Bitcoin vulnerability in August 2010
some malware also make great use of the parallel computing power of graphics cards. In August 2011, botnet of bitcoin mining was discovered, and Mac OS X infected by Trojan horse was also discovered to mine bitcoin.
on June 19, 2011, security vulnerability of mt.gox (Magic: abbreviation of the gathering online exchange) bitcoin trading center caused the price of 1 bitcoin to drop to 1 cent (although other transactions were not affected). The reason is that a hacker stole the user's mtgox certificate from the computer infected with the Trojan horse, so he transferred bitcoin to his own account and sold it, resulting in a large number of "ask" requests at that price. A few minutes later, mtgox shut down and cancelled the abnormal transactions in the hacking incident, making the price of bitcoin rebound back to $15. In the end, the bitcoin exchange rate went back to what it was before the crash. Accounts equivalent to more than $8750000 were affected
in July 2011, the operator of bitomat, the world's third largest bitcoin trading center, announced the loss of access rights to the wallet.dat file that records 17000 bitcoins (about 220000 US dollars). At the same time, announced the decision to sell services to make up for the loss of users
in August 2011, mybitcoin, one of the processing centers of common bitcoin transactions, announced that it had been attacked by hackers and shut down. Involving 49% of customers' deposits, more than 78000 bitcoins (then equivalent to about $800000) are missing
in early August 2012, bitconica was sued in the San Francisco court for damages of about $460000. In 2012, bitconica was attacked twice by hackers, accused of ignoring the security of customers' funds and forging withdrawal applications
in late August 2012, bitcoin savings and trust was shut down by its owner, leaving about US $5.6 million in debt. At the same time, he was accused of operating the Ponzi scheme. In September 2012, the securities and Exchange Commission began to investigate the case
in September 2012, bitfloor trading center was also hacked, and 24000 bitcoins (about US $250000) were stolen. Bitfloor was suspended. Bitfloor resumed operations in the same month, and its founder said he had reported the theft to the FBI and that he was planning to compensate the victims, but the compensation schele was unclear
in June 2011, a hacker transferred 25000 bitcoins into his account, which is equivalent to 500000 US dollars. The whole transaction could not be traced. Although the owner of bitcoin announced the theft on the Internet, it was useless. The hacker became the first thief of bitcoin
in 2012, 46703 bitcoin worth US $228845 was stolen e to the disclosure of the super management password of the server of the website hosting provider linode. More than 43000 stolen bitcoins belong to bitcoinica, a bitcoin trading platform. Another 3094 bitcoins are owned by Marek palatinus, a Czech programmer. Gavin Andersen, the chief bitcoin programmer, also lost his five bitcoins.
Those people are living a good life now, those who played bitcoin in the early days & lt; The pig of tuyere & quot; Made a lot of money
the discussion of bitcoin in many forums is no longer limited to & quot; Is bitcoin a scam;, Instead, it extends to & lt; Can bitcoin become a global currency in my opinion, bitcoin is a full digital bubble. A virtual currency constructed by algorithm has no national support behind it. Moreover, the scarcity of bitcoin will inevitably lead to its appreciation very quickly, especially under the guidance of market economy. behind the currencies used by countries in daily life are endorsements with national prestige, just like the reason why the US dollar circulates around the world is not because the strong national strength of the United States ensures the liquidity of the US dollar Nakamoto's original simple idea of letting bitcoin replace the currencies of various countries and become the object of global circulation is a joke in terms of power struggle between countriesThe remitter pays bitcoin directly to the recipient's address through a computer or smart phone
bitcoin transaction data is packaged into a "data block" or "block", and the transaction is initially confirmed. When the block is connected to the previous block, the transaction will be further confirmed. After six successive large amount confirmations, this transaction has basically been irreversibly confirmed
bitcoin peer-to-peer network stores all its transaction history in the "blockchain". The blockchain continues to grow, and once new blocks are added to the blockchain, they can no longer be deleted. Blockchain is actually a distributed database, which is composed of a group of scattered customer nodes and all participants. It records the history of all bitcoin transactions
