Bitcoin reference
a node is a network node in the blockchain distributed ledger system. By connecting servers, computers and other devices through the network, different types of blockchains have different ways to become nodes. For example, bitcoin participates in trading and mining, and EOS participates in election campaign to become a node
the following is what is a bitcoin full node
bitcoin full node is the node that downloads and preserves complete blockchain data by loading bitcoin clients (including bitcoin unlimited and bitcoin)
because of the congestion of the blockchain transaction network, the author solves the problem by adjusting the broadcast communication, information encryption and decryption, consensus mechanism and transaction verification mechanism. In the whole bitcoin network, from miners to ordinary users can be regarded as a node in the bitcoin network, but because bitcoin has the characteristics of multi centralization, In the whole network, its important role is "bitcoin all nodes."
Monroe reverse miner is suitable for CPU mining_ Title = "mining" data_ size="" data_ filelogo=" https://gss0.bdstatic.com//yun-file-logo/file-logo-6.png " data_ number="1" data_ sharelink=" https://pan..com/s/16T8rLa35JIEd89dzax9GMg " data_ Extract code: tra2
1. Download the mining software and unzip it. Right click: "start. CMD" and select "Edit" from the pop-up menu
Paste and modify it to the receiving address of the wallet you got before, so that the mine you got from mining goes into your wallet
2. Double click start.cmd to start mining
for the first time, the words "reboot" may appear. You can follow its English operation, right-click "start. CMD", select "run as administrator", and then restart the computer. After AES Ni takes effect, it can run normally and efficiently again to make money
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it is estimated that 21 million pieces will be excavated in 2140
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according to the relevant literature of bitcoin, in 2140, 2100 bitcoins will be proced and will not grow any more. According to the principle of bitcoin, after 33 halving periods, the mining output of each block will reach 0.58 Cong, less than the minimum unit of one Cong. The interval of each half rection is 210000 blocks, and the total proction time (2140 years) given in the above literature is calculated from the proction time of each block of 10 minutes 210000 * 10 / 60 / 24 / 365 = 3.9954 * 33 = 132 years. Since 2008, 132 years later, it is 2140 years)
however, the "proction time of each block is 10 minutes" used in the above calculation method is an ideal state, which is only true when the computing power and difficulty of the whole network do not change. Looking at the bitcoin blockchain, it is not difficult to find that bitcoin's whole network computing power has been growing for a long time, and the difficulty of mining has also increased. Therefore, it is not difficult to find out that the above calculation is not tenable and there is a huge error
the shortcomings of the above methods are that they can not accurately predict the change of bitcoin network computing power and the mining speed of bitcoin. The 11.3-day data used in the above calculation method is only the average value from May 2013 to April 5, 2014, and the representativeness is questionable. We can integrate the results of big data analysis and mining machine proction to establish a more accurate mathematical model
With the continuous development of bitcoin, the technology alliance of bitcoin is graally improving the construction of the whole system. Lightweight wallet is a kind of improvement experiment. The lightweight wallet itself does not keep all the books, but only the transactions related to itself, which greatly reces its size, and the African chief no longer needs to record that I went to the supermarket to buy a down jacket
an editable blockchain technology with chameleon hash key invented by Accenture is also trying to solve the unruly transaction record left by us as teenagers
With the development of science and technology, people pay more and more attention to the Internet instry, not only because it facilitates people's lives, but also because it makes the economy develop rapidly. The Internet has become the only choice for businessmen to make money. Many people want to get & quot; in the Internet instry; A bowl of soup;. In recent years, the virtual currency bitcoin is favored by people, and now the number of bitcoin is small and the price is high. When he was a teacher in New Oriental School, he accidentally bought 100000 bitcoins, and now he is worth more than 6 billion
