0.01 degree by using thermoelectric coupling (1.8) and self-designed temperature control circuit. Assuming that the thickness of fluid (with homogeneity) is much larger than that of gold film, the error of effective refractive index is less than 5 * 10-7riu. The minimum concentration of this system is about 1Pg / mm2, 0.01 degree. 7, It takes about 30 seconds to estimate the effective refractive index of a corresponding fluid from the experimental data, which is much longer than the interaction time between common chemical molecules and surfaces, such as probe DNA and 1 μ The hybridization time of M target DNA was about 50 ~ 60 minutes. Therefore, this system can monitor the dynamic reaction between molecules and surface. 8. In addition to the concentration of analyte, the measured effective refractive index may also be related to the deformation of molecular structure

in addition, when probe DNA and 1 μ Therefore, the change of effective refractive index is not only related to the change of fluid concentration, but also related to the above two factors. 9. The measurement of Raman spectrum can judge whether the molecular structure is changed or not, and rece an influence variable. Through the comparison of the molecular spectrum database stored in the computer, the existence of specific molecules (such as viruses, micro poisons, etc.) can be detected in real time. 10. Portable spectrum & SPR sensor extends the function of commercial SPR sensor, and has more multi-function and mobility, such as real-time detection of trace biochemical warfare agents in biochemical battlefield, anthrax against terrorist molecules, etc. Portable SPR system features, 1. Linear CCD angle measurement, 2. System resolution ~ 10-3 (5 / 3648 pixel = 1.37 * 10-3), 3. Suitable for gas / water system, 4. Small portability (320 * 190 * 125.5mm), 5. Low cost, 6. USB NOTEBOOK connection system

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