2017 bitcoin 2018
When bitcoin first appeared in 2009, its price was less than 1 cent. One dollar could be converted into 1300 bitcoins, that is to say, seven yuan could be converted into 1300 bitcoins
on May 5, 2017, bitfinex, an overseas digital currency trading platform, quoted a price. Bitcoin once hit US $1700, about RMB 11737
extended information:
in China, some Taobao stores have also begun to accept the use of bitcoin, and businesses will graally increase
in October 2013, the first bitcoin quarterly, one bit, was released
on October 15, 2013, the network accelerator service of the network announced its support for bitcoin
on October 26, 2013, btcmini reported that GBL was hacked
on October 31, 2013, Lei Teng, a famous Internet lawyer, proposed the event of "filing a case to investigate the closure of GBL bitcoin trading platform as soon as possible", analyzed the "value function" and "use function" of bitcoin, and bitcoin should be governed by relevant laws
on December 5, 2013, notice of the Ministry of instry and information technology of the people's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing bitcoin risk: bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity; Bitcoin trading is a kind of commodity trading on the Internet. Ordinary people have the freedom to participate in it at their own risk
on September 4, 2017, the announcement of the people's Bank of China Central Network Information Office, Ministry of instry and information technology, State Administration for Instry and commerce, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing the risk of token issuance financing: it is prohibited to engage in token issuance financing activities (ICO)
the trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal tender and token, or virtual currency, or buy or sell token or virtual currency as a central counter party, or provide pricing, information intermediary and other services for token or virtual currency
on November 2, 2018, the people's Bank of China released the 12th topic of China financial stability report 2018, which talked about "encrypted assets"
When the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, someone published a paper under the pseudonym of "Nakamoto Tsung", describing the mode of bitcoin
many bitcoin players are attracted by the fact that bitcoin can not be issued at will. Contrary to the attitude of bitcoin players, economists have a polarized attitude towards the fixed amount of 21 million bitcoin
Economists of Keynesian school believe that the government should actively regulate the total amount of money, and use the tightness of monetary policy to timely fuel or brake the economy. As a result, they believe that bitcoin's fixed aggregate currency sacrifices its adjustability, and worse still, it will inevitably lead to deflation, thereby harming the overall economy. Austrian economists hold the opposite view. They think that the less the government intervenes in money, the better. The deflation caused by the fixed amount of money is not a big deal, even a sign of social progressbitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward to reward the person who gets the answer
when bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5
first of all, according to its design principle, the total amount of bitcoin will continue to grow until it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. But the total amount of bitcoin will grow very slowly in the later period. In fact, 87.5% of bitcoin will be "g up" in the first 12 years. Therefore, in terms of the total amount of money, bitcoin will not reach a fixed amount, and its total amount of money will continue to expand, although the speed is getting slower and slower. So it looks like bitcoin is the inflation currency
However, the judgment of deflation or inflation is not based on whether the total amount of money is decreasing or increasing, but on whether the overall price level is falling or rising. The rise of overall price is inflation, and vice versa. In the long run, the issuing mechanism of bitcoin determines that the growth rate of its total amount of money will be far lower than that of social wealth Economists of Keynesian school believe that the continuous decline of prices will make people tend to postpone consumption, because the same dollar can buy more things tomorrow. The rection of consumption will further lead to shrinking demand, unsalable goods, lower prices and a vicious circle of "deflation spiral". Similarly, the deflationary currency itself can appreciate even if it is not deposited in the bank (the purchasing power becomes stronger and stronger), people's willingness to invest will increase, and social proction will fall into a downturn[ 5] Therefore, bitcoin is a currency with deflationary tendency. In bitcoin economies, commodity prices priced with bitcoin will continue to fallbitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency with limited quantity, but it can be used to cash out: it can be converted into the currency of most countries. You can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
In the early morning of January 2, Beijing time, foreign media reported that at the beginning of the new year, the life of bitcoin has been difficult
this is the first time since 2015 that the cryptocurrency has opened a new year in the form of a sharp fall, further aggravating its decline since it hit a record high of $19511 on December 18
The surging trend of
has given birth to a variety of other cryptocurrencies, and also made bitcoin enter the wall street in the form of futures contracts. On December 18, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange launched for the first time a derivatives agreement that some traders thought would encourage short positions, and bitcoin peaked a few hours later
virtual is always virtual
it is this scarcity that makes the price of bitcoin soar all the way in the near future. However, there are different voices about the future development trend of bitcoin and whether it is worth investing
[bitcoin investment is the most risky investment you can make at present]
bitcoin.com is one of the largest bitcoin websites in the world. Due to the soaring price of bitcoin, the website has achieved great development this year. But Emil Oldenburg, its co-founder and chief technology officer, is skeptical about the future of bitcoin
