Is BTC a stock
Publish: 2021-04-16 01:11:22
1. 1. The principles of the two are different
2. bitcoin (bitcoin: bitcoin) was originally a kind of network virtual currency, similar to Tencent's q-coin, but it has been able to buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar. In China, on November 19, 2013, a bitcoin was equivalent to 6989 yuan
3. Stock speculation is the behavior of buying and selling stocks issued by listed companies. The core content of stock speculation is that investors trade stocks in the securities market and realize arbitrage through the difference between the stock price of buying and selling. The rise and fall of the stock price changes according to the fluctuation of the market. The reason why the fluctuation of the stock price often has the characteristics of differentiation is e to the attention of the capital. The relationship between them is like the relationship between water and ship. If the water overflows, the ship will be high (if the capital flows in, the stock price will rise), if the water is exhausted, the ship will be shallow (if the capital flows out, the stock price will fall).
2. bitcoin (bitcoin: bitcoin) was originally a kind of network virtual currency, similar to Tencent's q-coin, but it has been able to buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar. In China, on November 19, 2013, a bitcoin was equivalent to 6989 yuan
3. Stock speculation is the behavior of buying and selling stocks issued by listed companies. The core content of stock speculation is that investors trade stocks in the securities market and realize arbitrage through the difference between the stock price of buying and selling. The rise and fall of the stock price changes according to the fluctuation of the market. The reason why the fluctuation of the stock price often has the characteristics of differentiation is e to the attention of the capital. The relationship between them is like the relationship between water and ship. If the water overflows, the ship will be high (if the capital flows in, the stock price will rise), if the water is exhausted, the ship will be shallow (if the capital flows out, the stock price will fall).
2. First of all, calculate. Secondly, science usually calls you a negative investor. This is the investment strategy you take. You don't care whether there is a loss or not
since there is a classification of this kind of investment strategy, it naturally proves that it is scientific. But the general choice of "sit and wait" is based on the premise that the selected stock is a real value-oriented listed company worthy of investment, so I hope you can take my advice. You can sit and wait, but it must be worth waiting.
since there is a classification of this kind of investment strategy, it naturally proves that it is scientific. But the general choice of "sit and wait" is based on the premise that the selected stock is a real value-oriented listed company worthy of investment, so I hope you can take my advice. You can sit and wait, but it must be worth waiting.
3. Large cap share. Shares issued by large companies with a total market value of more than 2 billion yuan. The total amount of capital is calculated as the number of existing shares of the company multiplied by the market value of the shares. Large cap companies are usually shipbuilding, steel, petrochemical companies. There is no unified standard for large cap stocks. It is generally agreed that large cap stocks are common stock
it usually refers to the shares of listed companies with large amount of outstanding shares. On the contrary, small cap stocks are the stocks of listed companies with a small amount of circulating stocks. At present, the circulating stocks of no more than 100 million stocks can be regarded as small cap stocks. Medium cap stocks, which are between large cap stocks and small cap stocks, are the stocks with outstanding amount. In the past, there were very few stocks in a large market, so those with a circulation of less than 30 million were called small cap stocks, while those with a circulation of more than 100 million were called large cap stocks
with the listing of many large state-owned enterprises, this concept has also changed. Stocks with circulation of less than 100 million can be regarded as small cap stocks. Stocks with circulation of more than 10 billion or even several billion such as Sinopec, China Unicom and Baosteel are called super large cap stocks. Many steel stocks, petrochemical stocks and electric power stocks are also called large cap stocks because of their large circulation. With the accelerated pace of China's capital securitization, more and more instries have large cap stocks, such as Suning electrical appliances in the commercial department store instry, and most of the stocks in metal mining. At present, the market view is to see the circulation of the listed company, generally more than 500 million must be regarded as large cap stocks, but there is no clear boundary. Make painstaking efforts to attract more capital to join the alliance. Large capital has suitable huff and puff places, which will inhibit the excessive share price of small cap stocks. This investment structure is also the essence of management's painstaking efforts and a new pattern of China's stock market. Small cap stocks will also become large cap stocks after years of dividend or additional issuance. Suning is a good example.
