What is the meaning of master ATC and BTC

2.

BTC (business to customer)

also known as B2C, e-commerce according to a classification of trading partners, that is, commercial institutions to consumers of e-commerce. This form of e-commerce is generally based on the network retail instry, mainly with the help of the Internet to carry out online sales activities

B2C mode is the earliest e-commerce mode in China, marked by the formal operation of 8848 online mall. B2C means that enterprises provide consumers with a new shopping environment through the Internet - online store, where consumers shop online and pay online

because this mode saves the time and space of customers and enterprises, and greatly improves the transaction efficiency, especially for busy office workers, this mode can save valuable time

two BTB (business to business)

also known as B2B, refers to a kind of Internet market, which is the marketing relationship between enterprises. It combines the intranet with customers through B2B website, and provides better service for customers through the rapid response of the network, so as to promote the business development of enterprises. In recent years, B2B develops rapidly and tends to be mature

three otos (online to offline)

also known as o2o, namely "online to offline". The core of the business model of oto is very simple, which is to bring online consumers to real stores, pay online to buy offline goods and services, and then enjoy offline services

extended materials:

e-commerce is a business activity with information network technology as the means and commodity exchange as the center; It can also be understood as the activities of trading activities and related services in the form of electronic transactions on the Internet, intranet and value-added network. It is the electronization, networking and informatization of all aspects of traditional business activities

e-commerce usually refers to a wide range of business and trade activities all over the world, in the Internet open network environment, based on Browser / server application mode,

buyers and sellers do not meet each other to carry out a variety of business activities, to achieve consumer online shopping, online transactions and online electronic payment between merchants, as well as a variety of business activities, trading activities Financial activities and related integrated service activities are a new business operation mode

governments, scholars and business people in various countries have given many different definitions according to their own status and different angles and degrees of participation in e-commerce. E-commerce is divided into ABC, B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (B2G), C2A (C2G), o2o, etc

At the same time, network marketing is also a proct of e-commerce, and for network marketing, it is necessary to make a good network marketing plan before doing it, so as to facilitate the implementation of the plan

since October 1, 2018, the Ministry of finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of customs have jointly issued the new regulations on tax exemption for e-commerce export enterprises in the comprehensive pilot zone of cross border e-commerce

3. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008. It is a kind of P2P digital currency. Bitcoin is not issued by specific monetary institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. At present, bitcoin can be bought and sold on mainstream platforms such as coin security, fire coin, bitewang (free of charge) and so on.

4.

ATC -- automatic train control system

ATC detects the temperature of each point of the unit through the ATCI / O channel of DEH control cabinet, calculates the actual stress of HP and IP rotors, and then compares it with the allowable stress to get the difference. Then it is transformed into the target command and change rate of speed or load, and the unit speed up and load change are controlled by DEH

in the whole process of unit startup and shutdown or load change, the closed-loop automatic control is carried out to keep the rotor stress within the allowable range. In addition to the closed-loop control of stress, ATC has perfect logic control and locking circuit for barring, warming up, valve switching, grid connection, etc., and automatically monitors the safety parameters of steam turbine, such as eccentricity, differential expansion, metal temperature of vibration bearing, axial displacement, motor cooling system, etc

extended data

ATC system consists of four subsystems: train automatic protection (ATP), train automatic operation (ATO), train automatic monitoring (ATS) or centralized scheling (CTC), and computer interlocking system.

1. ATS function: as the core function of ATC, it can automatically or manually control the route, conct traffic dispatching command, and provide information to traffic dispatchers and external systems. ATS function is mainly realized by the equipment located in the OCC (control center)

2. Interlocking function: respond to the command from ATS function, manage the control of route, switch and signal on the premise of meeting safety criteria at any time, and provide route, track circuit, switch and signal and status information to ATS and ATC function. The interlocking function is realized by the equipment distributed on the trackside

3. Train detection function: generally completed by track circuit

4. ATP function: under the restriction of interlocking function, the train operation can be controlled according to the requirements of ATS

5. PTI function: it transmits and receives various data through various channels, transmits them to ATS at a specific location, and reports train identification information, destination number, crew number and train location data to ATS, so as to optimize train operation