in an interview with breakit, a Swedish technology website, he said: "I would like to say that bitcoin investment is the most risky investment you can make at present. There are extremely high risks in it." "In fact, I recently sold all of my bitcoin in exchange for bitcoin cash," he said Bitcoin cash, a derivative separated from bitcoin in August this year, has recently overtaken Ethernet as the world's second largest cryptocurrency“ When people figure out how bitcoin works, they start selling bitcoin. " Oldenburg once again stressed doubts about the future of the bitcoin“ He doesn't believe that bitcoin will become the kind of everyday currency that the world has always wanted
[if people invest in bitcoin, they are ready to "lose all their money"]
on December 19, according to foreign media reports, the head of a major British financial regulatory agency warned that if people invest in bitcoin, they are ready to "lose all their money". It also shows the opposition of the British financial regulator to the bitcoin. Andrew Bailey, director of the financial market conct authority, told the BBC that neither the central bank nor the government supports "money", so it is not a safe investment
buying bitcoin is similar to gambling and has the same level of risk, he said. "It's not a currency, it's not actually managed in the form of bitcoin," Bailey told Newsnight“ In terms of pricing, it's a very volatile commodity. If you look at what happened this year, I would remind people that we know very little about the price of the bitcoin. This is a strange commodity because the stock is fixed. If you want to invest in bitcoin, you should be prepared to lose money, which will be my serious warning. "
[next year we will see central banks start to hold digital currencies for the first time]
Peter Smith, founder and CEO of blockchain, a cryptocurrency wallet, said that it is expected that central banks around the world will start to hold digital currencies as reserve assets next year, and some central banks may start to issue their own "digital assets"
in an interview with CNBC, Smith said: "I think next year we will see, for the first time, central banks starting to hold digital currencies as part of their balance sheets." Mr Smith said central banks would be likely to buy bitcoin and Ethernet as reserve assets. Central banks now hold gold and foreign exchange reserves to allow them to act in the event of any market shock. The appreciation of bitcoin as an asset may mean that some monetary authorities will have to start holding the digital currency. "Bitcoin is already one of the top 30 currencies in supply, and as prices rise, this trend and the pressure to hold digital currencies as reserve assets will only rise," Smith said This view shows its optimistic attitude towards bitcoin and other digital currencies
as for whether bitcoin is worth investing, we can only say that every investor has his own vision and judgment.
If you go back to seven years ago and choose a new investment opportunity, you will choose to invest in stocks, and then wait for the 15 year bull market to multiply your assets; They may also invest in real estate, and then wait for the real estate outbreak in 16 years to double their assets. However, if we chose to invest 10000 yuan in bitcoin seven years ago, we could sit on 66.2 billion yuan in 17 years, a rise of more than 6 million times
as we all know, the currency market in 2018 was a tragic year. At the beginning of 2018, the price of bitcoin was at the highest level in history, and the concept of blockchain began to heat up. A lot of people who originally belonged to the outside circle swarmed in to participate in entrepreneurship, employment and money buying. The prospect of the currency market seemed to be very good. Later, as we all know, as the price of currency fell again and again, the newly established blockchain media fell down one by one, and those new people who followed suit to buy currency were trapped in a high position to discuss; Bitcoin& ldquo; Blockchain & quot; There's less and less sound in the room. The coin ring gives these new comers a sense of cruelty
More than 90% of the people are trapped here, and faith is a very strange thing; Like the queen in the last kingdom of American TV series, the Danes gather to attack, she still says & mdash& mdash; God will punish the infidels and calm downlast year, all digital currencies and ICO platforms were shut down in China, and all countries in the world have put restrictions on them. At this time, few ordinary holders are willing to sell, and they basically hold them. This requires great determination, life problems, currency speculation problems, all kinds of problems may cause no longer hold; These problems cause a lot of trouble, so many people do not live well. After half a year, the instry that countries all over the world have entered is & lt; Blockchain & quot; And digital currency! In the game of blockchain, many countries have made some moves, and the holders are also on the sidelines
1. Take close-up pictures of small still objects, such as flowers, birds and insects:
use AV file, the aperture should be f5.6 or below, the focal length should be more than 50, and try to shoot within 1m to make the background virtual
if the light is good, ISO 100, if the light is bad, ISO should be within 400<
2. Shooting people:
basically use a large aperture (within f5.6) and a focal length of more than 50 mm. The shooting distance depends on the whole body, half body and big head, which makes the background virtual. Use AV file
good light, iso100, bad light, iso400
people in motion use tracking to reflect the sense of motion (see the shooting of moving objects below for details)<
3. Shooting:
AV file, use the appropriate aperture, above F8, the focal length is arbitrary, but generally the wide-angle end has distortion, use it as appropriate<
4. Shooting night scene:
upper tripod, AV gear, custom white balance or incandescent lamp, aperture above F8, small aperture can make the light proce starlight effect, use the reflector pre rising function to rece the vibration caused by the reflector lifting after pressing the shutter; And cover the viewfinder with the square cover on the strap to prevent stray light from entering from the back and affecting the image quality; ISO 200, as far as possible to make the exposure time longer, so that some people who have no intention to walk away from the screen disappear, leaving no traces, clean the scene
