Issuing token based on bitcoin
Publish: 2021-04-18 05:23:00
1.
1、 Different definitions:
1. virtual currency:
virtual currency refers to non real currency
digital currency:digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy
3. Cryptocurrency:
cryptocurrency is a kind of transaction medium that uses cryptography principles to ensure transaction security and control the creation of transaction units
4. Token (token):
a kind of article whose shape and size are similar to currency, but the scope of use is limited and has no currency effect, and its token is the homonym of token in English
Second, the characteristics are different:1; It can also be said that virtual currency is personalized currency. In another way, it can also be called information currency
2. Digital currency:
is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities
Cryptocurrency:cryptocurrency is based on the decentralized consensus mechanism, which is opposite to the banking and financial system relying on the centralized regulatory system
4. Token (token):
usually needs to be exchanged for money, used in shops, playgrounds, mass transportation and other places, as a voucher to use services and exchange goods
extended data
at present, digital currency is more like an investment proct, because it lacks a strong guarantee agency to maintain its price stability, and its role as a value measure has not yet appeared, so it can not be used as a means of payment. As an investment proct, digital currency cannot develop without trading platform, operating company and investment company
digital currency is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the blockchain technology it relies on has been decentralized and can be used in other fields except digital currency, which is one of the reasons why bitcoin is popular; On the other hand, if digital currency is widely used by the public as a kind of currency, it will have a huge impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy, financial infrastructure, financial market and financial stability
2. Log in to China bitcoin chbtc website and click the [finance] menu bar;
3. Bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open source P2P software. Digital currency is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin is also paraphrased as "bitcoin.". Short for: BTC Coucet. Asia)
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcash, EOS, REBO, etc. are the mainstream digital currencies, which can be properly invested. All transactions are risky, so be cautious. You can search online for fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platform, etc
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcash, EOS, REBO, etc. are the mainstream digital currencies, which can be properly invested. All transactions are risky, so be cautious. You can search online for fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platform, etc
4. Blockchain technology can be applied to many instries:
Art Instry
ascribe allows artists to declare ownership, issue numbered and limited edition works, and aim at any type of artwork in digital form. It even includes a trading market where artists can buy and sell through their websites without any intermediary services
legal instry
bitproof is the most advanced of many document time stamp applications emerging in recent years, which will make the traditional notarization method a thing of the past. Bitproof offers more services than versions including blocksgin and originstaemp, including one for intellectual property. Interestingly, bitproof recently cooperated with an it school in San Francisco to put their students' academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how to handle and use diplomas and student certificates
development instry
colu is the first enterprise to allow other enterprises to issue digital assets. They can "token" all kinds of assets and make a profound impact on many people. Although the bitcoin wallet couperparty also allows the issuance of simple tokens and transactions among other wallet holders, the tokens of colu can be set with various states and types, and can be detached from or returned to the system. When the data stored on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network
network mutual aid instry
concentric mutual aid is the first blockchain network mutual aid platform to be implemented and applied. Technically, through blockchain and big data technology, the defects of traditional network mutual aid mode can be eliminated, and a new open and transparent network mutual aid platform can be established.
Art Instry
ascribe allows artists to declare ownership, issue numbered and limited edition works, and aim at any type of artwork in digital form. It even includes a trading market where artists can buy and sell through their websites without any intermediary services
legal instry
bitproof is the most advanced of many document time stamp applications emerging in recent years, which will make the traditional notarization method a thing of the past. Bitproof offers more services than versions including blocksgin and originstaemp, including one for intellectual property. Interestingly, bitproof recently cooperated with an it school in San Francisco to put their students' academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how to handle and use diplomas and student certificates
development instry
colu is the first enterprise to allow other enterprises to issue digital assets. They can "token" all kinds of assets and make a profound impact on many people. Although the bitcoin wallet couperparty also allows the issuance of simple tokens and transactions among other wallet holders, the tokens of colu can be set with various states and types, and can be detached from or returned to the system. When the data stored on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network
network mutual aid instry
concentric mutual aid is the first blockchain network mutual aid platform to be implemented and applied. Technically, through blockchain and big data technology, the defects of traditional network mutual aid mode can be eliminated, and a new open and transparent network mutual aid platform can be established.