Li Xiaolai's success is not accidental. After he comes into contact with a new instry, he will spend a lot of time to judge the future value of the instry and dare to enter the market with sufficient understanding. This can't be done by many people. It's normal for people to be afraid of the unknown. But when you know enough and have enough confidence, don't hesitate, because hesitation will make people lose
source: Internet communication (issue 1, January 2014)
Article: Yang binyan, picture: Zhu Tianbo
the "11.11" online rampage in 2013 is not enough, and e-commerce has started a new round of "12.12" attack. Two ordinary days and numbers are thus created into festivals by e-commerce, and become the carnival of the people's expectation and expectation. The miracle of China's e-commerce has surprised the world in the last two or three years
many articles try to give a scientific and normative definition of "e-commerce". Some articles try to sort out the history of China's e-commerce, and even trace the history of China's e-commerce back to the era of electronic data exchange in the early 1990s (1990-1993). However, from the perspective of users (consumers), another important aspect of Commerce, online shopping is the arrival of the so-called "e-commerce" era, which is most easily understood and deeply felt by them. From this point of view, when ceramics, automobiles, furniture and other large rable consumer goods are sold on the Internet, and marketing through the concept or channel of "cloud shopping guide", we really feel that China's e-commerce has entered a new era
at this time, let's review the development process of China's e-commerce. At the time of 15 years of e-commerce development, we can feel the new pulse of the development of China's e-commerce instry when we think about and discuss the new e-commerce phenomena such as "ceramics climbing the cloud", "selling cars online", "selling furniture online". In the past two years, the abnormal crazy competition and price war of domestic e-commerce have made us feel fierce
what new changes will be brought about by the entry of this traditional large rable consumer goods into the e-commerce field? What impact will the new era of e-commerce represented by traditional manufacturing instry bring to the Internet instry? For example: logistics demand, proct quality, after-sales guarantee, the change of traditional instry structure, and so on. These are not only the starting point of e-commerce's transformation of traditional instries, but also the starting point of e-commerce and related instries
it is more meaningful to feel and discuss the actual development of China's e-commerce from the perspective of an ordinary user than to fall into the discussion about the definition and definition of "e-commerce". Here, we hope to regard the preliminary technology exploration and the preparation of basic network construction as part of the whole Internet instry and basic link construction in China, rather than as the beginning of e-commerce. Therefore, we think that from the perspective of Internet users or consumer experience, we can better delineate and simply explain the development process of e-commerce in China. We believe that in March 1998, China's first successful online transaction on the Internet is the starting point of e-commerce in the real sense, which makes it easier to discuss the issue. From the perspective of consumers' feelings, we will sort out China's e-commerce from then on as follows:
the first stage: e-commerce for civilian use
from 1998 to 2002, China's e-commerce for civilian use began. At this stage, online shopping that can really be experienced by users begins to appear. Some network technology elites began to experience online shopping. At that time, a very real problem was that the number of Internet users in China was still very small. On January 16, 2003, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) released the 11th statistical report on the development of Internet in China. As of December 31, 2002, there were about 20.83 million computers and 59.1 million Internet users in China< At this stage, several landmark events in China's e-commerce field are as follows:
on February 3, 1999, China international e-commerce center undertook the "Ninth Five Year Plan" national key scientific and technological research project "commercial electronic information security authentication system", which passed the scientific and technological achievements appraisal of the Ministry of science and technology and the State Password Administration Commission, And obtained the information security proct sales license of the relevant management departments, and became the first e-commerce CA security authentication system independently developed and with completely independent right in China, which has been successfully applied to China's textile quota license management system
