Bitcoin architecture
The price of a bitcoin soared from more than $20000 to $40000. This can not help but arouse my research interest, or simply understand what bitcoin is, what its mechanism looks like, and uncover its mystery. Therefore, after a simple search of some information and some understanding of the special currency, I sorted out the information on hand< (3) purpose: decentralize, rece risk
all servers in the distributed network can store and process data, and each server has equal status, which can store more data and has higher security<
this is the general content of popular science. If you want to know more about it, you can take a look at Nakamoto's paper and the official popular science video below
according to the regulations on the administration of RMB, the proction and sale of token tickets are prohibited. Because there is no clear judicial interpretation of the definition of token ticket, if bitcoin is included in the "token ticket", the legal prospect of bitcoin in China will face uncertainty< On June 4, 2009, the notice of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce on strengthening the management of virtual currency in online games (Wen Shi Fa [2009] No. 20) stated that the scope of application of virtual currency in online games was defined for the first time, and a distinction was made between the current virtual currency in online games and the virtual props in games; At the same time, the notice said that the "notice" stipulates that enterprises engaged in related services must be approved before they can operate
in China, some Taobao stores have begun to accept the use of bitcoin, and the number of businesses will graally increase
in October 2013, the first bitcoin quarterly, one bit, was released
on October 15, 2013, the network accelerator service of the network announced its support for bitcoin
on October 26, 2013, btcmini reported that GBL was hacked
on October 31, 2013, Lei Teng, a famous Internet lawyer, proposed the event of "filing a case to investigate the closure of GBL bitcoin trading platform as soon as possible", analyzed the "value function" and "use function" of bitcoin, and bitcoin should be governed by relevant laws.
blockchain technology is not only the underlying technology of bitcoin, but also the core and infrastructure of bitcoin bitcoin has been running without any centralized organization operation and management. Later, bitcoin technology was abstracted, which was called blockchain technology or distributed ledger technology
extended data:
disadvantages of blockchain technology applied to digital currency:
first, there is no circulation management organization for "decentralization" blockchain technology is essentially a distributed database system with one-way linked list logic structure and P2P network design mode, which determines that there is no unified central control system for virtual currency based on blockchain technology
Second, it is difficult to effectively control the quantity supply the circulation of virtual currency based on blockchain technology is fixed, and according to Fisher Equation, the total transaction volume of the whole society under a certain price level in a certain period has a certain proportion with the required nominal currency volume, while the constant currency volume obviously can not meet the requirements of the growing total price of social goods Thirdly, "mining mechanism" is difficult to create recognized value bitcoin itself has no value and no national credit support. Some people think that "by continuously consuming computing power and energy to inject value into virtual currency", but it is obviously not the most efficient choice to consume millions of calculations in order to find a hash value that meets the requirements Fourthly, procers and early holders are easy to get high seigniorage any virtual currency based on blockchain technology is held by a few people at the initial stage of its development. Take bitcoin as an example. At first, bitcoin was only a proct of a few people's game. The first bitcoin purchase in May 2010 was $10000 BTC's purchase of $25 pizza. The first bitcoin transaction completed in July of the same year was $0.04/btcthe P2P network structure adopted by bitcoin is not just the choice of topology. Bitcoin is designed as a point-to-point digital cash system, and its network architecture is the reflection and cornerstone of this core feature. Decentralized control is the core principle of design, which can only be achieved by maintaining a flat and decentralized P2P consensus network
each node in bitcoin P2P network is peer-to-peer, but according to the different functions provided, the division of labor of each node is not the same. Each bitcoin node is a functional set of routing, blockchain database, mining and wallet services. A bitcoin network node includes four functions: wallet, miner, complete blockchain and network routing node
some nodes keep a complete and up-to-date of the blockchain, which is called "all nodes". The whole node can independently verify all transactions without any external reference. In addition, some nodes only retain part of the blockchain, and they complete transaction verification through a method called "simple payment verification (SPV)". Such a node is called "SPV node", also known as "lightweight node"
mining nodes create new blocks in a competitive way through proof of work (POW) algorithm running on special hardware devices. Some mining nodes are also full nodes, keeping a complete of the blockchain; There are also some nodes involved in the mining of the mine pool, which are lightweight nodes, and they must rely on the whole node maintained by the mine pool server to work
User wallets can also be used as part of the whole node, which is common in desktop bitcoin clients. At present, more and more users' wallets are SPV nodes, especially bitcoin wallets running on resource constrained devices such as smart phones, which is becoming more and more common.
