Bitcoin source
The concept of bitcoin was founded by Nakamoto
On December 12, 2010, when bitcoin graally became a hot topic, he quietly left and disappeared from the Internet As a descendant of samurai, Nakamoto was born in 1949 in Beppu, Japan. His mother, quanzi, was a Buddhist and brought him up in poverty When his parents divorced in 1959, Nakamoto's mother remarried and immigrated to California with her three sons. Nakamoto and his stepfather don't get along well, but according to his younger brother Arthur, Nakamoto showed his talent in mathematics and science when he was very young, but also showed his "fickle and strange interest"Nakamoto graated from Caltech, majoring in physics. Upon graation, he joined Hughes Aircraft and worked in defense and electronic communications. Later, Nakamoto worked for the U.S. military, and his experience was classified as a state secret. Now searching his files, his life is a blank
In 2008, in an e-mail group discussing information encryption on the Internet, he published an article outlining the basic framework of the bitcoin system. In 2009, he established an open source project for the system, officially announcing the birth of bitcoin. On December 12, 2010, when bitcoin graally became the climate, he quietly left and disappeared from the InternetBitcoin is a kind of virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Different from all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, And the use of cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation. However, on September 4, 2017, the central bank and other seven ministries and commissions announced that virtual currency trading is prohibited in China, and bitcoin is prohibited from circulating in China
according to the first article of the notice on preventing the financing risks of token issuance, we should accurately understand the essential attributes of token issuance financing activities. Token issuance financing refers to the illegal sale and circulation of tokens by the financing subject to raise the so-called virtual currency such as bitcoin and ether coin from investors. In essence, it is an unauthorized illegal public financing behavior, which is suspected of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal criminal activities
Relevant departments will closely monitor relevant developments, strengthen cooperation with judicial departments and local governments, strictly enforce the law in accordance with the current working mechanism, and resolutely deal with market chaos. If suspected crimes are found, they will be transferred to judicial organs. The token or "virtual currency" used in token issuance financing is not issued by the monetary authority, does not have such monetary attributes as legal compensation and compulsion, does not have the same legal status as currency, and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market 
extended information:
Article 3 of the announcement on preventing the financing risk of token issuance strengthens the management of token financing trading platform. From the date of this announcement, any so-called token financing trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal tender and token and "virtual currency", nor buy or sell token or "virtual currency" as a central counterpart, nor provide pricing, information intermediary and other services for token or "virtual currency"
for the token financing trading platform with illegal problems, the financial management department will request the competent department of telecommunications to close its website platform and mobile app according to law, request the network information department to remove the mobile app from the app store, and request the instrial and commercial administration department to revoke its business license according to law
Article 4 financial institutions and non bank payment institutions shall not carry out business related to token issuance financing transactions. All financial institutions and non bank payment institutions shall not directly or indirectly provide procts or services such as account opening, registration, trading, clearing and settlement for token issuance and financing and "virtual currency", nor undertake insurance business related to token and "virtual currency" or include token and "virtual currency" into the scope of insurance liability. Financial institutions and non bank payment institutions shall report to the relevant departments in a timely manner if they find clues of violation of laws and regulations in token issuance financing transactions
Bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. But in China, bitcoin is forbidden to circulate
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity
extended information:
Article 1 of the announcement on preventing the financing risks of token issuance accurately understands the essential attributes of financing activities of token issuance. Token issuance financing refers to the so-called "virtual currency" raised from investors by the financing subject through the illegal sale and circulation of token. In essence, it is an unauthorized illegal public financing behavior, suspected of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal criminal activities
Relevant departments will closely monitor relevant developments, strengthen cooperation with judicial departments and local governments, strictly enforce the law in accordance with the current working mechanism, and resolutely deal with market chaos. If suspected crimes are found, they will be transferred to judicial organs. The token or "virtual currency" used in token issuance financing is not issued by the monetary authority, does not have such monetary attributes as legal compensation and compulsion, does not have the same legal status as currency, and cannot and should not be used as currency in the marketArticle 2 no organization or indivial may illegally engage in token issuance and financing activities. As of the date of this announcement, all kinds of token issuance and financing activities shall be stopped immediately. Organizations and indivials that have completed the token issuance and financing should make arrangements such as refund, reasonably protect the rights and interests of investors, and properly handle risks. Relevant departments will seriously investigate and deal with the activities of token issuance and financing that refuse to stop and the illegal behaviors in completed token issuance and financing projects