5. Practical observation and economic analysis on the phenomenon of street snack stalls -- a case study of Economics. All parties concerned tried their best to eliminate these peddlers, but they were defeated many times; The wildfire can't be burned out, and the spring wind blows again;, And business is booming. Why does this happen? How can this phenomenon exist for a long time? In this paper, through the author's actual investigation outside the east gate of Fudan University, and the use of economic game theory to analyze this< In recent years, with the growth of college enrollment and the improvement of the overall consumption level of college students, the night market outside the dormitory area of Fudan University is booming. When night falls, especially in the peak period between 21:00 and 23:00, more than a dozen vendors will set up stalls on both sides of Guoding road outside the east gate, offering a wide variety of snacks, almost gathering all over the country. The unit price of supper is generally between 1-3 yuan, which is very suitable for students. These food stalls are good for the & quot; on both sides of the road; Danyuan Restaurant& quot; Old alley Food & quot; And some supermarkets are just a heavy blow. It's not only the price advantage formed by tax evasion, but also the time advantage, because students don't need to waste a lot of time waiting in line. Due to the fierce competition of snack stalls, Danyuan and & quot; Old lane & quot; And supermarkets have a small share of the night market< Second, the causes of the phenomenon of street snack stalls -- driven by high profits? The answer is simple: there are high profits. Peddlers can be found in the night market; Indomitable & quot; That's what drives us. The natural formation and development of the night market is the creation of the peddlers on the road of getting rich, the establishment and application of the free economic rights, and the inevitable result of the peddlers' profit seeking behavior. It fully conforms to the development law of the market and market economy< (1) hawker and & quot; Black cat & quot From the above economic analysis, we can see that the reason why this problem has been unresolved for a long time is relatively complex. There are several solutions: the first is to restrain demand, that is, to levy consumption tax; The second is that the beneficiary pays monopoly rent. But practice has proved that these two methods are not feasible. First of all, it is difficult to define the subject of Taxation on students (whether it is the tax bureau or the school), and it will also be opposed by the majority of students; Secondly, the payment of rent is equivalent to the transfer of monopoly profits. It is difficult to determine the proportion of transfer. As a result, there will be endless bargaining between beneficiaries and attackers. Moreover, from the above analysis, we can see that this method will only rece the market efficiency. Therefore, many people think it is better to maintain the status quo< In the process of marketization, there are three different ways of combination between government behavior and (hawker) personal behavior, and there are three different ways of marketization, so the results are quite different

first, if the formation and development of the market does not have the spontaneous action of economic actors to pursue their own interests, but only the wishful thinking and independent action of government officials, then the government behavior has the content of non-governmental behavior and the nature of anti market behavior, which results in the destruction of the foundation of market development and the reversal and retrogression of the marketization process

Second, if the formation and development of the market is only the spontaneous action of economic actors in pursuit of their own interests, without the intervention and role of real government behavior, without the services and arrangements provided by the government, although the direction of marketization will not deviate, its development speed is slow, and its lack can hardly be made up

thirdly, if the development and formation of the market, both the spontaneous action of economic indivials, and the effective regulation and strong promotion of the government in response to the natural trend, not only the direction of marketization will be adhered to, but also the process will be greatly accelerated. The development of guonian Road vegetable market is proof<

notes:
① students usually return to their dormitories from the self-study classroom at this time. As the dinner time is usually from 4:30 to 6:00, most of them are hungry after three hours of self-study.
② this is very obvious in the cold winter. It is said that the omelet vendor took less than 30 seconds to make an omelet
③ this assumption is purely for the convenience of analysis. In fact, when a peddler is caught, he will not lose all his procts and may escape. There are good reasons to believe that hawkers make rational choices. It can't be understood that the police don't have the incentive to catch them; Illegal & quot; Small vendors, such as the commodity market on guonian road< (6) the market share of the latter two is relatively small? The price of supper in Laoxiang and supermarkets is generally high. For example, the price of meat bag is 0.5 yuan / piece in Danyuan, but it is 1.5 yuan / piece in Lianhua supermarket< (7) in the summer of 2000, Danyuan food poisoning incident was an example. Although there has been some rectification since the fall of 2000, the health situation is worrying< (1) Xie Shiyu, 1997: economic game theory, Fudan University Press, 1997< (2) Xie Shiyu, economic research (No.8, 1997), economic analysis of counterfeiting and shoddy phenomenon< (3) Edgar fayge, 1993: underground economics, Shanghai Sanlian bookstore, translated by Zheng Jiefu et al< (4) Emily chamlee Wright: the local system and economic cost in Africa, selected from the revolution of development economics, translated by Huang Zuhui and Jiang Wenhua, Shanghai Sanlian bookstore; Big market & quot; To put out & quot; Small & quot; Comparison and analysis of market and Yiwu small market into big market

6. Well, you can focus on the following aspects. The first one to bear the brunt is monetary policy. There are many things to write about, such as what is the monetary policy of the central bank, what measures have been taken, the interaction between these measures, the impact on economic and social development, the advantages and disadvantages, and so on. What measures can be taken to balance the advantages and disadvantages... There is also the exchange rate, which can be written too much, and has been written many times by various economic masters. You can get online for reference. In short, one by one, through many economic fields, you can express your unique opinions. I'm also a beginner in economics. I don't know a lot of things, I don't know any technical terms, and I don't speak at length. If these are helpful to you, I'm very glad. If they are useless, I'll read a post!

7. Economics can be explored