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1、 Preface
since the beginning of the new century, the world situation and international pattern are undergoing profound changes. China and other countries in the Middle East are facing the common task of seeking peace and development. Although there is a long distance between the rapid revitalization of China's Bohai Rim Economic Zone and the vigorous development of the economies of the six GCC countries, they are keeping pace with each other and their mutual demands are increasing. Further strengthening exchanges and cooperation is facing major strategic opportunities
in this favorable situation, a group of former Chinese ambassadors to Arab countries and relevant experts and scholars with rich diplomatic experience formally put forward the concept of "forum on cooperation between the two Gulf" by means of long-term observation and research, and contact and consultation with domestic and Arab parties concerned
the international background of the "two Gulf Cooperation Forum" is that peace, cooperation and development have become the mainstream of the world and the characteristics of the times; The process of international and regional political, economic and social development has brought China and the GCC countries together. This is a historical opportunity and fate
the establishment of the "two Gulf Cooperation Forum" is the common desire and need for China and the GCC countries to carry out communication and exchange, pragmatic cooperation, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, complement each other's strengths, and promote the rapid economic and social development of both sides
the "two Gulf Cooperation Forum" will first focus on building and building the "two Gulf Pearl Tower" for economic theory exchanges and economic and trade negotiations between the Bohai Bay and the Arabian Gulf, which is not only the meeting point of communication and dialogue between the two sides, but also the starting point of practical cooperation between the two sides
we firmly believe that the "two Gulf Cooperation Forum" will be born smoothly and healthily from the political, economic and cultural elites of both sides with the strong support of their respective governments and people, and will become a model and banner of global regional cooperation< (1) the development situation of the Bohai Rim region and the formation of the third growth pole of China's economy
the Bohai rim economic circle is located in the center of the Northeast Asian economic zone and is the gold coast of northern China; Including Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, Beijing Tianjin Hebei three provinces and two cities, at the same time can radiate to Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia central and eastern cities. The total land area of the region is 1.12 million square kilometers, with a total population of 260 million, accounting for 12% of China's territory and 20% of its population. There are 157 cities in the Bohai Rim region, accounting for about a quarter of the cities in China, including 13 cities with a population of more than one million. With Beijing and Tianjin as the center, Dalian, Yingkou, Qinhuang, Tangshan, Dongying, Yantai and other coastal open cities as the fans, and Shenyang, Hohhot, Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan and other provincial capitals as the regional fulcrum, it constitutes the most important political, economic, cultural, international exchanges and export-oriented, multi-functional and intensive urban community in northern China. It plays a role of gathering, radiating, serving and driving in the national and regional economy, and has become the engine of economic development in northern China. The region is regarded by economists as the third growth pole of China's economy after the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, and plays an extremely important role in China's coastal development strategy of opening to the outside world
the concept of Bohai rim has been put forward for more than 20 years. The Chinese government has carried out separate regional planning and given many preferential policies. To carry out economic cooperation and realize mutual benefit and win-win is the consensus of academia and economic circles on the Bohai rim economic circle. Regional economic integration has brought unprecedented opportunities for the economic development of Bohai rim, and also created favorable and necessary conditions for the region to carry out foreign exchange and cooperation
from the perspective of world economic development trend, the focus of world economic growth has shifted to the Asia Pacific region. In the Asia Pacific region, Northeast Asia is attracting the attention of the international economic community for its superior geographical location, rich resources, multi-level economic structure and huge development potential. Bohai rim economic circle is adjacent to Japan, Korea and South Korea in the East, Mongolia and Russia in the north. It is located in the center of Northeast Asia and radiates to the Asia Pacific Economic Region. It is not only the natural junction of China's northern inland, three north regions and coastal areas, but also the Sea outlet to the Asia Pacific region and the world. It is in a favorable position of "coming from east to west, connecting South with North", It has the potential advantage of becoming the economic core of Northeast Asia< (2) economic development and capital market transfer in the Gulf region
the Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf or Persian Gulf) is located in the southwest of Asia. It is a long and narrow sea between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, with a total length of 1040 km and about 259000 square kilometers. The total area of the Gulf region is about 4.81 million square kilometers, with a population of about 118 million, mainly Arabs and Persians. There are also a considerable number of ethnic minorities and foreign immigrants, most of whom believe in Islam. The Gulf region includes eight countries, namely six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain and Qatar), Iran and Iraq. The Gulf area is the area with the largest oil reserves in the world, known as the "world oil depot". Its oil reserves account for about 65% of the world's total oil reserves, and its annual proction accounts for about 30% of the world's total oil proction. Gulf oil, which has been continuously transported to all parts of the world, has become an indispensable "blood" for world instrial development, and has also brought rolling oil dollars to Gulf countries. The Gulf countries have made brilliant achievements and great progress in vigorously developing their own economy and social fields by making use of the rich petrodollars. However, e to the weak instrial foundation, the lack of natural conditions and human resources, and the relatively small markets in various countries, the huge amount of oil revenue has not yet established a relatively complete national instrial system except for limited investment in the petrochemical instry. As a result, a large amount of oil dollars has flowed to the foreign capital market and become an important source of capital in the international capital market. 