it usually refers to the shares of listed companies with large amount of outstanding shares. On the contrary, small cap stocks are the stocks of listed companies with a small amount of circulating stocks. At present, the circulating stocks of no more than 100 million stocks can be regarded as small cap stocks. Medium cap stocks, which are between large cap stocks and small cap stocks, are the stocks with outstanding amount. In the past, there were very few stocks in a large market, so those with a circulation of less than 30 million were called small cap stocks, while those with a circulation of more than 100 million were called large cap stocks
with the listing of many large state-owned enterprises, this concept has also changed. Stocks with circulation of less than 100 million can be regarded as small cap stocks. Stocks with circulation of more than 10 billion or even several billion such as Sinopec, China Unicom and Baosteel are called super large cap stocks. Many steel stocks, petrochemical stocks and electric power stocks are also called large cap stocks because of their large circulation. With the accelerated pace of China's capital securitization, more and more instries have large cap stocks, such as Suning electrical appliances in the commercial department store instry, and most of the stocks in metal mining. At present, the market view is to see the circulation of the listed company, generally more than 500 million must be regarded as large cap stocks, but there is no clear boundary. Make painstaking efforts to attract more capital to join the alliance. Large capital has suitable huff and puff places, which will inhibit the excessive share price of small cap stocks. This investment structure is also the essence of management's painstaking efforts and a new pattern of China's stock market. Small cap stocks will also become large cap stocks after years of dividend or additional issuance. Suning is a good example.
4. Principal: 3600
annual yield: 10%
first year: 3600 + 3600 × 10% = 3960
the second year: 3960 + 3960 × 10% = 4356
year 3: 4356 + 4356 × 10% = 4791.6...
principal ×[ 1 + annual rate of return] = total return
the specific number is related to the number of digits after the decimal point
annual yield: 10%
first year: 3600 + 3600 × 10% = 3960
the second year: 3960 + 3960 × 10% = 4356
year 3: 4356 + 4356 × 10% = 4791.6...
principal ×[ 1 + annual rate of return] = total return
the specific number is related to the number of digits after the decimal point
5.
1 Intelligent robot, instrial automation:
Zhiyun Co., Ltd. (300097), HKUST intelligent (300222), Lanying equipment (300293), Huichuan Technology (300124),
Baode Co., Ltd. (300023), Haide control (002184), Tianqi Co., Ltd. (002009), instrial robot (300024),
Yawei Co., Ltd. (002559), Huazhong CNC (300161),
< p Sanfeng intelligent (300276), soft control Co., Ltd. (002073),xinshida (002527), GQY video (300076), JINZI Tianzheng (600560), Boshi Co., Ltd. (002698),
Gongda Gaoxin (600701), Qianjiang motor (000913), yingweiteng (002334), Shanghai Electromechanical (600835),
Shanhe intelligent (002097), Cixing Co., Ltd. (300307), and Keyuan Co., Ltd. (002380), Yingtang Zhikong Co., Ltd. (300131),
Ziguang Co., Ltd. (000938)
Extended data: 
reviewing the past history, we can find that every round of economic restructuring is accompanied by the use of a large number of new technologies, and the proction efficiency is greatly improved, thus promoting the business performance of enterprises. Coupled with the state's support for scientific and technological innovation, it can be expected that the performance of a large number of scientific and technological enterprises is expected to increase significantly
At the same time, with the successful launch of gem in 2009, the positioning of high P / E ratio undoubtedly shows that there are more opportunities for science and technology enterprises. If 2009 mainly relies on restructuring to generate bull stock market, then 2010 is expected to improve performance through scientific and technological progress, so as to drive the stock price higherthere is a lot of room for the stock price to rise, which is very different from other subjects. The stock price of technology stocks has a huge imagination space, and its positioning is often not limited by such valuation indicators as P / E ratio. In 1999, the mainstream of technology stocks was Internet stocks. At that time, the market even measured the future growth of enterprises by the click through rate of websites, which made the stock price speculation not too limited
at present, the technology related stocks such as the Internet of things and low-carbon economy are also similar. Because they belong to emerging instries, there are huge development prospects in the future, and the performance has the possibility of geometric growth. Therefore, they can not limit their reasonable valuation price according to the current performance, and the stock price has a huge rising imagination
judging from the situation of NASDAQ market in the United States, the P / E ratio of indivial stocks is often significantly higher than that of the main board market. A-share gem and small and medium-sized board of the stock market earnings ratio is also significantly higher than the main board. In addition, in the market over the past year, the stock price performance of technology related stocks is not the most outstanding. Therefore, as long as the performance shows signs of recovery, funds may actively participate in it, making its stock price show amazing performance
