Bitcoin standard
on January 3, 2009, Nakamoto g up the first batch of 50 bitcoins on a small server in Helsinki, Finland
on May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: Laszlo hanyecz, a Florida programmer, bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC
on July 16, 2010, the price of BTC rose by US $0.08 from US $0.008. The first sharp price fluctuation shows the rise of new things
on July 17, 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established
on November 6, 2010, the price on mtgox reached $0.5, and the bitcoin economy reached $1 million
on December 7, 2010, the first portable device to portable device transaction was realized on Nokia 900, with a transaction volume of 0.42btc
on February 9, 2011, the price reached US $1 for the first time, which is equivalent to US $1. The news that BTC is equivalent to us dollar has been widely reported by the media, which has aroused people's great attention, and the number of new users has increased greatly. In the next two months, bitcoin and pound sterling, Brazilian currency, Polish currency exchange trading platform has opened
on March 18, 2011, the BTC / USD exchange rate hit a seven week low, falling to US $0.7
on August 20, 2011, the first bitcoin conference and World Expo were held in New York. Among Google trend counties, bitcoin's attention reached a new high, with a price of $11 at that time
on November 14, 2011, the price of bitcoin hit a new half year low of $1.99
on September 15, 2012, the bitcoin conference was held in London. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $11.8
on September 27, 2012, bitcoin fund was founded, and the price of bitcoin was $12.46
on November 25, 2012, the first bitcoin conference in Europe was held in Prague, Czech Republic. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $12.6
on February 19, 2013, bitcoin client v8.0 was released. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $28.66
on April 10, 2013, BTC set a record high price of $110
on May 9, 2013, BTC Chinese, the largest bitcoin reporting website www.sosobtc.com The company obtained the investment fund Union Square's US $5 million round a investment, and the price of bitcoin was US $112.09 at this time< On May 28, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security banned the virtual currency service of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican exchange company, for its suspected xiqian and unlicensed fund transfer business, U.S. prosecutors said that this will become the largest international xiqian lawsuit in history, with the scale of absorbing money reaching 6 billion US dollars. A large number of users, including China, will lose all their money. At this time, the price of bitcoin is 128 US dollars
in June 2013, Netcom said that the United States will withdraw from qe3, deflationary bitcoin and quantitative easing monetary policy, which are the relationship between the two
on June 27, 2013, the German Conference made a decision: holding bitcoin for more than one year will be tax-free, which is considered by the instry to recognize the legal status of bitcoin. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $102.24
on June 28, 2013, mtgox obtained the monetary service license issued by the financial crime enforcement network office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Transaction standardization may mean that bitcoin is on the right track, government risk is reced, and its pace of integration into the display economy will be accelerated. At the same time, it will play an exemplary role in other virtual currencies. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $97.99
on November 28, 2013, the bitcoin trading price of Mt. GOx, a popular bitcoin exchange, broke through $1000, reaching a record high of $1073
on November 29, 2013, the trading price of bitcoin on Mt. GOx, a popular exchange, hit a record high of US $1242, while the price of gold was US $1241.98 an ounce, surpassing that of gold for the first time.