85% of the wealth of the Gulf Arab countries is invested overseas, while less than 15% of the wealth is invested at home. The Gulf Arab countries have nearly 200 billion US dollars of overseas assets, of which Saudi Arabia alone has about 800 billion US dollars of overseas assets. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait also have about 510 billion US dollars and 280 billion US dollars of overseas assets respectively. These assets mainly flow to the United States and other western developed countries, mainly in the form of real estate, bank deposits, securities, etc. Out of concern for the security of funds, a large number of Gulf capital flowed out of the United States after "9.11", and it is estimated that about 200 billion US dollars of Gulf Arab countries' funds left the United States. As the total economic scale of the Gulf Arab countries is only US $800 billion, which is far less than their US $200 billion overseas assets, and the total market value of their nine stock exchange markets is only US $140 billion at the highest, they are unable to absorb the huge return of petrodollars, and a large number of surplus funds can not find a way out in the Arab market. With the continuous improvement of the degree of economic globalization and the rapid and stable development of China's economy, as well as the continuous spread and influence of the U. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that in the future, the newly added petrodollars in the Gulf Arab countries and the capital returned from the West will certainly flow to the eastern countries with booming economy and healthy and stable market 1) The advantages of economic development in the Bohai Rim region are very obvious
first, the Bohai Rim region is a resource-based economic region with abundant natural resources and relatively concentrated distribution, which is easy to develop and utilize. Among them, energy reserves rank first in China, crude oil proction accounts for about 43% of the country's total proction, and proven coal reserves account for more than 60% of the country's total coal reserves, which occupies an important position in China, with more than 100 mineral resources proved to be of great value to the national economy. Bohai economic circle is also rich in marine resources and fishery resources. It is also an important agricultural and animal husbandry base in China. Its grain proction accounts for more than 23% of the country's total, and its cattle and sheep breeding ranks first in China
Second, the sea, land and air transportation in this area is developed. There are more than 40 ports in the region, which constitute the most intensive port group in China. With dense shipping, railway, highway and air transportation lines, the region has formed a three-dimensional land, sea and air transportation network with ports as the center, and has become an important distribution center for connecting the economy of Northeast, northwest and North China and entering the international market. It has initially formed a multi-functional and export-oriented urban agglomeration with Beijing and Tianjin as the center, coastal open cities as the fan and five provincial capitals as the fulcrum
thirdly, the adjustment of instrial structure in the region highlights new advantages, and the financial environment is improving. Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei have formed eight pillar instries, such as energy, chemical instry, metallurgy, building materials, machinery, automobile, textile and food. At the same time, they have driven the development of high-tech instries with advantageous ecation and scientific and technological resources. Emerging high-tech instries, such as electronic information, biopharmaceutical, new materials, have become the leading instries in this region. Tianjin Binhai New Area is building the world's largest financial zone, It also provides an attempt for international financial reform
Fourth, the regional science and technology resources and human resources are highly concentrated, the ecational resources can be called the best in China, the disciplines are complete, the teachers are strong, and the scientific research achievements are rich. Beijing's key universities account for one fourth of China's total, and Tianjin has more than 30 universities and national research centers. There are 376 colleges and universities in the region, accounting for 27% of the whole country. The number of teachers in Colleges and universities accounts for about 1 / 3 of the whole country, and the number of students in Colleges and universities accounts for more than 1 / 4 of the whole country. From 1990 to 2006, the overall training ability reflected by the number of colleges and the scale of students in the region has been very strong. The proportion of the five provinces and cities in China is stable at 22% - 24%, which is more than the sum of the "Pearl River Delta" and "Yangtze River Delta" economic circles
(2) the advantages of the Gulf countries in economic development are very prominent
first, the Gulf countries are the world's oil treasure house, and their annual crude oil exports account for about 1 / 3 of the world's total exports. Every day, 4 million tons of oil are transported to all parts of the world through the Strait of Hormuz. Among them, Saudi Arabia has proven oil reserves of about 36.2 billion tons (264.2 billion barrels), accounting for 25% of the world's reserves, ranking first in the world, and it is estimated that it can be exploited for another 80 years. It can be said that in the next half century, the Gulf countries will still be the source of world power< Second, the oil dollars proced by the Gulf countries bring them huge capital wealth. With the recent rise of international crude oil prices, the oil revenue of the six Gulf countries has increased greatly. Saudi Aramco predicts that if the world oil price remains at $50 a barrel, the six Gulf countries will generate huge revenue of $24 trillion in the next 20 years. Gulf investors have become the main force of investment in the international financial market. Their huge wealth makes them have more initiative in choosing the most suitable investment fields in the international market and acquiring overseas assets< Third, the Gulf states play an important role in the Middle East and the Arab world. The 22 Arab countries are all developing countries with single economic structure. Oil, natural gas, tourism, agriculture and animal husbandry are the main economic pillars. Oil is not available in all Arab countries, mainly in the Gulf States. GCC member states play a very important role in the organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Arab League and the organization of Islamic States. Historical Shanghai Bay