the choice of indivial stocks is the key. For investors, even if they look at the hot plate correctly, the investment may not be successful, because not all the indivial stocks in the mainstream hot group will have outstanding performance, and so will the indivial stocks in the science and technology theme. Therefore, the choice of indivial stocks is very critical
< H2 > reference materials: technology stocks - Network
6. Detailed explanation of stock index
(article source: stock market horse Classic)
I. definition of index
stock index is stock price index. It is a kind of indicator for reference, which is compiled by stock exchange or financial service institution to indicate the change of stock market. Because of the volatility of stock prices, investors are bound to face market price risk. It's easy for investors to understand the price changes of a specific stock, but it's not easy and tedious to understand the price changes of various stocks one by one. In order to adapt to this situation and need, some financial service institutions make use of their own business knowledge and the advantage of being familiar with the market to compile stock price indexes, which are published publicly as indicators of market price changes. Based on this, investors can test the effect of their investment and predict the trend of the stock market. At the same time, the press, company owners and even political leaders also take this as a reference index to observe and predict the social, political and economic development situation
this kind of stock index is the average price that indicates the change of stock market. The stock index is usually compiled on the basis of a certain month in a certain
year, and the stock price in the base period is taken as 100. The percentage of rise and fall is calculated by comparing the stock price in each subsequent period with that in the base period, which is the stock index of that period. According to the rise and fall of the index, investors can judge the trend of the stock price. And in order to reflect the trend of the stock market to investors in real time, almost all stock markets publish the stock price index at the same time when the stock price changes
to calculate the stock index, three factors should be considered: one is sampling, that is, to select a few representative constituent stocks from a large number of stocks; The second is weighted, weighted average according to unit price or total value, or no weighted average; The third is the calculation program, which calculates arithmetic mean, geometric mean, or both price and total value
e to the variety of listed stocks, it is difficult and complex to calculate the average price or index of all listed stocks. Therefore, people often select several representative sample stocks from the listed stocks and calculate the average price or index of these sample stocks. It is used to show the general trend and fluctuation range of the stock price of the whole market. When calculating the average stock price or index, the following four points are often considered: (1) the sample stock must be typical and common. Therefore, the selection of sample should consider its instry distribution, market influence, stock grade, appropriate number and other factors 2) The calculation method should be highly adaptable and can adjust or revise the changing stock market, so that the stock index or average has a good sensitivity 3) There should be scientific basis and means of calculation. The calculation basis must be unified. Generally, the closing price is used as the calculation basis. However, with the increase of calculation frequency, some are calculated at hourly price or even shorter time price 4) The base period should be well balanced and representative< Second, the calculation method of stock index. By definition, the stock index is the average stock price. However, in terms of their actual effects on the stock market, the average stock price is the general level reflecting the price changes of various stocks, which is usually expressed as the arithmetic average. By comparing the average stock price in different periods, people can know the change level of various stock prices. The stock index is a relative index reflecting the changes of stock prices in different periods, that is, the percentage of the average stock price in the first period as the benchmark of the average stock price in another period. Through the stock index, people can know the percentage of the stock price rising or falling in the calculation period compared with that in the base period. Because the stock index is a relative index, so for a long time, the stock index can more accurately measure the change of stock price than the average stock price< The calculation of average stock price can be divided into three categories: simple arithmetic average stock price, modified average stock price and weighted average stock price. People can see the change and trend of stock price by comparing the average stock price at different time points
(1) simple arithmetic average stock price
simple arithmetic average stock price is obtained by dividing the sum of the daily closing prices of sample stocks by the number of samples, that is:
simple arithmetic average stock price = (P1 + P2 + P3 +... + PN) / N
the first average stock price in the world - Dao? Jones stock price average was calculated by simple arithmetic average before October 1, 1928
we assume that the stocks sampled from a certain stock market are a, B, C and D, and the closing prices on a certain trading day are 10 yuan, 16 yuan, 24 yuan and 30 yuan respectively, so as to calculate the average stock price of the market. By putting the above numbers into the formula, we can get:
average stock price = (P1 + P2 + P3 + P4) / N
= (10 + 16 + 24 + 30) / 4
= 20 (yuan)
although simple arithmetic average stock price calculation is relatively simple, it has two disadvantages: first, it does not consider the weights of various sample stocks, so it can not distinguish the different effects of sample stocks with different importance on average stock price. Second, when the sample stocks are divided, bonus shares are distributed and capital is increased, the average stock price will be broken and lose continuity, which makes it difficult to compare before and after the time series. For example, when the above-mentioned D shares are divided into three shares by one share, the share price is bound to be reced from 30 yuan to 10 yuan. At this time, the average is not 20 yuan calculated above, but (10 + 16 + 24 + 10) / 4 = 15 yuan. That is to say, e to the change of d-share segmentation technology, the average share price has dropped from 20 yuan to 15 yuan (this does not take into account other factors affecting the change of share price), which obviously does not meet the requirements of average as an index to reflect the change of share price
(2) there are two kinds of modified average stock price:
one is divisor correction method, also known as the modified method. Is this American road? Jones created a method to calculate the average stock price in 1928. The core of this method is to find a constant divisor to correct the change of the average stock price caused by stock segmentation, capital increase, bonus issue and other factors, so as to maintain the continuity and comparability of the average shares. The specific method is to divide the total new stock price by the average of the old stock price to get the new divisor, and then divide the total stock price in the calculation period by the new divisor to get the revised average stock price. That is:
New divisor = total new share price after change / average old share price
modified average share price = total share price ring the reporting period / new divisor
in the previous example, the divisor is 4, and the adjusted new divisor should be:
New divisor = (10 + 16 + 24 + 10) / 20 = 3, and the new divisor is substituted into the following formula, Then:
the average of the revised stock price = (10 + 16 + 24 + 10) / 3 = 20 (yuan) is the same as that calculated when the stock is not divided, and the stock price level will not change e to the stock division
the second is the stock price correction method. The stock price correction method is to split the stock and restore the changed stock price to the original stock price, so that the average stock price will not change. The 500 stock price averages compiled by the New York Times adopt the stock price correction method to calculate the average stock price
(3) weighted average stock price
weighted average stock price is the average stock price calculated by weighted average according to the relative importance of various sample stocks, and its weight (q) can be the number of shares traded, the total market value of the stock, the stock issuance, etc
2. Calculation of stock index
stock index is a relative index reflecting the changes of stock price at different time points. Usually, the stock price of the report period is compared with the fixed price of the base period, and the ratio of the two is multiplied by the index value of the base period, which is the stock index of the report period. There are three ways to calculate stock index: one is relative method, the other is comprehensive method, and the third is weighted method
(1) relative method
relative method, also known as average method, is to calculate the stock index of each sample first. Add it up to find the arithmetic mean of the total. The calculation formula is:
stock index = sum of n sample stock indexes / N
the common stock index of the economist in the UK uses this calculation method
(2) comprehensive method
the comprehensive method is to sum up the prices of the sample stocks in the base period and the report period respectively, and then compare them to get the stock index. That is:
stock index = the sum of the stock prices in the reporting period / the sum of the stock prices in the base period
by substituting the figures,
stock index = (8 + 12 + 14 + 18) / (5 + 8 + 10 + 15) = 52 / 38 = 136.8%
that is, the stock price in the reporting period has increased by 36.8% over the base period
from the point of view of the average method and the comprehensive method to calculate the stock index, they do not take into account the factors such as the different issuance and trading volume of various sampling stocks, and the different impact on the stock price of the whole stock market, so the calculated index is not accurate enough. In order to calculate the stock index accurately, we need to add the weight, which can be the trading volume or the circulation volume