5. Progress of Wu Ying case:
February 13, 2007: Wu Ying was detained by criminal law
Wu Ying, Zhejiang's "hundreds of millions of rich sisters in Dongyang", who had attracted attention at home and abroad for creating the myth of "overnight wealth", was recently detained by the Public Security Bureau of Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province. At present, Dongyang municipal government has started to check the assets and capital of Wu Ying's "Bense group". More than 700 employees of the group have been paid in advance by the municipal government, and the relevant disposal work is proceeding in an orderly manner
March 16, 2007: Wu Ying was approved for arrest
with the approval of Dongyang people's Procuratorate, Wu Ying, 26, chairman of Bense group, was arrested by Dongyang Public Security Bureau on March 16, Zhejiang Province after 37 days of criminal detention for suspected illegal absorption of public deposits< On February 25, 2008, Zhejiang court accepted the case of Wu Ying suspected of illegal fund-raising.
the people's Court of Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, has formally accepted the prosecution against Wu Ying and Bense Holding Group Co., Ltd., which were accused of illegally absorbing more than 700 million yuan of public deposits. At the same time, Lin Weiping and other seven people were prosecuted< December 18, 2009: Wu Ying was sentenced to death for fund-raising fraud in the first instance
Jinhua intermediate people's court made a first instance judgment, sentenced the defendant Wu Ying to death for the crime of fund-raising fraud, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all his personal property
December 28, 2009: Wu Ying filed an appeal against the death sentence of the first instance
in the appeal petition, Wu Ying put forward five appeal reasons, believing that her behavior did not constitute the crime of fund-raising fraud, and hoped that the court of second instance could change the sentence according to law< On April 7, 2011, Wu Ying admitted the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits in the court of second instance
Zhejiang Provincial Higher People's court held a court session in Jinhua intermediate people's court to conct the second instance of Wu Ying case. In the second instance, Wu Ying's defense lawyer still defended her innocence. Wu Ying pleaded guilty in court, admitting that she had been prosecuted by Dongyang City procuratorate for the crime of illegally raising public deposits< January 18, 2012: the second instance of Zhejiang Higher People's Court upheld Wu Ying's death sentence
the higher people's Court of Zhejiang Province pronounced a sentence in the second instance of the Wu Ying case, ruled to reject the defendant Wu Ying's appeal, upheld the death sentence of the defendant Wu Ying, and submitted it to the Supreme People's court for review in accordance with the law< April 20, 2012: the Supreme People's court did not approve Wu Ying's death sentence and sent it back to Zhejiang high court for retrial
after the Supreme People's court accepted the review case of the defendant Wu Ying's capital raising fraud death sentence, it formed a collegial panel according to law, reviewed all the file materials and interrogated the defendant, and now the review has been completed. On April 20, the Supreme People's court ruled in accordance with the law not to approve Wu Ying's death penalty and sent the case back to the higher people's Court of Zhejiang Province for retrial< May 21, 2012: Wu Ying's death sentence was changed to a reprieve in the retrial of the case of fund-raising fraud
after the retrial, the Zhejiang Provincial Higher People's court made the final judgment on Wu Ying's case, sentenced the defendant Wu Ying to death for the crime of fund-raising fraud, suspended for two years, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all his personal property
on June 5, 2014, the Dongyang municipal government took the lead in setting up a "Wu Ying case asset disposal group" with personnel from the court, public security, land, housing management, state owned assets, instry and commerce as members of the disposal group and vice mayor Chen Jun as leader. At the same time, five creditors, including Lin Weiping, were invited to set up a Wu Ying case asset disposal supervision group to supervise the whole process of asset disposal
on July 23, 2014, Lin Wencai, Wu Ying's entrusted agent, applied to Dongyang municipal government for Chen Jun's withdrawal on the ground that Chen Jun had bribed Wu Ying for more than 100000 yuan before the accident
on September 4, 2014, Dongyang Procuratorate of Zhejiang Province made a decision not to approve the arrest of Wu Yongzheng and Lin Wencai for the crime of false accusation and frame up. The criminal compulsory measure of the two persons was changed to l pending trial< Latest progress:
on July 11, 2014, the commutation case of Wu Ying, Zhejiang's "hundred million rich sister", was tried in Zhejiang women's prison. The court ruled that Wu Ying's sentence was commuted from death sentence suspension to life imprisonment< On May 21, 2012, Wu Ying, the former legal representative of Zhejiang Bense Holding Group Co., Ltd., was sentenced to death by Zhejiang Provincial Higher People's Court (hereinafter referred to as Zhejiang Provincial High Court) with a two-year reprieve for the crime of fund-raising fraud< In order to determine whether Wu Ying meets the conditions of death sentence suspension and commutation stipulated in the eighth amendment to the criminal law, the court decided to hold a court session to hear her commutation case. According to the announcement (2014) zxzz No. 484 of Zhejiang Provincial High Court published by zhefa.com, the court session was held at 9:30 a.m. on July 11 in Zhejiang women's prison, and the trial method was open trial< According to the law, the death penalty is suspended. If there is no intentional crime ring the period of suspension of execution, it will be reced to life imprisonment after the expiration of the period. If there is a major meritorious performance, it will be reced to 25 years' imprisonment. If there is an intentional crime, the death penalty will be executed by the Supreme Court
