Who can surpass BTC
There are only 21 million bitcoins
"graphics card mining" is a joke. In fact, it is running a specific algorithm to generate bitcoin through a large number of calculations
{rrrrrrr}
extended materials:
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software was designed and released, and the P2P network on it was constructed. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
bitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
on February 26, 2014, Joe Manchin, a Democratic senator from West Virginia, issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the US federal government, hoping that the relevant authorities would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin's encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major bitcoin platforms officially began to collect transaction fees
The total number of bitcoins is 21 million
in 2009, when bitcoin was born, block reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the block reward will be halved to 25
when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, i.e. 50% of 1050), the block reward will be further halved to 12.5. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million
extended data
monetary characteristics
1. Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom
2. Global circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
3. Exclusive ownership: private key is needed to control bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
4. Low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution
5, no hidden cost: as a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome limit of quota and proceres. If you know the other party's bitcoin address, you can pay
6. Cross platform Mining: users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms
the assumption is that six data blocks can be generated every hour in the world, and 210000 data blocks can be generated every four years; Then it makes a decreasing payment for the return of data blocks, 50 bitcoin for each data block in the first four years, 25 bitcoin for each data block in the second four years, 12.5 bitcoin for each data block in the third four years, and so on... Finally, the total number of bitcoins is -
210000 x (50 + 25 + 12.5 + 6.25 + 3.125 +...) = 21 million
the cumulative sum in brackets is close to 100 and will never exceed 100, so the total number of bitcoins is 21 million
currently in the second four-year period, each calculated data block contains 25 bitcoins
2. There is no loss of wealth. Many people at home and abroad are digging for bitcoin, and they are also speculating in bitcoin. Computer and Internet speed can only determine the speed of bitcoin digging, but not the value of bitcoin. Even if you say that we dig abroad, we fry. Now we buy a bitcoin for $300, and there will be no bitcoin to dig in the future. Maybe a bitcoin will sell for $3000, and then we sell it again, won't we make a profit? Where is the loss of wealth? Of course, maybe a bitcoin will be worth $3 at that time. Who can say that it is not born by the central banks
3. In addition to bitcoin, there are several similar virtual currencies such as lightcoin. However, they all adopt similar design principles. Therefore, in the future, there will inevitably be a problem that the currency will eventually be widely recognized, and other currencies that are not recognized will be eliminated. Otherwise, a new virtual currency can pop up at any time. It's not the same as printing money, which completely goes against their original design intention.
Let's start with a simple conclusion: a year ago, the data showed that there were about 500000 BTC
two American brothers, Cameron winkleworth and Taylor winkleworth, claiming that they owned 1% of bitcoin [1] 1% of the world's bitcoin? At present, the total amount of bitcoin in the world is about 12 million, that is to say, the two brothers hold about 120000 bitcoins< maybe you don't think it's worth much, but note that the starting price of bitcoin for these two people is less than $10 / bitcoin
Please note that entities are used instead of people. In the analysis method of this paper, bitcoin wallets that may belong to the same owner are divided into the same entity, which may be not only a person, but also a trading organization like Mt. GOx in addition, through the analysis of the most active entity table given in this paper, the income of the people with the most income (excluding expenses) is less than 700000 BTC. In other words, the person with the most bitcoin will hold no more than 700000 bitcoins. How many people in the world own bitcoins? The paper concludes that as of May 13, 2012, 1.85 million entities hold bitcoin. If we assume that bitcoin users have grown linearly since the advent of bitcoin (January 2009), the current number should be 2.5 million. Because the number of entities is counted on paper, the actual number of bitcoin holders should be a little less than this number, but not much smaller, because after all, there are not many large trading platforms
In addition to the above two problems, [3] also gives many interesting conclusions, such as: < UL >about 55% of bitcoin can be saved without money
in places like GOx mountain, almost all deals are small ones
before May 2012, almost all large single transactions (& gt; 50000 BTC) are subsequent transactions of 90000 BTC on November 8, 2011. There are very strange patterns in this long list of transactions. For example, an entity divides 90000 BTCs into different sizes, sends them back to itself three times, and then sells them on Mt. GOx. 90000 BTCs sold are sent back to the entity through 90 different bitcoin addresses, with 1000 bitcoins per address. These operations indicate that the entity appears to be trying to hide the relationship between these transactions
1) two American brothers, Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss, claim to hold about 1% of bitcoin in the world? Now the total amount of bitcoin in the world is about 12 million BTC, that is to say, these two brothers hold about 120000 bitcoins. Maybe you don't think these are too valuable, but note that the starting price of bitcoin for these two people is below $10 / BTC. At the current market price of $430 / BTC, the yield is...... (2) Li Xiaolai claims that he is the first person in China to hold bitcoin, holding six digit bitcoin (no video link found.)