Last week, a paragraph about bitcoin became popular:
bitcoin broke through 5800 US dollars (about 38280 yuan) . When it was issued in 2009, 1 US dollar was equivalent to 1300 bitcoins. What is investment? It has increased by 7.54 million times in 8 years. At that time, you spent 38000 yuan to buy some bitcoin. Now you are the richest man in China, surpassing Xu Jiayin, who has 290 billion yuan
but just one week later, on October 20, bitcoin broke through the $6000 mark. Although it fell later, it reached more than $6000 again on October 21, reaching a maximum of $6147. In terms of $6000, bitcoin prices have risen 7.8 million times in eight years
according to cryptocompare, a bitcoin data provider, e to China's strict supervision of cryptocurrency trading, the global share of bitcoin market has been greatly changed. Now, in the total trading volume of the world's bitcoin exchanges, the trading volume of RMB versus bitcoin accounts for about 1.6%
} the proportion of RMB and yen in global bitcoin trading volume (photo source: cryptocompare)
the reporter noted that in the first half of this year, after Japan's legislation recognized bitcoin as a legal payment method, bitcoin's trading volume in Japan surged, and Japanese regulatory authorities have issued certificates to 11 cryptocurrency exchanges. About 58% of bitcoin trading currently takes place in the Japanese market, and nearly a third of yen to bitcoin trading takes place on the bitflyer exchange in Tokyo. In addition, the U.S. and South Korea markets also account for a large part of global bitcoin transactions - the U.S. dollar and the Korean won account for 27% and 7% of the total bitcoin transactions, respectively< br />
Bitcoin trading platform undertakes most of the functions of "bitcoin for cash" and "cash for bitcoin". The three largest exchange platforms in the world are Mt. GOx, bitstamp and btcchina. If you think that the use of bitcoin wallet is too cumbersome, the transaction data block takes up too much space. You can also use the trading platform as an online wallet. But note that bitcoin in the trading platform is actually stored on the website server
the total number of bitcoin trading platforms at home and abroad is about 100000 BTC. The daily turnover of bitcoin trading platform in normal operation in China is about 50000 BTC. But trading volume doesn't mean bitcoin usage. Speculators keep buying and selling bitcoin in the trading platform, which makes the trading volume of bitcoin far larger than the turnover among users; Even less bitcoin is used for payment
there are many online bitcoin trading institutions at home and abroad, which accept the exchange of bitcoin and legal tender. Mt. GOx is the earliest bitcoin trading platform, which was established in Japan in 2010. Bitstamp and btc-e are two other foreign trading platforms. There are also a large number of trading platforms in China
anyone can set up a bitcoin trading platform and develop a trading platform, which is no different from the development of traditional websites. And open source website has ready-made PHP class library can be called. Any bitcoin trading platform will become a live target for hackers. Can we guarantee the security of the website? If the website is attacked by hackers and all the bitcoin stored on the server is taken away, how to explain to the registered users? Mt. GOx, headquartered in Japan, used to be the largest bitcoin trading platform. On February 25, 2014, the official website of mt.gox was blank. Mt. GOx has deleted all of its twitter posts
on February 25, 2014, a number of bitcoin trading platforms including coinbase, circle and "bitcoin China" jointly issued a statement, which defined the incident as "the ruthless betrayal of mt.gox users' trust is caused by the ugly behavior of a company"
these companies said: "in order to solve the trust crisis caused by the failure of mt.gox, the responsible bitcoin trading platform will work together to promote the future of bitcoin and ensure the capital security of all customers. On February 25, 2014, the opening price of "bitcoin China" was 3562.41 yuan. By 4:40 p.m., the price had dropped to 3185 yuan, down more than 10%
according to the historical market data of the platform, on January 27, 2014, 1 bitcoin could be converted into 5032 yuan RMB. This means that in less than a month on the platform, the price of bitcoin has dropped by 36.7%. At the end of October 2013, Hong Kong GBL platform absconded with funds, and the whereabouts of more than 20 million yuan of funds were unknown. The program of this trading website is very poor. It doesn't use SSL security protocol, and even the user name is stored in clear text. They don't have some basic programming knowledge. GBL relies on the broker to develop the new customer's "quasi MLM" mode
on October 22, 2013, looking at the market of bitcoin, Mr. Qiao, a citizen of Dongyang, searched GBL company, a bitcoin trading platform, on the Internet, and recharged 90000 yuan to buy and sell bitcoin through a third-party payment. On October 26, 2013, it was found that the staff of the online trading platform were not online, and some normal trading proceres could not be implemented. It was found that the registered address of the company was false after a check, and a total of 90000 yuan was cheated. This is the first case of "bitcoin" fraud in Dongyang City. The police remind the citizens who buy "bitcoin" on the Internet to pay attention to screening the authenticity of the website to prevent being cheated
western economists have a lot of worries about the current economic bubble phenomenon of bitcoin. Australian Economist John Quiggin called bitcoin as "the most pure example of economic bubble (perhaps the finest example of a pure bubble)" recently, bitcoin continues to be hot, so that the virus, Trojan horse active, anti-virus company said, January and bitcoin mining related Trojan horse variants of ten thousand. In addition, some netizens disclosed to the IT channel of chinanews.com that some counterfeit coins similar to bitcoin may have "special blocks" and be poached. For ordinary miners, this may be more terrible than a Trojan horse
a bitcoin blackmail virus named "CTB Locker" is spreading in China. The virus can extort ransom from users by encrypting their computer files remotely. Users' files can only be opened after paying ransom
according to anti-virus experts, the virus cannot be cracked at home and abroad. On May 27, 2014, through the analysis of transaction data, Willy report website came to the conclusion that the soaring price of bitcoin last year and the huge increase in the trading volume of Mt. GOx may be e to false transactions, and may even involve insiders of Mt. GOx
nowadays, more and more people begin to suspect that the sharp rise of bitcoin in November 2013 and the increase of mt.gox's trading volume are partly e to a fraud. Specifically, a robot called "Willy" buys five to 10 bitcoins every five to 10 minutes, and this behavior lasts for at least a month
the bitcoin price of mt.gox has soared from about $200 in early November 2013 to a record high of $1236 on December 4 last year. While making early participants excited, more and more analysts began to explore the reasons behind: is it because Chinese people are speculating in their free exchanges? Or is it because bitcoin's resistance to government confiscation after the "Silk Road incident" led to a large outflow of this virtual currency
Willy report is a website with only one article, which describes in detail all kinds of suspicious robot trading activities from September to November 2013