Bitcoin address balance calculation
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
You can download a bitcoin wallet or register on a trading platform. Everyone's bitcoin address is unique. If you have an address, you can make a bitcoin transfer. Download bitcoin client or bitcoin wallet, you can also register your own bitcoin address. A bitcoin address is a string of 26 to 34 bits of letters and numbers, which looks a bit like garbled code
the bitcoin address is an indivial's bitcoin account, which is equivalent to your bank card number. Anyone can transfer bitcoin to you through your bitcoin address. The red box is the bitcoin address. Log in to my bitcoin bag and you can see the money
extended materials:
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software was designed and released, and the P2P network on it was constructed. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
bitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
reference: network bitcoin
First of all, you should imagine a concept of "wallet" in your brain. Your bitcoin is in your wallet. A wallet can contain many... Many addresses. The form of the address is the form
with the bitcoin address generated in the bitcoin wallet, you can receive bitcoin from others, and you can also transfer the bitcoin in your account to the bitcoin address of others. Bitcoin address, like bank card number, has the functions of payment, transfer and withdrawal. However, when transferring money, you can only transfer money by knowing someone else's bitcoin address
if we simply compare a bitcoin wallet to a bank card account, then the address of the bitcoin wallet can be regarded as a bank card account number. The difference is that bitcoin addresses can not be stored on the network, but also exist independently of your wallet
bitcoin address is a string of 26 to 34 letters and numbers. It looks like a lot of messy code. To put it bluntly, it's just like your bank card number. All transfer records of each bitcoin address can be checked through blockchain query, which is open and transparent
address generation of bitcoin Wallet: 256 binary digits are randomly selected to form the private key, and then the address is generated by encryption function. This generation direction is unidirectional. That is, you know that the address cannot be decrypted to calculate the private key. At present, the computing power of human computer can't be cracked, so you can publish the address on the Internet with ease
reference link: bitcoin | network
我晕 不懂不要乱说可以吗 LZ自己下载三星kies打开工具-设备升级和初始化不要连接手机输入您的手机的S/N码 看显示的您手机的版本的后三位 根据这三位查是哪儿的
Algeria.(阿尔及利亚)
ALG=ALGERIA
ALR=ALGERIA
Argentina.(阿根廷)
ANC=ARGENTINA
ARO=ARGENTINA
CTI=ARGENTINA
UFN=ARGENTINA
PSN=ARGENTINA
Aruba.(阿鲁巴)
ARU=ARUBA
Australia.(澳大利亚)
OPP=AUSTRALIA
OPS=AUSTRALIA
VAU=AUSTRALIA
XSA=AUSTRALIA
TEL=AUSTRALIA
HUT=AUSTRALIA
Austria.(奥地利)
AOM=AUSTRIA
DRE=AUSTRIA
MAX=AUSTRIA
MOB=AUSTRIA
MOK=AUSTRIA
ONE=AUSTRIA
TRG=AUSTRIA
ATO=AUSTRIA
Baltick.(波罗的海)
SEB=BALTICK
Belarus.(白俄罗斯)
MTB=BELARUS
VEL=BELARUS
Belgium.(比利时)
BAE=BELGIUM
BSE=BELGIUM
PRO=BELGIUM
XEB=BELGIUM
Bosnia-Herzegovina.(波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那)
BHO=BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
BHT=BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
TEB=BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
Brazil.(巴西)
BTA=BRAZIL
BTM=BRAZIL
TMR=BRAZIL
ZTA=BRAZIL
ZVV=BRAZIL
ZTO=BRAZIL
ZTM=BRAZIL
Bulgaria.(保加利亚)
CMF=BULGARIA
GBL=BULGARIA
MTE=BULGARIA
MTL=BULGARIA
OMX=BULGARIA
PLX=BULGARIA
VVT=BULGARIA
Cambodia.(柬埔寨)
RCG=CAMBODIA
Canada.(加拿大)
RGS=CANADA
BMC=CANADA
TLS=CANADA
Chile.(智利)
CHB=CHILE
CHE=CHILE
CHL=CHILE
CHT=CHILE
China.(中国)
CUH=CHINA
INT=CHINA
TEC=CHINA
TIY=CHINA
CMC=CHINA
CHN=CHINA
CHZ=CHINA
M00=CHINA
Colombia.(哥伦比亚)
COB=COLOMBIA
COL=COLOMBIA
COM=COLOMBIA
CGU=COLOMBIA
CostaRica.(哥斯达黎加)
ICE=COSTARICA
Croatia.(克罗地亚)
CRO=CROATIA
TRA=CROATIA
TWO=CROATIA
VIP=CROATIA
Cyprus.(塞浦路斯)
CYV=CYPRUS
Czech.(捷克)
ETL=CZECH
KBN=CZECH
OSK=CZECH
VDC=CZECH
XCS=CZECH
XEZ=CZECH
TMZ=CZECH
O2C=CZECH
Denmark.(丹麦)
DTL=DENMARK
DominicanRep.(多米尼加代表)
CDR=DOMINICANREP.
