BTC bottom logic
on January 3, 2009, Nakamoto g up the first batch of 50 bitcoins on a small server in Helsinki, Finland
on May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: Laszlo hanyecz, a Florida programmer, bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC
on July 16, 2010, the price of BTC rose by US $0.08 from US $0.008. The first sharp price fluctuation shows the rise of new things
on July 17, 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established
on November 6, 2010, the price on mtgox reached $0.5, and the bitcoin economy reached $1 million
on December 7, 2010, the first portable device to portable device transaction was realized on Nokia 900, with a transaction volume of 0.42btc
on February 9, 2011, the price reached US $1 for the first time, which is equivalent to US $1. The news that BTC is equivalent to us dollar has been widely reported by the media, which has aroused people's great attention, and the number of new users has increased greatly. In the next two months, bitcoin and pound sterling, Brazilian currency, Polish currency exchange trading platform has opened
on March 18, 2011, the BTC / USD exchange rate hit a seven week low, falling to US $0.7
on August 20, 2011, the first bitcoin conference and World Expo were held in New York. Among Google trend counties, bitcoin's attention reached a new high, with a price of $11 at that time
on November 14, 2011, the price of bitcoin hit a new half year low of $1.99
on September 15, 2012, the bitcoin conference was held in London. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $11.8
on September 27, 2012, bitcoin fund was founded, and the price of bitcoin was $12.46
on November 25, 2012, the first bitcoin conference in Europe was held in Prague, Czech Republic. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $12.6
on February 19, 2013, bitcoin client v8.0 was released. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $28.66
on April 10, 2013, BTC set a record high price of $110
on May 9, 2013, BTC Chinese, the largest bitcoin reporting website www.sosobtc.com The company obtained the investment fund Union Square's US $5 million round a investment, and the price of bitcoin was US $112.09 at this time< On May 28, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security banned the virtual currency service of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican exchange company, for its suspected xiqian and unlicensed fund transfer business, U.S. prosecutors said that this will become the largest international xiqian lawsuit in history, with the scale of absorbing money reaching 6 billion US dollars. A large number of users, including China, will lose all their money. At this time, the price of bitcoin is 128 US dollars
in June 2013, Netcom said that the United States will withdraw from qe3, deflationary bitcoin and quantitative easing monetary policy, which are the relationship between the two
on June 27, 2013, the German Conference made a decision: holding bitcoin for more than one year will be tax-free, which is considered by the instry to recognize the legal status of bitcoin. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $102.24
on June 28, 2013, mtgox obtained the monetary service license issued by the financial crime enforcement network office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Transaction standardization may mean that bitcoin is on the right track, government risk is reced, and its pace of integration into the display economy will be accelerated. At the same time, it will play an exemplary role in other virtual currencies. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $97.99
on November 28, 2013, the bitcoin trading price of Mt. GOx, a popular bitcoin exchange, broke through $1000, reaching a record high of $1073
on November 29, 2013, the trading price of bitcoin on Mt. GOx, a popular exchange, hit a record high of US $1242, while the price of gold was US $1241.98 an ounce, surpassing that of gold for the first time.