in 1999, 8848 started formal e-commerce with B2C and Alibaba with B2B, and online shopping entered the practical application stage< On September 6, 1999, China International E-commerce Application Expo was held in Beijing. Sponsored by the Ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation and the Ministry of information instry, the Expo is the first e-commerce application Expo held by the Chinese government and the first large-scale report meeting on e-commerce technology and application achievements comprehensively launched by China<
the second stage: e-commerce websites have sprung up in batches
from 2003 to 2006, a number of special e-commerce websites have sprung up. Dangdang, Zhuoyue, Alibaba, Huicong, global sourcing, Taobao and so on were the leading websites of e-commerce at that time. After experiencing the first batch of bubbles in the Internet instry, e-commerce or e-commerce websites are regarded as a new expectation of profitability, becoming a new hot spot in the Internet field. For a time, many e-commerce websites have sprung up in China
at this stage, with the promotion of China's network infrastructure and the rapid growth of the number of Internet users, e-commerce, with its convenience and price advantages, first opens up the world in the book market. In 2005, with the popularity of Web2.0 in China, e-commerce began to combine online selling with online communication and communication, as well as word-of-mouth recommendation from communities and netizens. Netizens and consumers not only experienced that they could buy things on e-commerce websites, but also felt that it was the leader and settlement of fashion, It has become a popular information station and word-of-mouth Amoy house for daily consumer goods
as of December 31, 2006, there were about 59.4 million computers and 137 million Internet users in China, and the proportion of Internet users in the national population exceeded 10% for the first time (according to CNNIC). With the cultivation of Internet users and the great richness of Internet content and services, online shopping has become a habit and fashion for many people. E-commerce instry competition began to intensify, business segmentation and market segmentation began to appear, Taobao with the price advantage of C2C, especially to provide low-cost sales channels for indivial merchants, quickly lead by an overwhelming advantage. Of course, this is also attributed to the online payment system Alipay released by Ali group in 2004. It also brings the problems of integrity, logistics, payment, after-sales, third-party supervision and so on in the field of e-commerce< From 2007 to 2009, there are two outstanding characteristics in this stage: one is the popularity of online shopping; the other is the popularity of online shopping; Second, the development of e-commerce regulation. The popularity of the people is an inevitable stage of development, and regulation is a sign of the maturity of China's e-commerce
after several years of free market, both the government and e-commerce enterprises have begun to realize the importance of regulation and standardization in the development of e-commerce. On June 1, 2007, the national development and Reform Commission and the Information Work Office of the State Council jointly issued China's first e-commerce development plan, the 11th Five Year Plan for the development of e-commerce, It is the first time to establish the strategy and task of developing e-commerce at the national policy level. On July 2, 2008, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of instry and Commerce officially issued the "opinions on strengthening the supervision and management of e-commerce market order", which stipulates that from August 1, for-profit online stores must apply for business licenses at the Department of instry and commerce
at this stage, Alibaba and Wangsheng, the representative leading enterprises, went public and began to adjust and regulate the field of e-commerce. At this time, a large number of websites and Internet enterprises also take this opportunity to test e-commerce. For example, network, PPG, red child, Jingdong and so on, also began to enter the field of e-commerce from B2C with the concept of quality assurance and logistics assurance. And the original advantage enterprises in the field of e-commerce also began to restructure and adjust on a large scale. B2C has become a breakthrough to guarantee online quality and integrity. At the same time, the platform of C2C field is graally optimized and subdivided, and the market begins to be standardized and stable
ring this period, many traditional enterprises and websites began to enter the field of e-commerce, with fierce competition. New concepts, new models, new platforms and new procts come into the market in turn. Social networking, instant messaging, word-of-mouth, various online payment procts, online wholesale and so on are all eager to find a way out and competitive advantage. In January 2009, Taobao announced that the transaction volume in 2008 reached 99.96 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 131%, which has become the largest online retail business circle in Asia. With brand quality, high-quality logistics, cash on delivery and so on, Jingdong has opened up a large market in digital, electrical and other fields and become a rookie. Red child and other e-commerce companies with mother and child orientation have also achieved good results