according to the final judgment, the value of Wu Ying's property seized is 170 million yuan. However, Wu Ying thinks that the appraisal conclusion is obviously on the low side and many assets are missing
on February 20, 2013, Wu Ying's family submitted a criminal complaint to the Supreme People's court, demanding that the (2012) zhe Xing Er Chong Zi No. 1 criminal judgment made by the Zhejiang Provincial High People's court be annulled according to law, and that Wu Ying's assets can fully pay off her debts
according to the relevant provisions of the criminal procere law, if the Zhejiang Provincial High Court accepts the above appeal and files a case, it should make a decision within 3-6 months. However, Zhu Jianwei said that the Zhejiang Provincial High Court has not yet made an acceptance reply to the complaint, but has not told it that it will not accept it, which is still pending, making it impossible for them to take the next action. There are still several administrative and civil proceedings in the Wu Ying case, but there is no progress at present
on March 26, 2015, Wu Ying's lawyers Zhu Jianwei and LV Haibo went to Dongyang, Zhejiang province again. After discussing with Wu Ying's father Wu Yongzheng, they decided to submit a supplementary petition to Zhejiang Provincial High Court and other departments by express mail, which may usher in a new dawn for Wu Ying's case
at the same time, in early March, the State Affairs Office of the CPC Central Committee issued the opinions on further standardizing the disposal of property involved in criminal proceedings, demanding to solve such prominent problems as unfair justice, corruption and perversion of the law in the process of disposal of property involved in criminal proceedings. Wu Ying's lawyers pointed out that there are many irregularities and even violations in the disposal of the assets involved in the case. They will urge the relevant parties to implement the spirit of the above documents.
February 13, 2007: Wu Ying was detained by criminal law
Wu Ying, Zhejiang's "hundreds of millions of rich sisters in Dongyang", who had attracted attention at home and abroad for creating the myth of "overnight wealth", was recently detained by the Public Security Bureau of Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province. At present, Dongyang municipal government has started to check the assets and capital of Wu Ying's "Bense group". More than 700 employees of the group have been paid in advance by the municipal government, and the relevant disposal work is proceeding in an orderly manner
March 16, 2007: Wu Ying was approved for arrest
with the approval of Dongyang people's Procuratorate, Wu Ying, 26, chairman of Bense group, was arrested by Dongyang Public Security Bureau on March 16, Zhejiang Province after 37 days of criminal detention for suspected illegal absorption of public deposits< On February 25, 2008, Zhejiang court accepted the case of Wu Ying suspected of illegal fund-raising.
the people's Court of Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, has formally accepted the prosecution against Wu Ying and Bense Holding Group Co., Ltd., which were accused of illegally absorbing more than 700 million yuan of public deposits. At the same time, Lin Weiping and other seven people were prosecuted< December 18, 2009: Wu Ying was sentenced to death for fund-raising fraud in the first instance
Jinhua intermediate people's court made a first instance judgment, sentenced the defendant Wu Ying to death for the crime of fund-raising fraud, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all his personal property
December 28, 2009: Wu Ying filed an appeal against the death sentence of the first instance
in the appeal petition, Wu Ying put forward five appeal reasons, believing that her behavior did not constitute the crime of fund-raising fraud, and hoped that the court of second instance could change the sentence according to law< On April 7, 2011, Wu Ying admitted the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits in the court of second instance
Zhejiang Provincial Higher People's court held a court session in Jinhua intermediate people's court to conct the second instance of Wu Ying case. In the second instance, Wu Ying's defense lawyer still defended her innocence. Wu Ying pleaded guilty in court, admitting that she had been prosecuted by Dongyang City procuratorate for the crime of illegally raising public deposits< January 18, 2012: the second instance of Zhejiang Higher People's Court upheld Wu Ying's death sentence
the higher people's Court of Zhejiang Province pronounced a sentence in the second instance of the Wu Ying case, ruled to reject the defendant Wu Ying's appeal, upheld the death sentence of the defendant Wu Ying, and submitted it to the Supreme People's court for review in accordance with the law< April 20, 2012: the Supreme People's court did not approve Wu Ying's death sentence and sent it back to Zhejiang high court for retrial
after the Supreme People's court accepted the review case of the defendant Wu Ying's capital raising fraud death sentence, it formed a collegial panel according to law, reviewed all the file materials and interrogated the defendant, and now the review has been completed. On April 20, the Supreme People's court ruled in accordance with the law not to approve Wu Ying's death penalty and sent the case back to the higher people's Court of Zhejiang Province for retrial< May 21, 2012: Wu Ying's death sentence was changed to a reprieve in the retrial of the case of fund-raising fraud