The number of bitcoin is too small to circulate on a large scale in society. Moreover, its existence is not guaranteed by the national credit, but based on the trust between bitcoin players, so the credit of this "currency" is relatively low
moreover, the number of bitcoin is small, and it is too concentrated in the hands of several big players, resulting in its price is very unstable. This is basically not money. Because as a general currency, an important prerequisite is price stability, otherwise the economic order will collapse
bitcoin has no value base; The price fluctuates sharply; There are three basic reasons why bitcoin can't become the world currency e to the lack of support from monetary authorities
can bitcoin become a real currency? http://www.financialnews.com.cn/yw/pl/201401/t20140107_ 47595. HTML
since the birth of the first bitcoin seven years ago, bitcoin has been developing rapidly and caused a lot of controversy. The discussion focuses on how to define bitcoin, whether it can become a currency and even become an international currency in the future
in 2013, bitcoin was very popular in China, not only the price soared, but also was evaluated as "a big challenge to the current monetary system" by some analysts. In early December 2013, the people's Bank of China, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks, pointing out that bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity, not a real currency. Then, bitcoin prices fell
at the beginning of the new year, on January 4, the National Bank of Malaysia announced on its website that it would not recognize bitcoin as a legal currency, and urged the public to be vigilant against its risks. In fact, since the second half of 2013, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Norway and other countries have successively made their stand against bitcoin trading activities, and they do not recognize bitcoin as a currency in the market
At the same time, it is reported that in January this year, the world's first bitcoin atmrobocoin entered the Hong Kong and Taiwan markets. Companies also plan to launch bitcoin ATMs in more parts of Europe, Canada and the United Stateson the one hand, the relevant regulatory authorities have "made their stand clear"; on the other hand, the global layout of bitcoin has been advancing rapidly. How to determine the nature of bitcoin and its future development momentum have once again attracted the attention of all parties
Sheng Songcheng, director general of the survey and Statistics Department of the people's Bank of China, published an article entitled "virtual currency is not money in essence -- take bitcoin as an example" in his own name, emphasizing that virtual currency represented by bitcoin is not money in essence and it is difficult to become money
he believes that bitcoin lacks national credit support and is difficult to perform the function of commodity exchange medium as the base currency. Modern credit currency (paper money) represents national credit, and actually represents the proction and transaction of commodities in the whole society. As long as the national machine works normally, the coercive force of national laws can give the public trust in the standard currency. Bitcoin has no value itself, no national credit support, and no guarantee of the whole society's commodity proction and trade, so it does not have the value basis of money. In addition, bitcoin has no legal compensation and compulsion, and its circulation range is limited and unstable. Bitcoin has strong substitutability, so it is difficult to be a general equivalent
Secondly, the number and scale of bitcoin have set an upper limit, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern economic development. He believes that there is a contradiction between the limited quantity of bitcoin and the expanding social proction and commodity circulation. If bitcoin becomes the standard currency, it will inevitably lead to deflation and inhibit economic development. The limitation of quantity also makes bitcoin's function as a means of circulation and payment greatly reced, which makes it easier to become a speculative object rather than a medium of exchange Thirdly, bitcoin lacks a central regulation mechanism, which is not compatible with the modern credit currency system. Sheng Songcheng believes that bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, so it is easy to be over hyped, resulting in excessive price fluctuations, and can not become a pricing currency and circulation means, so it needs to be converted into bitcoin to pay; Bitcoin is also not controlled by the monetary authorities, so it is difficult to play the role of economic adjustment meansat the end of the article, Sheng Songcheng also made it clear that money is inseparable from economic operation and economic development, and is not a pure proct of technology. As long as there is no fundamental change in the form of modern economic and social organizations, the monetary system based on national credit will exist, and bitcoin and other virtual currencies will not become the standard currency of a country, and thus not the real currency, "but the Utopia of technology supremacy and absolute liberalism"
As for the prosperity and significance of bitcoin, Sheng Songcheng explained, "the emergence of bitcoin reflects people's worries about inflation under the condition of credit currency in a sense. Central banks should strengthen liquidity management, reasonably regulate money supply, keep prices basically stable, and promote stable economic and social development. "ring the writing period, our reporter contacted Sheng Songcheng again on issues related to bitcoin. He stressed again in the interview: "bitcoin is not the real currency, the real currency can only be the standard currency."