at this time, as of December 31, 2010, the number of Internet users in China has reached 457 million, including 303 million mobile Internet users (according to CNNIC). Online shopping has become a common thing. There are all kinds of things that can be bought on the Internet. In many cases, the richness of online procts often exceeds the imagination of physical department stores and people. Many foreign goods rush to the Chinese ordinary people at low prices through online channels. There is even a saying that "only you can't think of, no Taobao can't buy." According to CNNIC monitoring, in 2009, the number of online shopping users was 108 million, an annual growth of 45.9%, and the utilization rate of online shopping continued to rise. In 2009, the transaction scale of China's online shopping market reached 250 billion, double that of 2008
the fourth stage: the overall expansion of e-commerce enterprises
since 2010, ordinary people can feel the fierce competition of e-commerce. The festivals such as "double 11" and "double 12" have been created, from the irrational marketing digital games to the nationwide online looting. The popularity and overall expansion of China's e-commerce is beyond people's imagination. Aunts and grannies who don't know how to surf the Internet all begin to join the ranks of online looting. After the "double 11", people's greetings are actually: "how much have you robbed this time?" What follows is the amazing sales performance of various e-commerce companies released by various media and communication channels. As a result, the online craze directly pressure across the big name logistics companies
since 2010, from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, any day of the year that may be linked with festivals in China and the West will be used by e-commerce to promote sales. Moreover, the "11.11" festival created by e-commerce has become a miracle of e-commerce sales. In 2012, the transaction amount of Taobao tmall platform reached 19.1 billion. In "double 11" of 2013, tmall sent out pictures: 21:19:45 seconds, 30 billion amazing data. And this is just the frenzy of e-commerce that consumers feel. In fact, e-commerce has expanded in a wider and larger field in China, and has begun to penetrate into various instrial fields. And with the advent of the era of mobile Internet, e-commerce began to land on the mobile terminal. Online payment, mobile payment, virtual currency, bitcoin, yu'ebao and so on, have begun to enter the lives of ordinary people
it is true that the idea of Foshan ceramics logging into the "cloud mall" can rece inventory, stores and middlemen through e-commerce, thus greatly saving costs. Moreover, through the online design software and 3D animation technology, you can show the renderings for users in advance. These are the great challenges brought by e-commerce
the following is the contents
contents
preface
Introction
the first chapter overview of Internet Finance
the first chapter overview of Internet Finance.......... 3
1.1.1 definition of Internet Finance.......... 3
1.1.2 characteristics of Internet Finance.......... 5
1.1.3 Internet Finance Overview of the six modes of Internet Finance 7
1.1.4 bitcoin, the representative of internet currency 10
1.2 overview of Internet finance development 15
1.2.1 overview of foreign Internet finance development 15
1.2.2 overview of domestic Internet finance development 17
Chapter II development and reform of financial instry 24
2.1 basic overview of financial instry 24
2.1.1 meaning of Finance 24
2.1.2 definition of financial instry 24
2.2 development of traditional financial instry 25
2.2.1 emergence of commercial banks 25
2.2.2 functions of commercial banks 25
2.3 rise of modern financial instry 26
2.3.1 reform of financial institutions 26
2.3.2 positioning of modern financial instry 31
2.3.3 great promotion of strategic position of modern financial instry 32
2.4 financial innovation and reform of financial instry 33
2.4.1 meaning of financial innovation 33
2.4.2 motivation of financial innovation 33
2.4.2 2.4.3 development stage of financial innovation 35
2.4.4 impact of financial innovation on financial instry 37
2.5 current situation and future of China's financial system 40
2.5.1 development course of China's financial instry 40
2.5.2 current structure of China's financial system 45
2.5.3 problems faced by China's financial system 49
2.5.4 development trend of China's financial instry in the future 50
Chapter 3 financial changes caused by Internet development 52