TDR=DOMINICANREP.
Dominica.(多米尼加)
CST=DOMINICA
DCN=DOMINICA
DOR=DOMINICA
Ecuador.(厄瓜多尔)
BBE=ECUADOR
Egypt.(埃及)
EGY=EGYPT
ElSalvador.(萨尔瓦多)
DGC=ELSALVADOR
TBS=ELSALVADOR
Finland.(芬兰)
ELS=FINLAND
SAU=FINLAND
France.(法国)
OFR=FRANCE
AUC=FRANCE
BOG=FRANCE
COR=FRANCE
DIX=FRANCE
FTM=FRANCE
NRJ=FRANCE
ORC=FRANCE
ORF=FRANCE
SFR=FRANCE
UNI=FRANCE
VGF=FRANCE
XEF=FRANCE
Germany.(德国)
DBT=GERMANY
DTM=GERMANY
DUT=GERMANY
EPL=GERMANY
MAN=GERMANY
MBC=GERMANY
VD2=GERMANY
VIA=GERMANY
XEG=GERMANY
KOR=GERMANY
Ghana.(加纳)
SPN=GHANA
Greece.(希腊)
AOC=GREECE
COS=GREECE
EUR=GREECE
GER=GREECE
TGR=GREECE
VGR=GREECE
CYO=GREECE
Guatemala.(危地马拉)
PCS=GUATEMALA
HongKong.(香港)
TGY=HONGKONG
Hungary.(匈牙利)
PAN=HUNGARY
VDH=HUNGARY
WST=HUNGARY
TMO=HUNGARY
XEH=HUNGARY
TMH=HUNGARY
India.(印度)
HFC=INDIA
HYA=INDIA
INA=INDIA
IND=INDIA
INU=INDIA
IMS=INDIA
REL=INDIA
TAT=INDIA
INS=INDIA
Indonesia.(印尼)
AXI=INDONESIA
SAR=INDONESIA
XSE=INDONESIA
Iran.(伊朗)
THR=IRAN
Ireland.(爱尔兰)
3IE=IRELAND
VDI=IRELAND
Israel.(以色列)
CEL=ISRAEL
PCL=ISRAEL
PTR=ISRAEL
Italy.(意大利)
GOM=ITALY
HUI=ITALY
ITV=ITALY
OMN=ITALY
TIM=ITALY
VOM=ITALY
WIN=ITALY
XET=ITALY
FWB=ITALY
IvoryCoast.(象牙海岸)
IRS=IVORYCOAST
SIE=IVORYCOAST
Jamaica.(牙买加)
JBS=JAMAICA
JCN=JAMAICA
JCW=JAMAICA
Japan.(日本)
DCM=JAPAN
SBM=JAPAN
VFK=JAPAN
Jordan.(约旦)
LEV=JORDAN
Kazakhstan.(哈萨克斯坦)
EST=KAZAKHSTAN
KCL=KAZAKHSTAN
KMB=KAZAKHSTAN
KZK=KAZAKHSTAN
SKZ=KAZAKHSTAN
Kenya.(肯尼亚)
KEL=KENYA
KEN=KENYA
Korea.(韩国)
SKT=KOREA
LibyanArabRep.(利比亚阿拉伯精华)
MMC=LIBYANARABREP
Lithuania.(立陶宛)
TLT=LITHUANIA
Luxemburg.(卢森堡)
LUX=LUXEMBURG
Ma文明用语.(澳门)
VTN=MA文明用语
Macedonia.(马其顿)
TMC=MACEDONIA
MBM=MACEDONIA
Malaysia.(马其顿)
CCM=MALAYSIA
MXS=MALAYSIA
FMG=MALAYSIA
FME=MALAYSIA
XME=MALAYSIA
Maxico.(墨西哥)
SEM=MAXICO
TCE=MAXICO
TMM=MAXICO
UNE=MAXICO
Mongolia.(蒙古)
MPC=MONGOLIA
Morocco.(摩洛哥)
WAN=MOROCCO
FWD=MOROCCO
MAT=MOROCCO
MED=MOROCCO
SNI=MOROCCO
MWD=MOROCCO
Netherlands.(荷兰)