The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulationbitcoin: also known as "bitcoin", is a kind of network virtual currency. Internet users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual goods, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. Internet users can also use bitcoin to buy real goods
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward to reward the person who gets the answer
users can buy bitcoin, and at the same time, they can use computers to "mine" bitcoin according to a large number of calculations. When users "mine" bitcoin, they need to search for 64 bit numbers by computer, and then compete with other gold diggers by repeatedly solving riddles to provide the required numbers for bitcoin network. If the user's computer successfully creates a set of numbers
bitcoin is e-cash similar to e-mail. Both parties need "bitcoin wallet" similar to e-mail and "bitcoin address" similar to e-mail address. Just like sending and receiving e-mail, the remitter pays bitcoin directly to the other party through a computer or smart phone according to the recipient's address. The following table lists some websites that download bitcoin wallets and addresses for free
< H2 > resources network bitcoin
Why do small enterprises need law and large enterprises need law? Because enterprises need high human cost to improve, supervise and implement the management system. And the department work of small enterprises is not saturated, so the management can not proce benefits, so the boss is unable to support the human cost. If there are too many managers in an enterprise, not only the boss will not make money, but also the enterprise will be in debt. Basically, because the management has the final say, the rule of law management is not effective. For example, foreign employees can leave work without asking about the company. Is Chinese enterprises OK? A lot of boss's private affairs have become employees' work. After work in the evening, maybe the boss will call you back to work overtime. Can the staff not go? Can the boss stop calling? No, because the enterprise is too small, there are too many things, and it's too urgent. The boss is busy, but who doesn't he call you? This is China's national conditions. Foreign employees can shut down after work. Chinese employees can try to shut down. Maybe they will ask you to pack and leave the next day. Therefore, Chinese enterprises should not blindly learn from foreign enterprise management mode, because you are in China, not in foreign countries
Why do small businesses need to be governed by people? Because most small business owners can't afford to pay high wages, most of the talents they recruit are employees who are attracted by their own human relations. People help the boss to work regardless of pay for their emotional relationship. If the boss controls everything and doesn't trust the employees, who else will want to work with you. Therefore, the success of small businesses basically depends on the boss's personality charm in the leaders and influence people, rather than on the system in the managers. Although this kind of management method is unscientific, it is efficient. As a start-up enterprise, the effect is more important than the truth, so the little boss must not superstition what too deep enterprise management, suitable is the best
Why do large enterprises need the rule of law? Because the enterprise is big, there are many people, the boss's personal ability is limited, his language and behavior influence is also limited. If the enterprise does not have an effective management mechanism, then many important documents or important decisions of the enterprise can not be effectively implemented or communicated. There will be a big difference between what the employees do and what the boss thinks. So large enterprises need the rule of law. In addition, the advantage of the rule of law is to solve the unfair phenomenon of enterprises. Let employees compete and grow in a fair, just, open, reasonable and legal market environment. We have the responsibility to bear together, the fault to punish together, the goal to struggle together, the achievement to share together
the problem with most enterprises in China is that the boss does not know under what circumstances the enterprise should be governed by man and under what circumstances the enterprise should be governed by law. Because the development of Chinese enterprises is basically a process from the rule of man to the rule of law. Too early or too late rule of law will be detrimental to the development of enterprises. Therefore, too many enterprises in China either go bankrupt under the rule of man or disappear under the rule of law. Because the rule of man is too loose and the rule of law is too strict and cautious, enterprises often die as soon as they are in charge and mess as soon as they are released. The boss does not know whether the rule of law is good or the rule of man is good. More people lose prestige, less people lose cohesion. If you rule by law too early, you will be alone; If you rule by man too late, you will lose power. Therefore, it is a difficult process for an enterprise to change from rule by man to rule by law. First, the awareness of the boss, second, the determination of the boss, third, the courage of the boss, and at the same time, the opportunity should be grasped. Only in this way can the enterprise effectively transition from the rule of man to the rule of law, so as to make the enterprise develop healthily!