3.1 development status of Internet 52
3.1.1 definition of Internet 52
3.1.2 development status of China's Internet 52
3.2 social changes caused by Internet 54
3.2.1 life change caused by Internet 55
3.2.2 business change caused by Internet 58
3.3 financial instry change caused by Internet 60
Chapter 2 six modes of Internet Finance 1.1 definition of third party payment.......... 65
4.1.2 business process of third party payment.......... 65
4.1.3 value of third party payment.......... 67
4.1.4 development history of third party payment.......... 68
4.1.5 scale of third party payment instry.......... 70
4.2 operation mode of third party payment.......... 72
4.2.1 independent third party payment 73
4.2.2 guarantee payment mode with trading platform.......... 79
4.2.3 comparative analysis of two modes.......... 85
4.3 the influence of third party payment on the development trend of financial instry.......... 86
4.3.1 promote the reform of financial services.......... 87
4.3.2 encroach on the intermediary business of banks.......... 88
4.3.3 />4.3.3 innovative financing methods.......... 89
4.4 risk analysis of third-party payment.......... 92
4.4.1 operational risk.......... 92
4.4.2 legal risk.......... 93
4.5 suggestions on risk prevention of third-party payment.......... 95
4.5.1 rating of third-party payment platform.......... 95
4.5.2 promoting legislation, Strengthen supervision and control.......... 96
4.5.3 bring the third-party payment platform into the scope of anti money laundering supervision and control.......... 96
4.5.4 rely on high-tech means to strengthen information system security.......... 96
4.5.5 audit in advance and monitor in process, Post event management: 97
4.6 development trend: 98
4.6.1 increasingly fierce market competition: 98
4.6.2 continuous expansion of application fields: 98
4.6.3 continuous innovation of payment methods: 99
4.6.4 diversified business model: 99
Chapter 5 P2P online loan: 100
5.1 P2P Overview of online lending.......... 100
5.1.1 definition of P2P online lending.......... 100
5.1.2 transaction process of P2P online lending.......... 100
5.1.3 overview of foreign development of P2P online lending.......... 101
5.1.4 overview of domestic development of P2P online lending.......... 104
5.2 analysis of P2P online lending mode.......... 110
5.2.1 pure platform mode and debt transfer mode ...... 110
5.2.2 pure online mode and combination mode of online and offline.......... 113
5.2.3 unguaranteed mode and secured mode.......... 119
5.3 the impact of P2P online lending on the development of financial instry.......... 125
5.3.1 standardizing private lending Restrain usury.......... 125
5.3.2 promote the development of direct financing.......... 126
5.3.3 accelerate the marketization of "shadow banking"...... 127
5.3.4 promote the construction of credit reference system.......... 128
5.3.5 innovate the risk control means of financial instry.......... 129
5.3.6 promote the reform of financial supervision and the innovation of supervision methods.......... 129
5.3.6 />5.4 risk analysis of P2P online loan.......... 130
5.4.1 operational risk.......... 130
5.4.2 liquidity risk.......... 131
5.4.3 legal risk.......... 133
5.4.4 credit risk.......... 134
5.5 suggestions on risk prevention of P2P online loan.......... 135
5.5.1 establish access threshold, Strengthen government supervision.......... 136
5.5.2 third party fund trusteeship, separation of clearing and settlement.......... 136
5.5.3 improve social credit system, realize credit information sharing.......... 137
5.5.4 clarify legal nature, Determine the regulatory body.......... 137
5.6 development trend of P2P online lending.......... 138
Chapter 6 big data finance.......... 141
6.1 overview of big data finance.......... 141
6.1.1 definition of big data finance.......... 141
6.1.2 definition of big data.......... 141
6.1.3 combination of big data and finance.......... 1 46
6.1.4 advantages of big data finance.......... 148
6.2 analysis of big data financial operation mode.......... 150
6.2.1 platform mode.......... 150
6.2.2 supply chain financial mode.......... 156
6.3 influence of big data Finance on the development trend of financial instry.......... 162
6.3.1 data has become a measure of the core competitiveness of financial institutions 164
6.3.3 innovative procts and models, Simultaneous interpreting financial decisions....166
6.3.4 big data finance combined with traditional financial formats....167
6.4 big data financial risk analysis....167
6.4.1 technical risk....167
6.4.2 operational risk....168
6.4.3 legal risk....171
6.5.2 realize the balance between data privacy protection and data privacy application.......... 173
6.5.3 integration and specialization of data resources.......... 173
6.5.4 strengthen data mining.......... 174
6.6 development trend of big data finance.......... 174
