What does Ben Cong say about the service charge of bitcoin
Publish: 2021-04-26 02:11:48
1. In order to understand the technical principle of bitcoin, we need to understand two important cryptographic techniques: hash code: it converts a long string into a fixed length string, and its conversion is irreversible, that is, it is impossible to guess the original string from hash code. Sha256 is mainly used in bitcoin protocol
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
2. 1. The smallest bitcoin unit is 1 Cong, or 0.00000001btc
2. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
3. Unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million.
2. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
3. Unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million.
3. The transaction cost of bitcoin is generally between 0.0001-0.0005btc. Of course, the amount accepted by each miner and miner's Association is different. Sometimes, a large amount of bitcoin transaction does not need a service charge, such as more than 100btc. Small transactions below 0.01btc will be charged a certain amount of fees. Of course, some bitcoin clients can set bitcoin transaction fee. If you set the transaction fee very low, the transaction confirmation time will be very long
first of all, we should understand that this service charge is given to miners to encourage them to continue mining and provide enough computing power for bitcoin, so as to ensure the security of bitcoin network. At present, the main income of miners is to get BTC reward by creating new blocks, but the reward is halved every four years. As time goes on, bitcoin transaction fee will graally replace bitcoin reward
under what circumstances should the handling charge be paid? What's the amount
bitcoin system has a series of network rules, including the handling charge rules, which are "what the client should do". When you use bitcoin client (wallet, bitcoin QT) to send bitcoin, the whole process is roughly divided into the following steps:
1. Prepare the bitcoin you want to send
the client is responsible for collecting the balance of bitcoin in your wallet (bitcoin QT) to prepare for payment, Because every bitcoin you receive is in your wallet until you spend it
if you withdraw 3btc and 2btc twice in okcoin bitcoin, their records in your wallet are independent, that is, a 3btc and a 2btc, instead of merging them into 5btc (the wallet only records transaction details, but does not merge the balance, but you can see the total balance on the interface of the wallet), As time goes on, you will accumulate a lot of bitcoin in your wallet. It is conceivable that there should be thousands of such records in okcoin bitcoin wallet. So when you send bitcoin, the wallet must decide which of the above records are most suitable for this sending
the bitcoin you get in a transaction is called "inputs" and the bitcoin you spend is called "outputs". There are multiple inputs and outputs in your wallet
2. Prevent a large number of micro payments from impacting the network
if you recharge the okcoin bitcoin trading platform less than 0.01btc (including the fund changes inside your wallet), you must pay a handling charge of 0.0001. When preparing your payment amount, the wallet has an established rule, that is, when preparing the payment amount in many inputs, try to avoid the amount change less than 0.01btc (for example, if you want to recharge 5.005btc to okcoin bitcoin, the wallet should choose 3 + 2.005 or 1 + 1 + 3.005 instead of 5 + 0.005)
3. The larger the amount, the higher the age of the currency, the higher the priority
if the amount you send is too small or your bitcoin has just been mined, then your transfer is no longer free. Each transaction will be assigned a priority, which is determined by the degree of currency, the number of bytes and the number of transactions. Specifically, for each input, the client will first multiply the number of bitcoins by the time they exist in the block (currency age, age), and then divide all the procts by the size of the transaction (in bytes). The calculation formula is: priority = sum (input)_ value_ in_ base_ units * input_ age)/size_ in_ If the calculation result is less than 0.576, then the transaction must pay the handling fee. This is why you need to add a 0.0001 when you withdraw with okcoin bitcoin, because the bitcoin transfer in okcoin wallet is frequent, and the time of bitcoin in the block is relatively short, so you need to pay a handling charge. If you do have a large number of small inputs, such as small miners, and want to transfer them out for free, you can add a large amount of bitcoin with a large currency age, and the average priority will be increased, so that bitcoin can be transferred out for free
4. Charge per kilobyte
at the end of the transfer, the client calculates the size of the transfer (in bytes), which generally depends on the amount of input and output. The calculation formula is as follows: 148 × Input amount + 34 × Output amount + 10. If the size of the transfer exceeds 10000 bytes, but the priority meets the free standard, you can still enjoy the free transfer, otherwise you need to pay the handling charge. The cost per 1000 bytes is 0.0001btc by default, but you can also add it in the client by opening the tab "settings & gt; Options & gt; The main purpose is to adjust the handling charge. If the service charge you are setting is less than 0.0001, BTC is calculated as 0.0001. When this rule applies, it will replace the rule in step 2 instead of accumulating.