3) after the founder of the silk road was arrested, his 140000 bitcoin was seized by the FBI [2]
therefore, the people who have the most bitcoin should hold more than 1% of the world's total. This can be seen from the daily BTC holdings list
more systematic research comes from academia. The Israeli mathematician ADI Shamir (if the name is unfamiliar, he is the s in RSA algorithm) published a paper "quantitative analysis of the full bitcoin
transaction graph" in 2012, which analyzed the transaction records of the first 18000 blocks in the special currency system (as of May 13, 2012), This paper studies some interesting problems in bitcoin market
in their analysis results, at the end of the first 18000 blocks of chain, the entities with the most bitcoin holdings range from 200000 to 400000 BTC (the article does not give specific figures), and only one entity with more than 200000 bitcoin holdings. In history, the largest amount of money held was more than 500000 BTC, with two entities
note that "entity" is used instead of "person". In the analysis method of this paper, bitcoin wallets that may belong to the same owner are classified as the same entity. This entity may not only be a person, but also be a trading organization such as Mt. GOx
in addition, by analyzing the table of the most active entities given in the article, the income of the people with the most income (excluding expenses) is below 700000 BTC. In other words, the person who owns the most bitcoin will not hold more than 700000 BTC
theoretically, 2100 trillion, or 250.899. In terms of selecting this value, this number is far less than 264-1, which is the largest integer that can be stored in the form of standard integer in a computer. If it exceeds that value, the bitcoin value will return to zero like a odometer
but this is only theoretical, just theoretical. Just like the previous IP address regulations, no one expected that V4 would be used up so quickly. Now it is necessary to use V6. This so-called "maximum integer that can be stored in the form of standard integer" may be broken by the technology upgrade one day a year later, followed by the collapse of the whole bitcoin computing.
in the first four years, 50 pieces were g out every ten minutes: 50 * 6 * 24 * (365 * 4 + 1) = 10519200 pieces
in the second four years, 25 pieces were g out every ten minutes: 25 * 6 * 24 * (365 * 4 + 1) = 5259600 pieces
according to the sum formula of infinite equal ratio sequence, the final total amount is infinitely close to 21038400 pieces (10519200 * 2)
as long as the mining rules are not changed, the number of bitcoins will never exceed 21038400
eg: This paper is completed under the careful guidance and strong support of teacher XX. Teacher X has a great influence on me with his rigorous and realistic academic attitude, high professional spirit, conscientious, assious work style and bold and innovative enterprising spirit. Her profound knowledge, broad vision and keen thinking give me deep enlightenment. At the same time, in this graation project process, I also learned a lot about microbial fermentation knowledge, experimental skills have been greatly improved.
however, bitcoin is still the most popular decentralized virtual currency so far, but no one can guarantee that it will always be in this position. Now there are some alternative currencies inspired by bitcoin. However, a more reasonable assumption is that the new currency needs significant improvements to replace bitcoin in the established market. Of course, these are still unpredictable. Without changing the basic composition of the protocol, bitcoin may also adopt some measures to improve the competitive currency
I feel that Shanzhai currency can only occupy some bitcoin markets, but it can not replace bitcoin. For example, dog money has seized the charity and small reward market; Fuyuan currency seized the market of commercial integral system; Diablo takes over the geek market (better anonymity) and so on.