Trace back to bitcoin

3.

The original intention of Nakamoto's design of bitcoin is to build a point-to-point trading network that is decentralized, transaction information can not be tampered with, and the total amount of money is constant, so as to solve the problems of excessive issuance of legal currency and inflation

this is the value of bitcoin's initial design, to keep the purchasing power of money

But later, the development of bitcoin went against Nakamoto's idea. In the past nine years, the price of bitcoin soared by millions of times, creating countless myths of sudden wealth and driving another instry mining

the value of bitcoin has become a tool for "sudden wealth". More and more people join the bitcoin network, hoping to achieve financial freedom. Digital cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin have become investment procts, like diamonds or gold

by purchasing bitcoin, people can achieve the purpose of wealth appreciation and asset preservation in many troubled areas. At the same time, many people make use of the fluctuation of bitcoin price to speculate, such as moving bricks, making bands and so on

another important value of bitcoin can not be ignored is blockchain, the underlying technology of bitcoin. Because of the popularity of bitcoin, many companies and indivials begin to pay attention to blockchain, and constantly try to use blockchain technology to change the existing business and create new value. It is with the help of bitcoin that blockchain has achieved such rapid development

bitcoin is also a great social experiment for all mankind, which promotes the reform of the financial instry and gives many original things a new perspective

4.

Through the deep use of cryptography algorithm, specially designed data structure and multi-party consensus algorithm, blockchain uses machine algorithm to solve the consistency, reliable storage and anti tampering problems of multi-party transaction records, which has a natural strong correlation with electronic data storage

first of all, the electronic contract signing records are stored in the shared account book jointly maintained by multiple parties, which can not be tampered with, denied, and of course will not be lost

secondly, electronic contract text and electronic contract elements are encrypted, including electronic contract participants. Only participants can decrypt and view the data to protect the privacy of the parties

thirdly, the machine strictly implements the pre-defined rules (smart contract), and no longer only relies on a single agreement with a third party. KYC service based on blockchain automatically checks and verifies the validity and identity of certificates, and ensures the authenticity of participants' identities on the basis of privacy

at present, the electronic contract signed on the advanced electronic contract platform has realized the distributed storage of digital fingerprints of electronic documents through the blockchain technology, which further strengthens the legal effect of the platform electronic contract