Sheng Songcheng said, "from the perspective of the history of monetary theory, bitcoin is not new. Its essence is the privatization of currency issuance or the non nationalization of currency. Hayek, a famous Austrian economist and Nobel laureate, put forward a proposal many years ago, and Friedman, a famous American economist, also made a similar proposal. However, their opinions are only a theoretical analysis tool, which is difficult to operate in real economic life, and the modern economy is increasingly inseparable from the country's macro-control. This financial crisis and its response is a good proof. Money is one of the main means of national macro-control and the basis of modern state and government. How can it be privatized? So I use the word "Utopia."“ In my opinion, technology can not replace the national attribute. Any digital currency can only be the realization form of standard currency. Therefore, electronic money will develop, and virtual money is utopia. " Sheng Songcheng said, "as long as there is a modern state, virtual currency will not be a currency. Many people ignore the national and social attributes behind money and think that money is just a natural entity. "as for the future development prospects of bitcoin, a commercial bank analyst interviewed said: "bitcoin trading, as a commodity trading behavior on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate in it at their own risk, and there is still a lot of room for development in this aspect. At present, in view of the fact that bitcoin has not had any impact on the monetary policy of central banks, and from the perspective of issuing technology, it seems to have enlightenment, so many central banks hold a wait-and-see attitude towards it. "
but as for whether bitcoin can play the role of currency in the future, or even international currency, the analyst said that it is "not optimistic". He said, "even if some countries want to use bitcoin as the world settlement currency, but it is in private hands, and the price fluctuates violently, can it become an international currency? Moreover, the important premise for it to become an international currency is that the authorities of all countries recognize its monetary nature, which itself is a difficult problem. "
Sheng Songcheng also said, "bitcoin does not have a value base; The price fluctuates sharply; There are three basic reasons why bitcoin can't become a world currency without the support of national monetary authorities. "1, the short-term factors that determine the price: supply and demand and market sentiment
the relationship between supply and demand means that if the amount of money spent on buying bitcoin is more than that spent on selling bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will rise. If more people buy bitcoin, it will rise
market sentiment refers to the views of the market and the media on the price trend of bitcoin at that time. When many people strongly see bitcoin, the market sentiment is confident, and the price of bitcoin will rise rapidly. If the media makes pessimistic reports on the price of bitcoin, it will affect people's confidence and lead people to sell bitcoin, and the price of bitcoin will fall
2, the medium-term factors that determine the price: policy, news and mining cost
on the policy side, it is the policy attitude of governments towards bitcoin. For example, the recent crackdown and regulation of bitcoin by the South Korean government has led to a sharp drop in the price of bitcoin in the near future. If more and more countries support and encourage the development of bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will be higher and higher. On the contrary, if many countries begin to suppress bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will continue to fall
on the news side, there are some important things in the bitcoin instry. For example, around December, the two major stock exchanges in the United States launched bitcoin futures, which are good for bitcoin and directly push the price of bitcoin up to about $20000
mining cost is the cost of bitcoin miners using machines to dig out bitcoin. At present, the cost of digging out a bitcoin is about 12000 US dollars, so it is difficult for the price of bitcoin to fall below 12000 US dollars. Mining cost is the bottom line of bitcoin price. With the continuous increase of mining costs, the reason is that more competitors enter the mining field, especially many large institutions, companies and countries
3 determines the long-term price factors: the US dollar trend, the global bubble, the official digital currency, and the block chain technology.
the trend of the US dollar. According to the personal analysis data, the US dollar will weaken in the next few years, which means that the global monetary system with us dollar as the world currency in the past will be rebuilt. The rise and future of bitcoin is to assume the identity and mission of the world currency
global bubble. Since the United States abolished the gold standard Bretton Woods system in 70s, many countries in the United States have been printing banknote printing machines. The bubble of currency has caused the global economic bubble and asset bubble. The global economic crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 is the crisis triggered by the currency bubble. At present, the global economic bubble and asset bubble have reached the critical point of collapse. The birth of bitcoin was e to the reason of the currency bubble, which made people no longer believe in the currency of national credit, and began to believe and recognize bitcoin.
official digital currency, countries around the world have begun to prepare to issue official digital currency, that is, digital currency issued by countries. Venezuela has issued a national level digital currency - Petroleum currency. Israel is preparing to issue it, Russia is also preparing to issue it, and the Japanese government is issuing it. 2018 will become the first year of the global official digital currency. The accelerated launch of official digital currency and its increasing popularity show that the value of bitcoin as internet currency is unlimited.