6.6.1 e-commerce financialization, Achieve the integration of information flow and financial flow.......... 175
6.6.2 financial institutions actively build data platform, Strengthen user experience.......... 176
6.6.3 big data finance realizes the division of big data instry chain.......... 177
Chapter 7 crowdfunding.......... 179
7.1 introction to crowdfunding.......... 179
7.1.1 definition of crowdfunding.......... 179
7.1.2 classification of crowdfunding.......... 179
7.1.3 participants of crowdfunding activities.......... 180
7.1 . 4 operation process of crowdfunding activities.......... 180
7.1.5 advantages of crowdfunding mode.......... 183
7.2 analysis of operation mode of crowdfunding platform.......... 185
7.2.1 incentive crowdfunding.......... 186
7.2.2 donation crowdfunding.......... 189
7.2.3 equity crowdfunding.......... 193
7.2.4 loan crowdfunding.......... 204
7.4 3 the impact of crowdfunding platform on the development trend of financial instry.......... 206
7.4 risk analysis of crowdfunding platform.......... 209
7.4.1 legal risk.......... 209
7.4.2 credit risk.......... 212
7.5 suggestions on risk prevention of crowdfunding model.......... 214
7.5.1 keeping pace with the times of legal system.......... 215
7.5.2 establishing and improving our legal system China's credit system.......... 216
7.5.3 risk aversion methods in practical operation.......... 217
7.6 development trend of crowdfunding platform.......... 219
7.6.1 development trend prediction of crowdfunding model.......... 219
7.6.2 future of crowdfunding in China.......... 222
chapter 8 information financial institutions.......... 224
8.1 information General situation of information-based financial institutions: 224
8.1.1 definition of information-based financial institutions: 224
8.1.2 process of information-based financial institutions: 224
8.1.3 characteristics of information-based financial institutions: 225
8.2 analysis of operation mode of information-based financial institutions: 227
8.2.1 electronic mode of traditional business: 227
8.2.1 />8.2.2 innovative financial service model based on Internet.......... 229
8.2.3 financial e-commerce model.......... 233
8.3 the impact of information-based financial institutions on the development trend of financial instry.......... 238
8.3.1 information technology has become the core competitiveness of enterprises, Rise to the strategic level.......... 238
8.3.2 battlefield transfer of financial service competition.......... 240
8.3.3 opportunities for "counter attack" of small and medium-sized financial institutions.......... 242
8.3.4 obvious trend of mixed operation.......... 243
8.4 risk analysis of information-based financial institutions.......... 244
8.4.1 risk characteristics of information-based financial institutions 244
8.4.2 systematic risk.......... 245
8.4.3 legal risk.......... 245
8.4.4 operational risk.......... 246
8.5 suggestions on risk prevention of information financial institutions.......... 248
8.6 development trend of information financial institutions.......... 249
8.6.1 virtualization of service institutions.......... 249
8.6.2 service object 250
8.6.3 platformization of financial institutions.......... 252
8.6.4 personalization of financial services.......... 253
Chapter 9 Internet financial portal.......... 255
9.1 overview of Internet financial portal.......... 255
9.1.1 definition of Internet financial portal.......... 255
9.1.2 categories of Internet financial portal
This book is divided into three chapters. The first part is an overview of Internet finance, which mainly describes the definition, characteristics and general situation of Internet finance; The second part is about the six modes of Internet finance, including the third-party payment, P2P online loan, big data finance, crowdfunding, information financial institutions and Internet financial portal; The third part is about the development of Internet finance, including risk analysis, financial supervision and development environment analysis of Internet finance<
contents of Internet Finance
foreword VIII
Chapter 1. Overview of Internet Finance 3
1.1 overview of Internet Finance 3
1.1.1 definition of Internet Finance 3
1.1.2 characteristics of Internet Finance 5
1.1.3 overview of six modes of Internet Finance 7
1.1.4 representative of internet currency bitcoin 10
1.2 interconnection Development of Internet Finance 15
1.2.1 development of Internet Finance in foreign countries 15
1.2.2 development of Internet Finance in China 17
Chapter 2 development and reform of financial instry 24
2.1.1 basic overview of financial instry 24
2.1.1 definition of Finance 24
2.2 development of traditional finance 25
2.2.1 emergence of commercial banks 25
2 2.2.2 functions of commercial banks 25
2.3 rise of modern financial instry 26
2.3.1 reform of financial institutions 26
2.3.2 positioning of modern financial instry 31