first of all, we should understand that this service charge is given to miners to encourage them to continue mining and provide enough computing power for bitcoin, so as to ensure the security of bitcoin network. At present, the main income of miners is to get BTC reward by creating new blocks, but the reward is halved every four years. As time goes on, bitcoin transaction fee will graally replace bitcoin reward
under what circumstances should the handling charge be paid? What's the amount
bitcoin system has a series of network rules, including the handling charge rules, which are "what the client should do". When you use bitcoin client (wallet, bitcoin QT) to send bitcoin, the whole process is roughly divided into the following steps:
1. Prepare the bitcoin you want to send
the client is responsible for collecting the balance of bitcoin in your wallet (bitcoin QT) to prepare for payment, Because every bitcoin you receive is in your wallet until you spend it
if you withdraw 3btc and 2btc twice in okcoin bitcoin, their records in your wallet are independent, that is, a 3btc and a 2btc, instead of merging them into 5btc (the wallet only records transaction details, but does not merge the balance, but you can see the total balance on the interface of the wallet), As time goes on, you will accumulate a lot of bitcoin in your wallet. It is conceivable that there should be thousands of such records in okcoin bitcoin wallet. So when you send bitcoin, the wallet must decide which of the above records are most suitable for this sending
the bitcoin you get in a transaction is called "inputs" and the bitcoin you spend is called "outputs". There are multiple inputs and outputs in your wallet
2. Prevent a large number of micro payments from impacting the network
if you recharge the okcoin bitcoin trading platform less than 0.01btc (including the fund changes inside your wallet), you must pay a handling charge of 0.0001. When preparing your payment amount, the wallet has an established rule, that is, when preparing the payment amount in many inputs, try to avoid the amount change less than 0.01btc (for example, if you want to recharge 5.005btc to okcoin bitcoin, the wallet should choose 3 + 2.005 or 1 + 1 + 3.005 instead of 5 + 0.005)
3. The larger the amount, the higher the age of the currency, the higher the priority
if the amount you send is too small or your bitcoin has just been mined, then your transfer is no longer free. Each transaction will be assigned a priority, which is determined by the degree of currency, the number of bytes and the number of transactions. Specifically, for each input, the client will first multiply the number of bitcoins by the time they exist in the block (currency age, age), and then divide all the procts by the size of the transaction (in bytes). The calculation formula is: priority = sum (input)_ value_ in_ base_ units * input_ age)/size_ in_ If the calculation result is less than 0.576, then the transaction must pay the handling fee. This is why you need to add a 0.0001 when you withdraw with okcoin bitcoin, because the bitcoin transfer in okcoin wallet is frequent, and the time of bitcoin in the block is relatively short, so you need to pay a handling charge. If you do have a large number of small inputs, such as small miners, and want to transfer them out for free, you can add a large amount of bitcoin with a large currency age, and the average priority will be increased, so that bitcoin can be transferred out for free
4. Charge per kilobyte
at the end of the transfer, the client calculates the size of the transfer (in bytes), which generally depends on the amount of input and output. The calculation formula is as follows: 148 × Input amount + 34 × Output amount + 10. If the size of the transfer exceeds 10000 bytes, but the priority meets the free standard, you can still enjoy the free transfer, otherwise you need to pay the handling charge. The cost per 1000 bytes is 0.0001btc by default, but you can also add it in the client by opening the tab "settings & gt; Options & gt; The main purpose is to adjust the handling charge. If the service charge you are setting is less than 0.0001, BTC is calculated as 0.0001. When this rule applies, it will replace the rule in step 2 instead of accumulating.