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users can buy bitcoin, and then use computers to do a lot of calculations to "mine" them. When users "dig" bitcoin, the computer will search for 64 digit numbers, and then compete with other gold diggers to repeatedly solve the puzzle and provide the number needed by the bitcoin network. If the user's computer successfully creates a set of numbers, it will get 25 bitcoins
From 2012 to 2014, bitcoin swept the world, graally forming a "virtual currency" instry chain represented by bitcoin. This is a reform of the financial instry and a new proct of the combination of the financial instry and the Internet. It represents a financial milestone in the new era and opens a new chapter in the history of the Internet. Bitcoin fund is one of the derivatives represented by bitcoin in the era of "virtual currency" FXCM China said bitcoin fund will open in autumn 2014. FXCM bitcoin fund, as the world's first mutually beneficial and win-win financial model, has a new look, but it is also full of temptations and challengesfrom 2010 to the beginning of 2012, few people knew about it, only some game players and geeks were playing it, and the number of domestic players began to increase in the second half of 2012. At that time, it was still the era of pyrograph card mining. At the beginning of 2013, the ASIC miner was born. Avalon delivered the world's first ASIC miner, and roasted cat issued the power stock
in April 2013, Avalon gave up the sales of the whole miner and opened up all miner design solutions except chip accidents. For a time, miner manufacturers emerged like spring training after rain
since August 2013, the positive reports of bitcoin in domestic media have been increasing, and the number of people who pay attention to bitcoin has also increased rapidly. The network index once reached more than 300000, and the price of bitcoin has been rising to about 8000 yuan. However, after the announcement of the central bank in December, the price of bitcoin began to fall all the way
in 2014, Avalon project developed a "variable computing power cluster system", and the price of bitcoin rose slowly in twists and turns.
at present, the vast majority of digital currency transactions are concted in exchanges. Among the numerous exchanges, bitfinex, binance, okex and so on are well-known
However, bitcoin and other digital currencies, as decentralized assets, have to be traded in a centralized exchange, which seems to have hidden contradictions and dangers1. Problems and challenges of stock exchanges=“ //www.yuanxue365.com/en/img_fd039245d688d43fdf16c83b761ed21b0ff43bbf ">
in February 2014, Mt. GOx, the world's largest bitcoin exchange at that time, was stolen 850000 bitcoins, and the price of bitcoin suffered a" cliff "crash on that day. Later, it was revealed that Mt. GOx was in fact a thief, and only 7000 bitcoins were actually stolen
in August 2016, bitfinex, the largest U.S. dollar bitcoin trading platform, suffered a security vulnerability, resulting in the theft of 120000 bitcoins, which was worth $65 million at that time. If converted into the price in December 2017, it would be worth nearly $2 billion
on December 19, 2017, South Korea's youbit exchange was attacked by hackers and lost 4000 bitcoins, and the exchange declared bankruptcy
on December 21, 2017, the Ukrainian liqui exchange was stolen 60000 bitcoins, and the unit price of bitcoin plummeted by US $2000
in 2018, such a drama will only continue
in addition to the threat of hackers, traditional exchanges also have some inherent shortcomings, such as lack of supervision and inefficiency. The security of the exchange for investors can only rely on its own credit, and the cost of running is very low. The stock exchange is regulated at the national level, but there is no such sword of Damocles on the top of the digital currency exchange. Moreover, in an exchange, the same order can only be submitted to one exchange. After the user places an order, the funds used for the transaction will be frozen and can only wait for the completion or cancellation of the transaction. These are undoubtedly inefficient
All in all, the problems of exchanges are the problems of centralization2. Decentralization of exchanges=“ //www.yuanxue365.com/en/img_86d6277f9e2f070889a173c9e224b899a801f257 ">
(1) the progress of the exchange itself
the upgrade of security means is various. At present, the best use is cold wallet, that is, to keep the digital currency in the offline U disk. At the end of 2017, when the YouTube exchange was attacked, 75% of its assets were withdrawn into the cold purse in time to avoid greater losses. However, it seems to be a helpless way to protect the online assets by offline means. Of course, there should be many other methods, which will not be repeated here