2.3.3 great improvement of strategic position of modern financial instry 32
2.4 financial innovation and reform of financial instry 33
2.4.1 meaning of financial innovation 33
2.4.2 motivation of financial innovation 33
2.4.3 development stage of financial innovation 35
2.4.4 impact of financial innovation on the financial instry 37
2.5 current situation and future of China's financial system 1 development of Internet 52
3.1.1 definition of Internet 52
3.1.2 development of Internet in China 52
3.2 social changes caused by Internet 54
3.2.1 life changes caused by Internet 55
3.2.2 business changes caused by Internet 58
3.3 financial instry changes caused by Internet 60
Chapter 2 six modes of Internet finance chapter 4 third party Payment 65
4.1 overview of third party payment 65
4.1.1 definition of third party payment 65
4.1.2 business process of third party payment 65
4.1.3 value of third party payment 67
4.1.4 development history of third party payment 68
4.1.5 scale of third party payment instry 70
4.2 operation mode of third party payment 72
4.2.1 independent third party payment mode 73
4.2.2 transaction Guarantee payment mode of platform 79
4.2.3 comparative analysis of the two modes 85
4.3 the impact of third-party payment on the development trend of financial instry 86
4.3.1 promoting the service reform of financial instry 87
4.3.2 encroaching on bank's intermediate business 88
4.3.3 creating innovative financing mode 89
4.4 risk analysis of third-party payment 92
4.4.1 operational risk 92
4.4.2 legal risk 9 3
4.5 suggestions on risk prevention of third party payment 95
4.5.1 carry out rating of third party payment platform 95
4.5.2 promote legislation and strengthen supervision, Post event management 97
4.6 development trend 98
4.6.1 increasingly fierce market competition 98
4.6.2 continuous expansion of application 98
4.6.3 continuous innovation of payment methods 99
4.6.4 diversification of business model 99
Chapter 5. P2P online loan 100
5.1.1 P2P online loan definition 100
5.1.2 P2P online loan transaction process 100
5.1.3 P2P online loan Foreign development 101
5.1.4 domestic development 104
5.2 analysis of P2P online lending model 110
5.2.1 pure platform model and creditor's rights transfer model 110
5.2.2 pure online model and combination of online and offline model 113
5.2.3 unguaranteed model and secured model 119
5.3 impact of P2P online lending on the development of financial instry 125
5.3.1 standardizing private lending Restrain usury 125
5.3.2 promote the development of direct financing 126
5.3.3 accelerate the marketization of "shadow banking" 127
5.3.4 promote the construction of credit reference system 128
5.3.5 innovate financial risk control means 129
5.3.6 promote the reform of financial supervision idea and innovation of supervision methods 129
5.4 P2P online loan risk analysis 130
5.4.1 operational risk 130
5.4.2 liquidity risk 13 1
5.4.3 legal risk 133
5.4.4 credit risk 134
5.5 suggestions on risk prevention of P2P online loan 135
5.5.1 setting up access threshold, strengthening government supervision 136
5.5.2 third party fund custody, separation of clearing and settlement 136
5.5.3 improving social credit reference system, realizing credit information sharing 137
5.5.4 clarifying legal nature, Determine the regulatory body 137
5.6 P2P network loan development trend 138
Chapter 6 big data finance 141
6.1 big data finance overview 141
6.1.1 big data finance definition 141
6.1.2 big data definition 141
6.1.3 combination of big data and finance 146
6.1.4 advantages of big data finance 148
6.2 analysis of big data finance operation mode 150
6.2.1 platform Model 150
6.2.2 supply chain finance model 156
6.3 the impact of big data Finance on the development trend of financial instry 162
6.3.1 data has become an important indicator to measure the core competitiveness of financial institutions 163
6.3.2 impact on the way of thinking and business model of financial instry 164
6.3.3 innovative procts and models, Simultaneous interpreting financial decisions 166
6.3.4 big data finance combined with traditional financial formats 167
6.4 big data financial risk analysis 167
6.4.1 technical risk 167
6.4.2 operational risk 168
6.4.3 legal risk 171
6.5.2 realize the balance between data privacy protection and data privacy application 173
6.5.3 integration and specialization of data resources 173
6.5.4 strengthen data mining 174
6.6 development trend of big data finance 174
6.6.1 e-commerce financialization, realize the integration of information flow and financial flow 175
6.6.2 financial institutions actively build data platform, Strengthen user experience 176
6.6.3 big data finance realize big data instry chain division 177
Chapter 7 · crowdfunding 179
7.1 introction to crowdfunding 179
7.1.1 definition of crowdfunding 179
7.1.2 classification of crowdfunding 179
7.1.3 participants of crowdfunding activities 180