4.
On January 3, 2009, the first batch of 50 bitcoins were g up on a small server in Finland. On May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: programmer Laszlo hanyecz bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC. This transaction gave birth to the first fair exchange rate of bitcoin.
< H2 > extended materials 
Satoshi Nakamoto, a self styled Japanese American, is often translated by Japanese media as the founder of bitcoin protocol and its related software bitcoin QT, but his real identity is unknown. In 2008, Nakamoto published a paper called "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system", which describes an electronic currency and its algorithm called "bitcoin"
In 2009, he released the first bitcoin software and officially launched the bitcoin financial system. In 2010, he graally faded out and handed over the project to other members of the bitcoin community. Nakamoto is believed to hold about one million bitcoins. These bitcoins were worth more than $1 billion at the end of 2013since the publication of the paper, the real identity of Nakamoto has long been unknown to the outside world. Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, claims that Nakamoto is a cypherpunk. In addition, some people said that "Nakamoto is an anarchist. His original intention is not to control digital cryptocurrency by a certain government or central bank, but to become a global free flowing currency that is not regulated and controlled by the government."
main entry: bitcoin history
on November 1, 2008, Nakamoto published a paper entitled "bitcoin: a point-to-point e-cash system" in the cryptography mailing list of "metzdowd. Com". This paper describes in detail how to create a decentralized electronic trading system, and this system does not need to be built on the basis of mutual trust between the two parties. Soon, on January 3, 2009, he developed the first client program to implement the bitcoin algorithm, concted the first "mining" and obtained the first batch of 50 bitcoins. This also marks the formal birth of bitcoin financial system
on December 5, 2010, ring the WikiLeaks leak of US diplomatic cables, the bitcoin community appealed to WikiLeaks to accept bitcoin donations to break the financial blockade. Nakamoto expressed his firm opposition, saying that bitcoin is still in its infancy and cannot afford conflicts and disputes. Seven days later, on December 12, he published his last article in the bitcoin forum, mentioning some minor problems in the latest version of the software. Then he did not show up and e-mail communication was graally terminated
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Le Pai lock screen (original lock screen magazine) can provide you with personalized matching and exquisite and high-quality content
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4. Coloros version 3.0: "Settings > lock screen magazine and wallpaper > lock screen magazine"
precautions:
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2. Coloros before 3.0 does not support lock screen magazines.
Le Pai lock screen (original lock screen magazine) can provide you with personalized matching and exquisite and high-quality content
setting method:
1. Coloros 7 and above: "Settings > desktop and music lock screen > Music lock screen"
2. Coloros version 5.0-6.1.2: "Settings > desktop and lock screen magazine > lock screen magazine"
3. Coloros version 3.1-3.2: "Settings > display and brightness > lock screen magazine and wallpaper > lock screen magazine"
4. Coloros version 3.0: "Settings > lock screen magazine and wallpaper > lock screen magazine"
precautions:
1. By default, the lock screen magazine only updates pictures under WiFi, and does not consume data traffic
2. Coloros before 3.0 does not support lock screen magazines.
6. This statement is widely spread on the Internet, but it is likely to be a rumor. This statement was actually put forward by a bitcoin blogger in 2012, and has not been confirmed at all. However, there is a saying in the instry that has received a lot of support. The 50 bitcoins awarded by Chuangshi block have entered the address of Nakamoto Tsung. In the bitcoin network, the number of bitcoins owned by each address is publicly available. Therefore, the number of bitcoins owned by Nakamoto Tsung's address to receive the genesis block award is searchable, which is currently 67. Fifty of them came from the genesis dig award on January 3, 2009, and the other 17 were transferred in by many bitcoin enthusiasts, which may be to show respect for Nakamoto.