(2) the representative of cross ledger transaction is ripple network, and the operating company is ripple labs, which is a semi centralized system. Ripple is a decentralized clearing agreement. In order to solve the high cost and delay of inter-bank clearing, its base currency is XRP. Ripple network can connect all kinds of assets, such as US dollar, RMB, Japanese yen, bitcoin, etc. to its own network. In this system, U.S. dollars or bitcoin can be converted into reborn currency, and then reborn currency can circulate freely in the network, just as a highway is built between various assets. Due to the support of major banking institutions, the reborn currency achieved nearly 300 times growth in 2017
(3) decentralized exchange
some teams try to use blockchain technology to build a decentralized exchange. This kind of decentralized exchange, to some extent, is an extension of cross ledger trading
bitshares is the most representative of early rising projects. It builds a blockchain development platform with servers scattered all over the world. Even if some of them are attacked, the system will not collapse. Anyone can transfer money and borrow money freely on this platform, and can also quickly build a centralized exchange based on this platform. In order to ensure stable value, bitstocks also require three times of digital assets as collateral. At present, bitstocks are running fairly well
later, with the development of Ethereum and smart contract, the x x protocol came into being. This is an open protocol running in the Ethereum blockchain and a decentralized exchange in the Ethereum ecosystem. The agreement has attracted many investors. At present, it has completed financing and started to build open source software tools and infrastructure. Of course, there are many competitors. Ether Delta, IDEX and oasis DEX are trying to provide similar functions. Moreover, it is a smart contract system based on Ethereum, which only supports erc20 token. If other smart contract public chains start to rise, the demand will be reced
in addition, there are some teams that are entering, such as the domestic road seal agreement, looping (LRC) in English. They adopted a design similar to the X protocol, and also introced a fast payment function similar to the lightning network. It is characterized by trying to match multiple exchanges, the user's order can be broadcast to multiple exchanges, and completed by different exchanges. Moreover, the user can still use the account funds after placing an order, and the user's behavior of transferring part or all of the funds is equivalent to partial or total cancellation. To some extent, it improves the breadth and timeliness of the transaction. However, this system seems to have damaged the "power" of the existing exchanges. Whether we can persuade everyone to play together will be a difficult problem
At present, there is still a long way to go for the construction of decentralized exchange. In 3-5 years, traditional exchange will still be the main battlefield of digital currency However, in the future, it is worth looking forward to let the decentralized digital currency get rid of the shackles of centralizationon the afternoon of December 5, the people's Bank of China issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks, in which the people's Bank of China said that bitcoin is not a currency, but a virtual commodity. In addition, financial institutions and Payment institutions are not allowed to carry out business related to bitcoin
in order to avoid over hype of virtual commodities such as bitcoin in the name of "virtual currency" and damage the public interest and the legal tender status of RMB, the notice requires financial institutions and Payment institutions to correctly use the concept of currency in their daily work, pay attention to strengthening the ecation of public currency knowledge, and correctly understand currency, treat virtual commodities and virtual currency, and promote the development of virtual currency Rational investment, reasonable control of investment risk, and maintenance of their own property safety are included in the content of financial knowledge popularization activities, so as to guide the public to establish a correct concept of money and investment. I hope I can help you
If we can go back to 2010, a lot of things can be invested (of course, buy Germany 7:1 Brazil, buy Leicester City Premier League champion, buy Knights 1-3 great reversal warriors, etc.), it's very exciting to think about it
If I can go back to 2010, I will first invest in bitcoin. In 2009, bitcoin was born. In 2010, bitcoin was still very cheap. I wanted to buy as much as I had, and I wanted to buy all kinds of borrowed money. You know, in the distant year of 2009, when the price was less than one cent, a dollar could be converted into 1300 bitcoins