(3) weighted method
weighted stock index is weighted according to the relative importance of sample stocks in each period, and its weight can be the number of shares traded, stock issuance, etc. Divided by time, the weight can be the weight of the base period or the weight of the reporting period. The index weighted by the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period is called lasr index; An index weighted by the number of shares traded (or issued) in the reporting period is called paixu index
the lasr index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period, while the paixu index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the reporting period. At present, most stock indexes in the world are paixu index< The stock index is a positive proportion function of the market value of the index portfolio, and its fluctuation range is the return rate of the portfolio. But in the calculation of the stock index, the transaction cost of the stock is not dected, so the real income of the investors will be less than the rise and fall of the stock index, which is the maximum return on investment of the index portfolio
there is a common saying in the stock market, which is called "bull gains bear losses". That is to say, in a bull market, the investors make profits and lose money in a bear market. But if we analyze the investors as a whole, the investors may not be able to make profits in a bull market
1. If a bull market is reversible, investors will only lose but not make money. The middle point of Shanghai stock index is about 600 points. In the bull market in early 1993, Shanghai stock market broke through 1500 points, and then fell back to more than 300 points in July 1994; In September 1994, the Shanghai stock market hit 1000 points again, but soon fell below 600 points. Judging from the operation of the index in recent years, the Shanghai stock index always starts from below 600 points, forms a bull market and then returns to 600 points. It can be said that all bull markets in Shanghai stock market are reversible
when the Shanghai stock index rose from 600 points to 1000 points and returned to its original position, indivial shareholders may earn and lose money, thus transferring their wealth. But for this group of shareholders, they not only have no gains, but also have losses
first, no matter which point the transaction is at, the shareholders need to pay transaction tax and handling charges. The stock index rose from 600 points and then returned to 600 points. For the investors as a whole, in addition to the transaction costs, it is necessary to increase the stock index
(article source: stock market horse Classic)
I. definition of index
stock index is stock price index. It is a kind of indicator for reference, which is compiled by stock exchange or financial service institution to indicate the change of stock market. Because of the volatility of stock prices, investors are bound to face market price risk. It's easy for investors to understand the price changes of a specific stock, but it's not easy and tedious to understand the price changes of various stocks one by one. In order to adapt to this situation and need, some financial service institutions make use of their own business knowledge and the advantage of being familiar with the market to compile stock price indexes, which are published publicly as indicators of market price changes. Based on this, investors can test the effect of their investment and predict the trend of the stock market. At the same time, the press, company owners and even political leaders also take this as a reference index to observe and predict the social, political and economic development situation
this kind of stock index is the average price that indicates the change of stock market. The stock index is usually compiled on the basis of a certain month in a certain
year, and the stock price in the base period is taken as 100. The percentage of rise and fall is calculated by comparing the stock price in each subsequent period with that in the base period, which is the stock index of that period. According to the rise and fall of the index, investors can judge the trend of the stock price. And in order to reflect the trend of the stock market to investors in real time, almost all stock markets publish the stock price index at the same time when the stock price changes
to calculate the stock index, three factors should be considered: one is sampling, that is, to select a few representative constituent stocks from a large number of stocks; The second is weighted, weighted average according to unit price or total value, or no weighted average; The third is the calculation program, which calculates arithmetic mean, geometric mean, or both price and total value