The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer
The price of a bitcoin soared from more than $20000 to $40000. This can not help but arouse my research interest, or simply understand what bitcoin is, what its mechanism looks like, and uncover its mystery. Therefore, after a simple search of some information and some understanding of the special currency, I sorted out the information on hand< (3) purpose: decentralize, rece risk
all servers in the distributed network can store and process data, and each server has equal status, which can store more data and has higher security<
this is the general content of popular science. If you want to know more about it, you can take a look at Nakamoto's paper and the official popular science video below
1. This does not need too many settings, the best graphics card to use NV graphics card 2, the system win10, the power supply is sufficient, the latest version of the motherboard BIOS, the BIOS settings for the main graphics card to PCI e
2, the hard disk must be GPT format, the system must be 64 bit, UEFI does not support 32-bit system
note: UEFI can boot x64 system on MBR disk, but it needs special settings
3. The traditional MBR partition only supports 2.2t hard disk, and the hard disk larger than 2.2t needs GPT, and the BIOS supports opening the integrated graphics card (which can be set) to double display
However, Qicaihong does not have the motherboard of h81-a. h81-a is an ASUS brand and can not support six graphics cardsselect factory settings in BIOS, press enter to save and exit, then discharge the main board COMS, and then enter BIOS to set
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seven rainbow motherboard boot into BIOS method:
1, you can press del key to enter BIOS
2. You can boot the BIOS directly without connecting the hard disk
there are two conditions for supported graphics cards:
1. Several graphics cards are supported in a few slots, and the expansion slots of ciex1 and pciex16
The main board power supply and power supply are enough. When most motherboards are turned on, you can enter the BIOS interface by continuously pressing the "del" key. Some notebooks can only enter the BIOS interface by pressing F2 BIOS is not only the basic input and output system of computer motherboard, but also the basic system of communication and recognition between computer hardwarecontents include: power settings, hardware on / off, hardware working mode settings, overclocking, etc. The contents of bios are in English. Now some brands of new motherboards support Chinese. The options in BIOS can't be set randomly without understanding its specific function, so as to avoid the computer can't boot normally
its main function is to provide the most direct hardware setting and control for the computer. In addition, BIOS also provides some system parameters to the operating system
the change of system hardware is hidden by BIOS, and the program uses BIOS function instead of directly controlling the hardware. Modern operating systems ignore the abstraction layer provided by BIOS and directly control hardware components
BIOS Setup program mainly manages and sets the basic input and output system of the computer to make the system run in the best state. Using BIOS Setup program can eliminate system faults or diagnose system problems
blockchain technology is a new technology derived from the development of bitcoin economy, blockchain technology can effectively serve the bitcoin economy , they are interrelated. Bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency, which only circulates in a specific network economic environment, blockchain technology can not only be applied to the economy, but also can be used in all walks of life , which is their difference
Blockchain technologybecause blockchain technology is still a new proct at present, it has no accurate or definite definition and concept. In short, blockchain technology is a mode of data encryption management, which can protect data to a great extent. Blockchain technology is characterized by decentralization, openness, independence, security and anonymity. Its characteristics well adapt to the requirements of information protection and information disclosure in all walks of life. On the one hand, it ensures the security of data and avoids the interference of subjective emotions and system failures. On the other hand, data indivials can decide whether to hide their detailed information in the group to the greatest extent, so as to achieve the purpose of privacy protection
At the same time, there is no doubt that the blockchain technology is still in the state of preliminary development. The social understanding of it is not deep enough, and scholars are still in the stage of continuous exploration. Through the correct use, blockchain technology will bring many positive effects to the societyNo. Virtual currency with good operation and investment will survive for a long time and will not go bankrupt in a few months, such as bitcoin and internet currency of Internet companies
there are various types of virtual currencies. The virtual currencies with high acceptance abroad are Facebook's f currency, online game second life's Linden currency, etc., while the representative virtual currencies in China are Tencent's Q currency, Sina's u currency, online currency, Shanda Yuanbao, etc
virtual currency is different from check and telegraphic transfer. The value that virtual currency can't realize can't be transferred by bank. At present, it can only circulate in the network world. Virtual currency is released by various network organizations, and there is no unified issuance and management standard
2. The special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider is used to purchase the services in the website the most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase value-added services such as membership and QQ show
3. Virtual currency on the Internet. For example, bitcoin, Wright currency, etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency
blockchain technology is not only the underlying technology of bitcoin, but also the core and infrastructure of bitcoin bitcoin has been running without any centralized organization operation and management. Later, bitcoin technology was abstracted, which was called blockchain technology or distributed ledger technology
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disadvantages of blockchain technology applied to digital currency:
first, there is no circulation management organization for "decentralization" blockchain technology is essentially a distributed database system with one-way linked list logic structure and P2P network design mode, which determines that there is no unified central control system for virtual currency based on blockchain technology
Second, it is difficult to effectively control the quantity supply the circulation of virtual currency based on blockchain technology is fixed, and according to Fisher Equation, the total transaction volume of the whole society under a certain price level in a certain period has a certain proportion with the required nominal currency volume, while the constant currency volume obviously can not meet the requirements of the growing total price of social goods Thirdly, "mining mechanism" is difficult to create recognized value bitcoin itself has no value and no national credit support. Some people think that "by continuously consuming computing power and energy to inject value into virtual currency", but it is obviously not the most efficient choice to consume millions of calculations in order to find a hash value that meets the requirements Fourthly, procers and early holders are easy to get high seigniorage any virtual currency based on blockchain technology is held by a few people at the initial stage of its development. Take bitcoin as an example. At first, bitcoin was only a proct of a few people's game. The first bitcoin purchase in May 2010 was $10000 BTC's purchase of $25 pizza. The first bitcoin transaction completed in July of the same year was $0.04/btcChinese mainland bitcoin game player has been transferred to Hongkong after a lot of closes. The exchange can be used as futures by some exchanges, which is about 10-20 times of leverage. Combined with the over-the-counter trading, even after the "outbreak", the trading volume is only 1 / 100 of the previous on-the-spot trading volume. It can be seen that the number of players participating in bitcoin trading has been greatly reced, and a few speculators have managed to maintain the bitcoin price with the help of leverage< However, it is hard to imagine that these speculators are totally supported by free funds. Considering the borrowing cost of funds, the fact that the world has entered a cycle of monetary tightening, and the increasing attention paid by more and more countries to the risk of speculating in digital assets, regulatory policies will become more and more intensive. I am afraid that this kind of high price without foundation will not last for too long. Could it be that a few early hoarders deliberately made the game in order to find the receiver? It's not impossible
on the other hand, the official digital currency is also under intensive preparation. In fact, since the second half of 2016, there has been more and more discussion on official legal digital currency in China. In September 2017, China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation also set up a blockchain Research Institute to track and study digital currency technology, which is generally regarded as a precursor for the Chinese government to accelerate the research and launch of digital currency. China is likely to be the first country to issue official legal digital currency
of course, this process will not be achieved overnight, and the final proct will be quite different from digital assets such as bitcoin, which is more like a digital legal currency based on cryptography. Now the suspense is whether the settlement mode of this new legal digital currency is real-time Centralized Settlement similar to the current online banking mode, or offline point-to-point settlement. If it is the latter, the application prospect will be broader, and the use may be more comprehensive
in the final analysis, money is the medium of transaction and the means of storing wealth, and its essence is the embodiment of credit. Therefore, in order to play the role of money in a long period of time, this medium must have considerable credit. At present and in the foreseeable future, the strongest credit still comes from the powerful means of the government. If someone takes out the golden yuan certificate in the period of the Republic of China, it can only be called antique
therefore, in the long run, I am not optimistic about privately issued currencies. In particular, bitcoin has a logic defect in the underlying design that is difficult to last. So now we see the phenomenon of "capacity expansion", and every time this "correction" is harmful to its credit
however, even if bitcoin and other private digital currencies can not become the mainstream, blockchain technology has great potential. For example, digital property certification. We can imagine that in the rental market, if the law forces the landlord or intermediary to show the ownership certificate of the house with official or third-party certification and based on blockchain technology before renting the house, then the problem of fake houses will be much less
on this basis, it can also make remote online mortgage and transaction possible. The digitization of assets will make the transaction more convenient, which can be applied in many fields, and even for direct international transactions, such as long-distance mortgage and transaction of bulk commodities, futures and valuables (real estate, jewelry, antiques, art, etc.)
of course, all these also need supporting laws. Only when there are clear precedents, can it play a role in the future property rights protection based on blockchain and build up public confidence in it“ "From zero to one" will be very slow, but once it breaks through the critical value, with the first person to eat crabs, then "from one to ten thousand" will be completed quickly
in addition, cooperation between countries is also indispensable to expand the scope of application. Digital technology is inherently easy to spread across regions and international. When the new technology has accumulated and pieced together the required jigsaw puzzle, the breakthrough from quantity to quality is only the last layer of window paper. The breakthrough is inevitable. The chance is just who will finish it. Everyone is running like crazy, but history will only remember the first one who crossed the finish line
as a new thing, the application scope and depth of blockchain still need to be explored, just as at the beginning of the birth of electric power, people don't know its use. However, with the integration of human behavior with Internet and digital technology becoming more and more in-depth, the prospect of cryptography technology similar to blockchain must be unlimited.