BEN=NETHERLANDS
MMO=NETHERLANDS
ONL=NETHERLANDS
QIC=NETHERLANDS
TFT=NETHERLANDS
TNL=NETHERLANDS
VDF=NETHERLANDS
VDP=NETHERLANDS
XEN=NETHERLANDS
KPN=NETHERLANDS
NewZealand.(新西兰)
VNZ=NEWZEALAND
Nigeria.(尼日利亚)
ECT=NIGERIA
GCR=NIGERIA
MML=NIGERIA
Norway.(挪威)
TEN=NORWAY
Pakistan.(巴基斯坦)
WDC=PAKISTAN
PAK=PAKISTAN
Panama.(巴拿马)
BPC=PANAMA
PCW=PANAMA
PBS=PANAMA
Peru.(秘鲁)
PEB=PERU
PET=PERU
SAM=PERU
Philippines.(菲律宾)
FAM=PHILIPPINES
XTC=PHILIPPINES
GLB=PHILIPPINES
XTE=PHILIPPINES
SMA=PHILIPPINES
Poland.(波兰)
ERA=POLAND
IDE=POLAND
PLS=POLAND
PRT=POLAND
XEO=POLAND
Portugal.(葡萄牙)
OPT=PORTUGAL
TMN=PORTUGAL
TPH=PORTUGAL
XEP=PORTUGAL
TCL=PORTUGAL
PuertoRico.(波多黎各)
CEN=PUERTORICO
PCI=PUERTORICO
TPR=PUERTORICO
Romania.(罗马尼亚)
CNX=ROMANIA
HAT=ROMANIA
ORO=ROMANIA
COA=ROMANIA
Russia.(俄罗斯)
AZC=RUSSIA
BLN=RUSSIA
EMT=RUSSIA
ERS=RUSSIA
GEO=RUSSIA
MTV=RUSSIA
SER=RUSSIA
SNT=RUSSIA
SaudiArabia.(沙特阿拉伯)
JED=SAUDIARABIA
SerbiaMontenegro.(塞黑)
MSR=SERBIAMONTENEG
PMN=SERBIAMONTENEG
SMO=SERBIAMONTENEG
TSR=SERBIAMONTENEG
TOP=SERBIAMONTENEG
Singapore.(新加坡)
BGD=SINGAPORE
XSO=SINGAPORE
XSP=SINGAPORE
Slovenia.(斯洛文尼亚)
MOT=SLOVENIA
SIM=SLOVENIA
Slovakia.(斯洛伐克)
GTL=SLOVAKIA
IRD=SLOVAKIA
TMS=SLOVAKIA
ORS=SLOVAKIA
SouthAfrica.(南非)
XFA=SOUTHAFRICA
XFC=SOUTHAFRICA
XFM=SOUTHAFRICA
XFV=SOUTHARFICA
XFE=SOUTHAFRICA
SouthWestAsia.(西南亚)
SWA=SOUTHWESTASIA
Spain.(西班牙)
AMN=SPAIN
EUS=SPAIN
FOP=SPAIN
XEC=SPAIN
ATL=SPAIN
Sweden.(瑞典)
BAU=SWEDEN
BCN=SWEDEN
BME=SWEDEN
BSG=SWEDEN
BTH=SWEDEN
COV=SWEDEN
HTS=SWEDEN
SEN=SWEDEN
TET=SWEDEN
TLA=SWEDEN
XEE=SWEDEN
VDS=SWEDEN
TNO=SWEDEN
Switzerland.(瑞士)
AUT=SWITZERLAND
ORG=SWITZERLAND
MOZ=SWITZERLAND
SUN=SWITZERLAND
SWC=SWITZERLAND
Taiwan.(台湾)
TWM=TAIWAN
BRI=TAIWAN
TCC=TAIWAN
TCI=TAIWAN
CWT=TAIWAN
Temporary.(临时)
TEM=TEMPORARY
Thailand.(泰国)
CAT=THAILAND
THE=THAILAND
THL=THAILAND
THO=THAILAND
THS=THAILAND
Tanzania.(坦桑尼亚)
SOL=Tanzania
Tunesia.(突尼斯)
ABS=TUNISIA