5. With the approaching of the end of the year, indivial stocks with annual report expectations begin to get the attention of the market, and as an important part of the annual report market, high transfer potential stocks have begun to show the dawn of power step by step
historically, there has always been a long-standing problem in the high transfer market. For example, Nachuan shares, Cixing shares, and Zhongke hechen shares, which implemented the high transfer ring the mid-term report of 2012, all suffered from "death in sight" after the profit distribution plan was launched. Therefore, investors should pay attention to the high transfer potential stocks as soon as possible, especially in the current market downturn, Can be involved in bargain hunting, central line layout< The first stage is the guessing period, in which the market lists the potential stocks and carries out the speculation in turn; The second stage is the cash period. For the stocks that appeared in the first plan, the capital is often a lot of speculation, but the continuity of the market is generally not long; The third stage is the right filling period after the implementation of the scheme, but in the A-share market, the possibility of the high transfer shares to fill in the right is lower than that of the pasted right. Therefore, the first stage is the period of high transfer concept stocks with the most excess returns. Due to the fact that the market has just begun to pay attention to the high transfer theme, and the market is relatively weak, the stock prices of related stocks have not yet been fully started, so it should be a good time to lay out the high transfer theme stocks
the theme of high transfer can be analyzed in detail from the following five aspects: the extent of performance exceeding the expectation, the latest performance, the concentration of institutional holdings, the effect of large and small market, and the previous trend:
1. The larger the extent of annual performance exceeding the expectation, the higher the excess return may be< (2) the stocks with the latest EPS growth on the base date are more likely to obtain higher excess returns when the annual performance exceeds the expected< (3) the stocks that lose the market in the 60 trading days before the base date are more likely to get higher excess returns after the annual performance exceeds the expectation< (4) the stocks with a lower proportion of institutional holdings (30% or less) in the latest period from the base date are more likely to obtain higher excess returns after the annual performance exceeds the expected< (5) small cap stocks with less than 500 million freely circulating shares are more likely to obtain higher excess returns when their annual performance exceeds expectations. After the combination of the above five screening criteria, the optimal screening criteria for the stocks whose annual report performance exceeds the expectation are "small cap stocks with the latest institutional shareholding ratio of 30% or less and the annual report performance exceeding the expectation of more than 50%
although there are different listed companies that launch high transfer scheme every year, investors can still find stocks with high transfer potential from some financial data. Generally speaking, the listed companies that can implement high transfer have the characteristics of small share capital, accumulation fund per share, high undistributed profit per share and large performance increase. According to the analysis of the market situation in 2012, the listed companies with a total share capital of less than 500 million shares, net assets per share of more than 3 yuan in the first three quarters, provident fund of more than 2 yuan, undistributed profit per share of no less than 1 yuan, performance growth of no less than 30% in 2012 and no profit distribution ring the latest interim report are most likely to launch a high transfer scheme ring the disclosure of 2012 annual report. Combined with the information disclosed in the third quarterly report of 2012 and the notice of 2012 annual report, 110 listed companies such as Jiuzhou electric (300040) are expected to become high transfer stars ring the 2012 annual report period
the hype on the theme of high transfer has always been the traditional reserved program of the annual report. Under the background of the poor market in 2012 and the difficulty for investors to make profits through the trading spread, high transfer may be more attractive to investors, especially the introction of the differential dividend tax policy is expected to promote more investors to establish the concept of value investment, It is expected that high transfer, especially high dividend concept stocks, will become one of the main concerns of the market at the end of the year and the beginning of the year< According to the statistics of tonghuashun data Department, there are 18 listed companies in line with high delivery in 2012 annual report, which are: Xinjiang Haoyuan, Shouhang energy saving, kanudi Road, Zhongke Jincai, Xin motor, Keming flour, Dongjiang environmental protection, Jiajia food, Longquan stock, Tengxin food, Gongda electroacoustic, xuedilong, Anzhong stock Huanghai machinery, Baiyang Co., Ltd., maoshuo power, Mengshi technology, Changliang technology Figure)
Shanghai Shikai development (600748), BaoTi (600456), Xinjiang Haoyuan (002700), Shandong mining machinery (002526) and other stocks maintained relative strength. With the late rebound of the market index, they successively entered the trading limit list of indivial stocks. One of the common characteristics of these four stocks is that they have the potential of high transfer
investors are more likely to obtain excess return before the announcement of the plan, and the excess return is not very stable after the announcement of the plan, so Nuggets high delivery stock needs to be arranged in advance. In addition to identifying potential stocks through financial indicators, investors should also pay attention to whether the relevant stocks have feedback www.southmoney.com In the tradition of investors, many "iron roosters" in the A-share market have the ability to pay dividends on financial data, but they are unwilling to implement profit distribution. In order to rece the share price and transaction difficulty, secondary new stocks with higher share price often have the willingness to split the share price through high transfer