e to the variety of listed stocks, it is difficult and complex to calculate the average price or index of all listed stocks. Therefore, people often select several representative sample stocks from the listed stocks and calculate the average price or index of these sample stocks. It is used to show the general trend and fluctuation range of the stock price of the whole market. When calculating the average stock price or index, the following four points are often considered: (1) the sample stock must be typical and common. Therefore, the selection of sample should consider its instry distribution, market influence, stock grade, appropriate number and other factors 2) The calculation method should be highly adaptable and can adjust or revise the changing stock market, so that the stock index or average has a good sensitivity 3) There should be scientific basis and means of calculation. The calculation basis must be unified. Generally, the closing price is used as the calculation basis. However, with the increase of calculation frequency, some are calculated at hourly price or even shorter time price 4) The base period should be well balanced and representative< Second, the calculation method of stock index. By definition, the stock index is the average stock price. However, in terms of their actual effects on the stock market, the average stock price is the general level reflecting the price changes of various stocks, which is usually expressed as the arithmetic average. By comparing the average stock price in different periods, people can know the change level of various stock prices. The stock index is a relative index reflecting the changes of stock prices in different periods, that is, the percentage of the average stock price in the first period as the benchmark of the average stock price in another period. Through the stock index, people can know the percentage of the stock price rising or falling in the calculation period compared with that in the base period. Because the stock index is a relative index, so for a long time, the stock index can more accurately measure the change of stock price than the average stock price< The calculation of average stock price can be divided into three categories: simple arithmetic average stock price, modified average stock price and weighted average stock price. People can see the change and trend of stock price by comparing the average stock price at different time points
(1) simple arithmetic average stock price
simple arithmetic average stock price is obtained by dividing the sum of the daily closing prices of sample stocks by the number of samples, that is:
simple arithmetic average stock price = (P1 + P2 + P3 +... + PN) / N
the first average stock price in the world - Dao? Jones stock price average was calculated by simple arithmetic average before October 1, 1928
we assume that the stocks sampled from a certain stock market are a, B, C and D, and the closing prices on a certain trading day are 10 yuan, 16 yuan, 24 yuan and 30 yuan respectively, so as to calculate the average stock price of the market. By putting the above numbers into the formula, we can get:
average stock price = (P1 + P2 + P3 + P4) / N
= (10 + 16 + 24 + 30) / 4
= 20 (yuan)
although simple arithmetic average stock price calculation is relatively simple, it has two disadvantages: first, it does not consider the weights of various sample stocks, so it can not distinguish the different effects of sample stocks with different importance on average stock price. Second, when the sample stocks are divided, bonus shares are distributed and capital is increased, the average stock price will be broken and lose continuity, which makes it difficult to compare before and after the time series. For example, when the above-mentioned D shares are divided into three shares by one share, the share price is bound to be reced from 30 yuan to 10 yuan. At this time, the average is not 20 yuan calculated above, but (10 + 16 + 24 + 10) / 4 = 15 yuan. That is to say, e to the change of d-share segmentation technology, the average share price has dropped from 20 yuan to 15 yuan (this does not take into account other factors affecting the change of share price), which obviously does not meet the requirements of average as an index to reflect the change of share price
(2) there are two kinds of modified average stock price:
one is divisor correction method, also known as the modified method. Is this American road? Jones created a method to calculate the average stock price in 1928. The core of this method is to find a constant divisor to correct the change of the average stock price caused by stock segmentation, capital increase, bonus issue and other factors, so as to maintain the continuity and comparability of the average shares. The specific method is to divide the total new stock price by the average of the old stock price to get the new divisor, and then divide the total stock price in the calculation period by the new divisor to get the revised average stock price. That is:
New divisor = total new share price after change / average old share price
modified average share price = total share price ring the reporting period / new divisor
in the previous example, the divisor is 4, and the adjusted new divisor should be:
New divisor = (10 + 16 + 24 + 10) / 20 = 3, and the new divisor is substituted into the following formula, Then:
the average of the revised stock price = (10 + 16 + 24 + 10) / 3 = 20 (yuan) is the same as that calculated when the stock is not divided, and the stock price level will not change e to the stock division
the second is the stock price correction method. The stock price correction method is to split the stock and restore the changed stock price to the original stock price, so that the average stock price will not change. The 500 stock price averages compiled by the New York Times adopt the stock price correction method to calculate the average stock price