RNG=TUNISIA
Turkey.(土耳其)
BAS=TURKEY
KVK=TURKEY
TUR=TURKEY
TLP=TURKEY
TRC=TURKEY
Ukraine.(乌克兰)
KVR=UKRAINE
SEK=UKRAINE
UMC=UKRAINE
UnitedArabEmirat.(阿联酋)
MID=UNITEDARABEMIRAT
ARB=UNITEDARABEMIRAT
XSG=UNITEDARABEMIRAT
AFR=UNITEDARABEMIRAT
ITO=UNITEDARABEMIRAT
UnitedKingdom.(英国)
BTC=UNITEDKINGDOM
O2I=UNITEDKINGDOM
O2U=UNITEDKINGDOM
ORA=UNITEDKINGDOM
TMU=UNITEDKINGDOM
TSC=UNITEDKINGDOM
VOD=UNITEDKINGDOM
XEU=UNITEDKINGDOM
VIR=UNITEDKINGDOM
H3G=UNITEDKINGDOM
CPW=UNITEDKINGDOM
USA.(美国)
AWS=USA
DOB=USA
TMB=USA
CLW=USA
Uzbekistan.(乌兹别克斯坦)
UZB=UZBEKISTAN
Venezuela.(委内瑞拉)
VMT=VENEZUELA
Vietnam.(越南)
XXV=VIETNAM
PHU=VIETNAM
XEV=VIETNAM
DNA=VIETNAM
FPT=VIETNAM
SPT=VIETNAM
TLC=VIETNAM
VTC=VIETNAM
VTL=VIETNAM
不是下面这几个 那卖给您的就是JS无误了
China.(中国)
CUH=CHINA
INT=CHINA
TEC=CHINA
TIY=CHINA
CMC=CHINA
CHN=CHINA
CHZ=CHINA
M00=CHINA
therefore, the account balance of bitcoin is calculated through the user's utxo.
1. Version of block
2. Hash value of the previous block: prev_ Hash
3. The hash tree value of the transaction record to be written: Merkle_ Root
4. Update time: ntime
5. Current difficulty: nbits
the process of mining is to find x to make
sha256 (version + prev)_ hash + merkle_ root + ntime + nbits + x )) < Target
the range of X in the above formula is 0 ~ 2 ^ 32, which can be calculated according to the current difficulty. In addition to x, you can also try to change Merkle_ Root and ntime. Because of the hash feature, finding such an X can only be brute force search
once calculator a finds x, it can broadcast a new block, and other clients will verify whether the block published by calculator a is legal
if the published block is accepted, the first transaction in each block must be to send the newly generated 25 bitcoins to an address. Of course, calculator a will set this address to the address owned by calculator a to get the 25 bitcoins.