after the retrial, the Zhejiang Provincial Higher People's court made the final judgment on Wu Ying's case, sentenced the defendant Wu Ying to death for the crime of fund-raising fraud, suspended for two years, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all his personal property
on June 5, 2014, the Dongyang municipal government took the lead in setting up a "Wu Ying case asset disposal group" with personnel from the court, public security, land, housing management, state owned assets, instry and commerce as members of the disposal group and vice mayor Chen Jun as leader. At the same time, five creditors, including Lin Weiping, were invited to set up a Wu Ying case asset disposal supervision group to supervise the whole process of asset disposal
on July 23, 2014, Lin Wencai, Wu Ying's entrusted agent, applied to Dongyang municipal government for Chen Jun's withdrawal on the ground that Chen Jun had bribed Wu Ying for more than 100000 yuan before the accident
on September 4, 2014, Dongyang Procuratorate of Zhejiang Province made a decision not to approve the arrest of Wu Yongzheng and Lin Wencai for the crime of false accusation and frame up. The criminal compulsory measure of the two persons was changed to l pending trial< Latest progress:
on July 11, 2014, the commutation case of Wu Ying, Zhejiang's "hundred million rich sister", was tried in Zhejiang women's prison. The court ruled that Wu Ying's sentence was commuted from death sentence suspension to life imprisonment< On May 21, 2012, Wu Ying, the former legal representative of Zhejiang Bense Holding Group Co., Ltd., was sentenced to death by Zhejiang Provincial Higher People's Court (hereinafter referred to as Zhejiang Provincial High Court) with a two-year reprieve for the crime of fund-raising fraud< In order to determine whether Wu Ying meets the conditions of death sentence suspension and commutation stipulated in the eighth amendment to the criminal law, the court decided to hold a court session to hear her commutation case. According to the announcement (2014) zxzz No. 484 of Zhejiang Provincial High Court published by zhefa.com, the court session was held at 9:30 a.m. on July 11 in Zhejiang women's prison, and the trial method was open trial< According to the law, the death penalty is suspended. If there is no intentional crime ring the period of suspension of execution, it will be reced to life imprisonment after the expiration of the period. If there is a major meritorious performance, it will be reced to 25 years' imprisonment. If there is an intentional crime, the death penalty will be executed by the Supreme Court
according to the final judgment, the value of Wu Ying's property seized is 170 million yuan. However, Wu Ying thinks that the appraisal conclusion is obviously on the low side and many assets are missing
on February 20, 2013, Wu Ying's family submitted a criminal complaint to the Supreme People's court, demanding that the (2012) zhe Xing Er Chong Zi No. 1 criminal judgment made by the Zhejiang Provincial High People's court be annulled according to law, and that Wu Ying's assets can fully pay off her debts
according to the relevant provisions of the criminal procere law, if the Zhejiang Provincial High Court accepts the above appeal and files a case, it should make a decision within 3-6 months. However, Zhu Jianwei said that the Zhejiang Provincial High Court has not yet made an acceptance reply to the complaint, but has not told it that it will not accept it, which is still pending, making it impossible for them to take the next action. There are still several administrative and civil proceedings in the Wu Ying case, but there is no progress at present
on March 26, 2015, Wu Ying's lawyers Zhu Jianwei and LV Haibo went to Dongyang, Zhejiang province again. After discussing with Wu Ying's father Wu Yongzheng, they decided to submit a supplementary petition to Zhejiang Provincial High Court and other departments by express mail, which may usher in a new dawn for Wu Ying's case
at the same time, in early March, the State Affairs Office of the CPC Central Committee issued the opinions on further standardizing the disposal of property involved in criminal proceedings, demanding to solve such prominent problems as unfair justice, corruption and perversion of the law in the process of disposal of property involved in criminal proceedings. Wu Ying's lawyers pointed out that there are many irregularities and even violations in the disposal of the assets involved in the case. They will urge the relevant parties to implement the spirit of the above documents.
6. In August 7th,
2018, the people's Procuratorate of Funan Province, Anhui Province, has just accepted the case of 94 suspected suspect of fraud, such as Yan, Dongyang, Zou Deyun and Huang Zhaoming, which were transferred to the public security organs for examination and prosecution, or referred to as "1. 16" super telecom network fraud. p>
after the public security organ investigated the case on January 16 this year, the procuratorial organ of Fuyang City intervened in advance to guide the investigation organ to collect, fix and improve relevant evidence. The people's Procuratorate of Funan County made an arrest decision for 92 people suspected of fraud, including Yan Dongyang and Huang chaoming, and took compulsory residential surveillance measures for the other two people. At present, the case is being further handled
7. It is based on a new type of distributed ledger DAG, which is developed for the underlying technology. DAG is also known as directed acyclic. Generally speaking, any edge has a direction, and there is no loop. From the perspective of technology specialty, DAG technology has relatively good balance in security, decentralization and scalability, This is also the pursuit of traditional blockchain values.
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