7. In 018, the explosive development of blockchain technology was much like the Internet in 1997. I believe that the development of blockchain technology will certainly be faster than the Internet. If you don't take in some knowledge of blockchain, maybe you will fall behind an era. This article will answer several questions about bitcoin
question 1: how was bitcoin born
on November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a statement on micro v-bq Er Wu Ba y on a secret cryptography review group (cryptopunk), stating his new idea of e-money bitcoin
question 2: how to proce bitcoin
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to solve a complex mathematical problem with a computer to ensure the micro v-bq consistency of the bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains all the transaction information in the past 10 minutes. Whoever can work out the figures will get the right to keep accounts. After obtaining the accounting right, it will broadcast and store to the whole network. It's uncertain who gets the bookkeeping right. Of course, the stronger your computing ability is, the higher the probability of getting the bookkeeping right is. Then the bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward to reward those who have the right to keep accounts
question 3: what are the characteristics of bitcoin
it is impossible to control the number of issues without a fully decentralized issuing institution. Bitcoin does not need a third-party organization, and it is a peer-to-peer transaction with mutual trust. The establishment of trust is no longer based on large institutions, but on cryptography and code. Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin. The private key is needed to control bitcoin. It can be stored in any storage medium in isolation, and no one can get it except the user himself. As a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome limit of quota and proceres. You can pay when you know the address of the other party's bitcoin
question 4: can bitcoin be imitated
it is difficult for the cat to survive. Because bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, recompile, and create a new P2P currency. However, these counterfeit currencies are vulnerable to 51% attacks. Any indivial or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a P2P currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency value at will, which will be a devastating blow to P2P currency. Many Shanzhai coins die in this link. The bitcoin network is robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the bitcoin network, the number of CPUs / GPUs required will be astronomical
question 5: why is the total amount of bitcoin 21 million
when bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5. And so on. According to its design principle, the total amount of bitcoin will continue to grow until it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. However, the growth rate of bitcoin micro v-bq in the later period will be very slow. In short, bitcoin proction is halved every four years, and currently 12.5 bitcoins are proced every 10 minutes. In fact, 87.5% of bitcoin will be "g up" in the first 12 years. Moreover, 21 million is only theoretical data. In reality, e to the neglect of bitcoin in the early stage, many bitcoins were lost
question 6: what are the benefits of bitcoin miners
first of all, bitcoin will be rewarded directly after obtaining the bookkeeping right through calculation. But according to bitcoin's rules, as time goes on, the rewards will be less and less. In the future, the income will mainly come from the service charge generated by bitcoin transaction
question 7: why can't bitcoin be modified
for example, if a and B trade, a needs to pay B 100 bitcoins. But if a wants to default, he just wants to pay B a bitcoin. According to the rules of bitcoin, he has to obtain the bookkeeping right of the next 10 minute micro v-bq Er Wu Ba y before he can modify it; Similarly, he has to get another 10 minutes of bookkeeping rights, and so on. So modification is almost impossible
question 8: bitcoin transaction rate
theoretically, the bitcoin transaction rate is 7 transactions per second. In fact, bitcoin currently trades at only one transaction per second
question 9: why does bitcoin have such a strong vitality
if bitcoin is compared to a company, then it has no board of shareholders, board of directors, management, strict leadership, HR, Department Manager, staff, operating site and income. However, bitcoin has been running successfully for nine years without any problems, and its market value is hundreds of billions. The operation of the network relies on a set of mathematical algorithms, incentive mechanism and community for management and governance
question 10: what are the problems facing bitcoin
first, the transaction confirmation time is long. When bitcoin wallet is first installed with micro v-bq-y, it will consume a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. While bitcoin transaction, in order to confirm the accuracy of data, it will take some time to interact with P2P network, and the transaction will be completed only after the whole network is confirmed
Second, the public does not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resist. People who understand the principle know that bitcoin is not manipulated and controlled by a legal person. But the public doesn't understand, and many people can't even tell the difference between bitcoin and q-coin“ "No issuer" is the advantage of bitcoin, but in the view of traditional financial practitioners, "no issuer" currency is worthless.