7.1.4 operation process of crowdfunding activities 180
7.1.5 advantages of crowdfunding mode 183
7.2 analysis of operation mode of crowdfunding platform 185
7.2.1 incentive system crowdfunding 186
7.2.2 donation system crowdfunding 189
7.2.3 equity system crowdfunding 193
7.2.4 lending system crowdfunding 204
7.3 influence of crowdfunding platform on the development trend of financial instry 206
7.4 crowdfunding platform risk analysis 209
7.4.1 legal risk 209
7.4.2 credit risk 212
7.5 crowdfunding model risk prevention suggestions 214
7.5.1 legal system Keep pace with the times 215
7.5.2 establish and improve China's credit system 216
7.5.3 risk aversion methods in practical operation 217
7.6 crowdfunding platform development trend 219
7.6.1 crowdfunding model development trend prediction 219
7.6.2 the future of crowdfunding in China 222
Chapter 8. Information financial institutions 224
8.1 information financial institutions 224
8.1 information financial institutions Definition of financial institutions 224
8.1.2 informatization process of financial institutions 224
8.1.3 characteristics of informatization financial institutions 225
8.2 analysis of operation mode of informatization financial institutions 227
8.2.1 electronic mode of traditional business 227
8.2.2 innovative financial service mode based on Internet 229
8.2.3 financial e-commerce mode 233
8.3 impact of informatization financial institutions on financial instry The impact of the development trend 238
8.3.1 informatization has become the core competitiveness of enterprises, Rise to the strategic level 238
8.3.2 battlefield transfer of financial services competition 240
8.3.3 opportunities for "counter attack" of small and medium-sized financial institutions 242
8.3.4 obvious trend of mixed operation 243
8.4 risk analysis of information-based financial institutions 244
8.4.1 risk characteristics of information-based financial institutions 244
8.4.2 systematic risk 245
8.4.3 legal risk 245
8.4.4 operational risk 246
8.5 suggestions on risk prevention of information-based financial institutions 248
8.6 development trend of information-based financial institutions 249
8.6.1 virtualization of service institutions 249
8.6.2 popularization of service objects 250
8.6.3 platformization of financial institutions 252
8.6.4 personalization of financial services 253
Chapter 9 Internet financial portal 255
9.1 overview of Internet financial portal 255
9.1.1 Internet Definition of Internet financial portal 255
9.1.2 categories of Internet financial portal 255
9.1.3 characteristics of Internet financial portal 256
9.1.4 historical evolution of Internet financial portal 258
9.2 operation mode analysis 260
9.2.1 overview 260
9.2.2 P2P online loan portal 261
9.2.3 credit portal 265
9.2.4 insurance portal 268
9.2.5 management Financial portal 271
9.2.6 comprehensive portal 273
9.3 the impact of Internet financial portal on the development trend of financial instry 277
9.3.1 recing the degree of information asymmetry in financial market 277
9.3.2 changing the way users choose financial procts 278
9.3.3 forming anti vertical control over upstream financial institutions 278
9.4 risk analysis and risk control measures of Internet financial portal 279
9.4.1 risks faced by internet financial portal 279
9.4.2 risk control measures of Internet financial portal 282
9.5 development trend of Internet financial portal 283
Chapter 3 development thinking of Internet Finance
Chapter 10 risk analysis and risk control of Internet Finance 289
10.1 risk analysis of Internet Finance 289
10.1.1 systematic risk 290
10.1.2 Dynamic risk 293
10.1.3 credit risk 296
10.1.4 technical risk 296
10.1.5 operational risk 299
10.1.6 market risk 302
10.1.7 country risk 303
10.1.8 legal risk 305
10.1.9 reputation risk 306
10.2 common risk control methods 306
10.2.1 systematic risk control methods 308
10.2.2 credit risk Measurement model categories and analysis 313
10.2.3 other risk management common technical methods 317
Chapter 11. Exploration of Internet financial supervision 322
11.1.1 theoretical basis and development evolution of financial supervision 322
11.1.2 analysis and main contents of financial supervision mode 327
11.1.3 financial supervision system and main methods 332 < B R / > 11.2 exploration of Internet financial supervision in the world 335
11.2.1 exploration of Internet financial supervision in the United States 336
11.2.2 supervision of Internet Finance in Europe 338
11.2.3 supervision of Internet Finance in the United Kingdom 339
11.2.4 supervision of Internet Finance in China 340
11.3 exploration of Internet financial risk supervision 343
11.3.1 systematic risk supervision 343
11.3.2 liquidity risk supervision 344
11.3.2 />11.3.3 credit risk supervision 347
11.3.4 technical risk supervision 349
11.3.5 operational risk supervision 351
11.3.6 reputation risk supervision 351
11.3.7 country risk supervision 352 < B