the essence of equity transfer is the internal structural adjustment of shareholders' equity, which will not bring direct income to investors. At the same time, e to the expansion of share capital, the conversion of capital reserve into share capital and bonus share will dilute the earnings per share. Therefore, cash dividend is "real money" for investors, and high dividend stock has stronger participation value. In addition, the performance is the key to support the stock price of listed companies, and high transfer can only play a role of "icing on the cake" on the stock price
1. The annual report is the first to appear on the stock market or has explosive power
ring the annual reports of A-share over the years, the stock prices of the first companies to disclose the annual report will be severely speculated. For example, Shenzhen high and small board listed companies essence Pharmaceutical (002349) pulled out the first annual report in 2010, essence pharmaceuticals in from January 4 to 5, 2011, continuous trading for two consecutive days. During the 2012 annual report period, Yingkou Port (600317) and St instrial took the lead in publishing the annual report. After the scheled disclosure date, both shares rose sharply. In addition, Xingmin steel ring (002355), which was first disclosed in the small and medium-sized board, rose continuously before December 30, 2011, and there were two trading boards again after new year's day
according to the rules of pre disclosure schele of annual report of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, it should be released on the evening of December 31, 2012, and the release of Shenzhen stock exchange can be earlier than that of Shanghai Stock Exchange. The pre disclosure schele of Shenzhen Stock Exchange was announced ring the day of the third quarter of 2012, which had enough event impact on indivial stocks in trading, so on December 31, 2012, Radical investors can focus on the whole day< As of December 19, 934 companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges have issued their annual performance forecasts for 2012, and the annual performance forecasts of 64 companies have doubled that of last year. For example, the performance of Huaxing Chemical (002018), Shuangjian Co., Ltd. (002381), conch profile (000619), Hengdian dongci (002056), Baotong belt instry (300031), Xuji Electric (000400), Guanghui energy (600256) and other companies will be greatly improved compared with the same period last year
it is a necessary part of the annual report market that the performance of stocks increased significantly in advance. The stocks whose performance forecast exceeds the expectation will cause the market to be hot. From some stocks with substantial growth in performance, we can ambush related varieties in the same instry. For example, this year's performance in the electrical equipment instry is likely to soar. Xuji Electric recently predicted that the maximum performance change this year will reach 120%, and Pinggao electric (600312) in the same instry is certainly good. There are also small and medium market value of real estate stocks will also appear some performance surge stocks
3. There must be a good play to watch with high delivery and transfer
the concept of high delivery and transfer is bound to be sought after by the market ring the disclosure period of this year's annual report. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the stocks transferred from the annual report in the past three years, the probability of the stocks that have been highly transferred in the mid-term report of 2012 and those that have been implemented before is seriously reced ring the annual report of 2012. Therefore, most of the new stocks listed in 2012 and those that have not been transferred are more likely to be transferred ring the annual report
according to statistics, a total of 18 shares meet the conditions of high delivery, which are: Xinjiang Haoyuan (002700), Shouhang energy saving (002665), kanudi Road (002656), Zhongke Jincai (002657), Xin electric machinery (002664), Keming flour instry (002661), Dongjiang environmental protection (002672), Jiajia food (002650), Longquan stock (002671), Tengxin food (002702), Zhongke Jincai (002657), Xin electric machinery (002664), and Zhongke Jincai (002676) Gongda electroacoustic (002655), xuedilong (002658), Anzhong (002667), Huanghai machinery (002680), Baiyang (002696), maoshuo power (002660), Mengshi Technology (002684), Changliang Technology (300348)
it's time to prepare for the high delivery. For example, some varieties of Longquan stock and mengcao drought resistant (300355) have this condition both in terms of stock price and financial reporting conditions, and their performance is OK. If these stocks can release the high delivery plan earlier, the market funds will not lose the opportunity of speculation.

6.

What is blockchain? Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about network transactions of bitcoin, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

and traceability blockchain is a technology based on the nature of blockchain, which is to improve people's quality of life and food safety. Now there are all kinds of traceability, from pig traceability, to dmtc's Agricultural traceability , and then to cosmetics traceability, which are all around this commodity closely related to our life

7. Bitcoin is a distributed account book. There is no core server. As long as there are records in six blocks, the transaction records and accounts are legal
uniqueness is that your account is unique. Each user has only a portion of all user account records
those less than 1 bitcoin can also be traded. There is a bitcoin exchange and you can exchange them with any existing currency
the account is anonymous, just a string of codes
the essence of money is a credit certificate. You can understand it as an IOU. Bitcoin itself is not money, but because of its concealment and decentralization, it can act as a credit certificate for cross-border settlement, avoid the supervision of various rights, and facilitate money laundering. Therefore, bitcoin becomes money.

8. It is based on a new type of distributed ledger DAG, which is developed for the underlying technology. DAG is also known as directed acyclic. Generally speaking, any edge has a direction, and there is no loop. From the perspective of technology specialty, DAG technology has relatively good balance in security, decentralization and scalability, This is also the pursuit of traditional blockchain values.