question 1: how was bitcoin born
on November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a statement on micro v-bq Er Wu Ba y on a secret cryptography review group (cryptopunk), stating his new idea of e-money bitcoin
question 2: how to proce bitcoin
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to solve a complex mathematical problem with a computer to ensure the micro v-bq consistency of the bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains all the transaction information in the past 10 minutes. Whoever can work out the figures will get the right to keep accounts. After obtaining the accounting right, it will broadcast and store to the whole network. It's uncertain who gets the bookkeeping right. Of course, the stronger your computing ability is, the higher the probability of getting the bookkeeping right is. Then the bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward to reward those who have the right to keep accounts
question 3: what are the characteristics of bitcoin
it is impossible to control the number of issues without a fully decentralized issuing institution. Bitcoin does not need a third-party organization, and it is a peer-to-peer transaction with mutual trust. The establishment of trust is no longer based on large institutions, but on cryptography and code. Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin. The private key is needed to control bitcoin. It can be stored in any storage medium in isolation, and no one can get it except the user himself. As a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome limit of quota and proceres. You can pay when you know the address of the other party's bitcoin
question 4: can bitcoin be imitated
it is difficult for the cat to survive. Because bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, recompile, and create a new P2P currency. However, these counterfeit currencies are vulnerable to 51% attacks. Any indivial or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a P2P currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency value at will, which will be a devastating blow to P2P currency. Many Shanzhai coins die in this link. The bitcoin network is robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the bitcoin network, the number of CPUs / GPUs required will be astronomical
question 5: why is the total amount of bitcoin 21 million
when bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5. And so on. According to its design principle, the total amount of bitcoin will continue to grow until it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. However, the growth rate of bitcoin micro v-bq in the later period will be very slow. In short, bitcoin proction is halved every four years, and currently 12.5 bitcoins are proced every 10 minutes. In fact, 87.5% of bitcoin will be "g up" in the first 12 years. Moreover, 21 million is only theoretical data. In reality, e to the neglect of bitcoin in the early stage, many bitcoins were lost
question 6: what are the benefits of bitcoin miners
first of all, bitcoin will be rewarded directly after obtaining the bookkeeping right through calculation. But according to bitcoin's rules, as time goes on, the rewards will be less and less. In the future, the income will mainly come from the service charge generated by bitcoin transaction
question 7: why can't bitcoin be modified
for example, if a and B trade, a needs to pay B 100 bitcoins. But if a wants to default, he just wants to pay B a bitcoin. According to the rules of bitcoin, he has to obtain the bookkeeping right of the next 10 minute micro v-bq Er Wu Ba y before he can modify it; Similarly, he has to get another 10 minutes of bookkeeping rights, and so on. So modification is almost impossible
question 8: bitcoin transaction rate
theoretically, the bitcoin transaction rate is 7 transactions per second. In fact, bitcoin currently trades at only one transaction per second
question 9: why does bitcoin have such a strong vitality
if bitcoin is compared to a company, then it has no board of shareholders, board of directors, management, strict leadership, HR, Department Manager, staff, operating site and income. However, bitcoin has been running successfully for nine years without any problems, and its market value is hundreds of billions. The operation of the network relies on a set of mathematical algorithms, incentive mechanism and community for management and governance
question 10: what are the problems facing bitcoin
first, the transaction confirmation time is long. When bitcoin wallet is first installed with micro v-bq-y, it will consume a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. While bitcoin transaction, in order to confirm the accuracy of data, it will take some time to interact with P2P network, and the transaction will be completed only after the whole network is confirmed
Second, the public does not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resist. People who understand the principle know that bitcoin is not manipulated and controlled by a legal person. But the public doesn't understand, and many people can't even tell the difference between bitcoin and q-coin“ "No issuer" is the advantage of bitcoin, but in the view of traditional financial practitioners, "no issuer" currency is worthless.
8. That 21 million yuan was put on the Internet by Nakamoto himself, right? no Bitcoin's original development company decided to invest a certain proportion in each block according to the mining situation. Why do inventors go mining? This is to make bitcoin mining more fair and equitable. And transparent. It is also the main intention of the designer to make the invention of bitcoin promote the development of blockchain technology and other Internet finance.
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