(3) weighted average stock price
weighted average stock price is the average stock price calculated by weighted average according to the relative importance of various sample stocks, and its weight (q) can be the number of shares traded, the total market value of the stock, the stock issuance, etc
2. Calculation of stock index
stock index is a relative index reflecting the changes of stock price at different time points. Usually, the stock price of the report period is compared with the fixed price of the base period, and the ratio of the two is multiplied by the index value of the base period, which is the stock index of the report period. There are three ways to calculate stock index: one is relative method, the other is comprehensive method, and the third is weighted method
(1) relative method
relative method, also known as average method, is to calculate the stock index of each sample first. Add it up to find the arithmetic mean of the total. The calculation formula is:
stock index = sum of n sample stock indexes / N
the common stock index of the economist in the UK uses this calculation method
(2) comprehensive method
the comprehensive method is to sum up the prices of the sample stocks in the base period and the report period respectively, and then compare them to get the stock index. That is:
stock index = the sum of the stock prices in the reporting period / the sum of the stock prices in the base period
by substituting the figures,
stock index = (8 + 12 + 14 + 18) / (5 + 8 + 10 + 15) = 52 / 38 = 136.8%
that is, the stock price in the reporting period has increased by 36.8% over the base period
from the point of view of the average method and the comprehensive method to calculate the stock index, they do not take into account the factors such as the different issuance and trading volume of various sampling stocks, and the different impact on the stock price of the whole stock market, so the calculated index is not accurate enough. In order to calculate the stock index accurately, we need to add the weight, which can be the trading volume or the circulation volume
(3) weighted method
weighted stock index is weighted according to the relative importance of sample stocks in each period, and its weight can be the number of shares traded, stock issuance, etc. Divided by time, the weight can be the weight of the base period or the weight of the reporting period. The index weighted by the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period is called lasr index; An index weighted by the number of shares traded (or issued) in the reporting period is called paixu index
the lasr index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period, while the paixu index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the reporting period. At present, most stock indexes in the world are paixu index< The stock index is a positive proportion function of the market value of the index portfolio, and its fluctuation range is the return rate of the portfolio. But in the calculation of the stock index, the transaction cost of the stock is not dected, so the real income of the investors will be less than the rise and fall of the stock index, which is the maximum return on investment of the index portfolio
there is a common saying in the stock market, which is called "bull gains bear losses". That is to say, in a bull market, the investors make profits and lose money in a bear market. But if we analyze the investors as a whole, the investors may not be able to make profits in a bull market
1. If a bull market is reversible, investors will only lose but not make money. The middle point of Shanghai stock index is about 600 points. In the bull market in early 1993, Shanghai stock market broke through 1500 points, and then fell back to more than 300 points in July 1994; In September 1994, the Shanghai stock market hit 1000 points again, but soon fell below 600 points. Judging from the operation of the index in recent years, the Shanghai stock index always starts from below 600 points, forms a bull market and then returns to 600 points. It can be said that all bull markets in Shanghai stock market are reversible
when the Shanghai stock index rose from 600 points to 1000 points and returned to its original position, indivial shareholders may earn and lose money, thus transferring their wealth. But for this group of shareholders, they not only have no gains, but also have losses
first, no matter which point the transaction is at, the shareholders need to pay transaction tax and handling charges. The stock index rose from 600 points and then returned to 600 points. For the investors as a whole, in addition to the transaction costs, it is necessary to increase the stock index
7.
Definitely not
-
in the process of capital flow, stocks, foreign exchange funds and so on do not directly generate new value. Because it is a zero sum game, some people make money and others lose money. There is no value-added process, so it is not included in GDP
-
financial means such as stocks do generate indirect value through capital flow, but these indirect values have been calculated in GDP when calculating the final procts. Therefore, in order to prevent double counting, the indirect value generated by financial circulation is also excluded by GDP< br />
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