therefore, "bitcoin" is converted into value by "CPU power and time consumed" in host computing, which means that because miners need "so much power and time", the bitcoin g out will be worth so much money
in fact, the metaphor of this sentence seems wrong now. Suppose there is only one computer in the world to dig bitcoin slowly, or you can dig it all out. Therefore, the price of bitcoin depends more on belief (I believe that more and more people will use bitcoin, and bitcoin will be accepted by more and more people), as well as the capital inflow generated by belief.
there are many natural caves, many diamonds beside the magma, and many iron remains in the mine tunnel, all of which are fake
so ignore those special terrain directly
take a ladder with feet
open a 2x1xn vertical passage (alternate excavation, never dig at the foot)
place the ladder while digging, Cut a hole in the wall every other section to set fire and dig it all the way to the earth's crust. Don't be disturbed by the special terrain. When you encounter a natural cave, ignore it and pass through its inner wall. When you encounter magma or water, fill it in, In short, don't be disturbed by any special terrain (except end relics and brush cage)
decisively go down to the earth's crust
then go up four spaces, dig out a space, put on a torch, add a stove, a box, a tool platform, and After that, it will be your home.
if you can't mine on the surface for a long time, you can excavate at this height.
first dig a very long tunnel with a height of 4 and a width of 1.
then start digging the same tunnel from the two walls of the tunnel, Every two squares of this method can expose all the mineral deposits at this height.
if you dig diligently,
basically, a full set of diamond suits is not a dream.
if you want to dig iron, climb up another 12 squares and excavate in the same way.
remember that once you dig magma or water, you should immediately block the road with stone and discard it, Small life matters
aerial view of mine tunnel structure:
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone
stone The main road is vertical
the others are mine roads
which can be infinitely extended
according to this excavation method, all the mineral deposits here can be obtained in an orderly way
I emphasize again that the probability of mineral occurrence has nothing to do with the special terrain
even if you don't believe it,
the reason why you think there are many minerals in the cave is because there are many minerals exposed under the stone cover in the cave.
as for magma, it's even more unreliable
because magma is very likely to appear underground, So you can often find magma near the place where you dig the diamond
it has nothing to do with the diamond itself
it's just that people subjectively connect the two out of common sense
as for why they dig up to the earth's crust and then move up four spaces to settle down, Because 0 ~ 4 is the randomly generated area of the crust,
if you open space here, you will encounter obstacles from high to low.
another suggestion about diamond mining is that you should dig about 10 ~ 16 grids away from the crust,
because the probability of diamond appearing in its height is equal everywhere, and it will not appear more easily because of its deeper depth.
however, the closer the crust is, the darker the environment will be, It's like being covered with a layer of black fog (game setting)
even the light of the torch can't disperse this layer of black fog
so it's easy to get lost in the mine tunnel
a little higher and see clearly
the natural caves are intricate with each other, There is a very high probability of getting lost when you enter the mine.
even if you put a sign to show the way, you often get lost because you have no chance to go back to the original place to see the sign.
as a result, you often don't know how far you have run underground... You can't find the way back after collecting some mines, and you commit suicide, or you are killed by monsters, fall to death Burn to death by magma...
even if you use the method of digging up and putting stones under your feet to return to the surface, you can't find your way home because it's too far away...
believe me, it's very impractical, very risky, very lucky and stupid to go to the underground cave and try to find surface minerals without any effort...
if you need a small amount of minerals urgently, The best and wisest way is to excavate directly under the rock cover at the door of your home.
the mining method in this post is to excavate a large number of minerals and diamonds.
caves are mainly used for exploration, and the mine is a by-proct.
you can't explode gold because you don't use iron (and higher quality) pickaxe to dig, so you can't drop it.
although it's a paste party, you should also adopt it
there is no standard system at all,
the central bank is studying digital currency,
it is impossible to recognize bitcoin.