for example, when taking a square with people coming and going, you can use a very small aperture of about F20 and iso100. In this way, the exposure time will be very long, and the moving figures will not stay in the photos! The square will be clean<
5. Shooting fireworks:
using shutter line and B shutter, you can shoot multiple fireworks overlapping effect<
6. Shooting things:
when the light is good: AV, the aperture size should be handled according to the circumstances; Large depth of field can be obtained by using aperture above F8, and shallow depth of field can be obtained by using small aperture
if you want to have a very dynamic effect, you can use the TV gear, the shutter is about 1 / 30, when you focus and press the shutter, the lens will follow the object at an appropriate speed, which will proce a very dynamic effect
poor lighting: we can only handle it according to our own discretion, plus use the follow-up camera<
7. Shooting running water or fountain:
using TV and about 1 / 50 shutter speed, you can shoot Satin effect. If you use too fast shutter speed, the fountain will shoot discontinuous water drops<
8. Taking photos at night:
use tripod to adjust white balance, and automatically or custom white balance; iso100-400 AV gear, aperture about F8, use slow synchronous flash, rear curtain flash mode; At this time, the flash will flash twice, press the shutter to flash once, and flash again before the end of exposure, so don't leave before flashing twice
in this way, the characters can be clear and the background neon is beautiful, so that the background will not be too dark e to insufficient exposure< No matter what you shoot, don't shoot with the maximum aperture unless you want to keep a safe shutter
2. Please use the aperture of F8 ~ F11 as much as possible when shooting scenery
3. The maximum aperture can be reced by 1-2 levels when taking close-up of people and still life
4. The safety shutter should be controlled above the reciprocal of the focal length as far as possible. The wide-angle shutter should also be more secure at more than 1 / 30 second. If the shutter is insufficient, please increase the aperture or ISO<
metering method:
1. Don't measure the light to the sky or the darkest place. Go to the middle value
2. According to your subject matter, make good use of the metering mode (balance metering, point metering, central key metering...)
3. If the light measurement is not accurate, please use AE lock to expose and lock the gray things around you before shooting
4. Try not to measure the light on white or black objects, otherwise remember to rece eV for black and increase eV for white<
EV is exposure compensation.
exposure compensation is also an exposure control method, which is commonly used in ± If the ambient light source is dim, the exposure value (such as + 1eV, + 2eV) can be increased to highlight the clarity of the picture
most of the small digital cameras adjust the exposure compensation through the menu
in the process of shooting, if you press half of the shutter, the LCD will display pictures similar to the final effect picture, focusing and exposure will start. The exposure at this time is exactly the exposure of the final picture. If the picture is obviously bright or dark, it means that the automatic metering accuracy of the camera has a large deviation, and the exposure compensation should be enforced, but sometimes the brightness displayed ring shooting is different from the actual shooting result. Digital camera can browse the picture immediately after shooting, at this time, you can more accurately see the brightness of the picture, there will be no difference. If the shooting result is obviously bright or dark, it is necessary to re shoot and force the exposure compensation
the shooting environment is dim, and the brightness needs to be increased. When the flash cannot work, the exposure can be compensated and the exposure can be increased appropriately. For exposure compensation, if the photo is too dark, increase the EV value. Every 1.0 increase in EV value is equivalent to doubling the amount of light intake. If the photo is too bright, decrease the EV value. Every 1.0 decrease in EV value is equivalent to doubling the amount of light intake. The compensation interval can be adjusted in 1 / 2 (0.5) or 1 / 3 (0.3) units according to different cameras
when the white object to be photographed looks gray or not white enough in the photo, it is necessary to increase the exposure. In short, "the whiter the object is, the more white the object is." this seems to run counter to the basic principles and habits of exposure. In fact, it is not. This is because the main body of the camera is often the center of the light measurement, and the White main body will make the camera mistakenly think that the environment is very bright, As a result, the exposure is insufficient, which is also a common problem for most beginners
because the shutter time or aperture size of the camera is limited, it is not always able to reach the 2eV adjustment range, so the exposure compensation is not omnipotent, and it may still be underexposed in too dark environment. At this time, it is necessary to consider cooperating with the flash or increasing the ISO sensitivity of the camera to improve the brightness of the picture
generally speaking, the smaller the brightness contrast of the scene, the more accurate the exposure, otherwise, the larger the deviation. The grade of the camera is high and low. If the grade is high, the metering is more accurate, and if the grade is low, the deviation will be increased. If it is a traditional camera, the tolerance of film is relatively large, and the exposure deviation will not have a big problem within a certain range, but the CCD tolerance of digital camera is relatively small, and slight exposure deviation may affect the overall effect
in a word, the adjustment of exposure compensation is determined by experience and sensitivity to color. Users must compare the image quality, clarity, restoration degree and noise size under different exposure compensation to get the best picture
note:
the aperture in Canon's manual refers to the F value. The larger the aperture, the greater the depth of field
generally speaking, aperture refers to aperture, which is inversely proportional to F. the larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field
AV -- aperture priority auto exposure
TV -- shutter priority auto exposure
AE auto exposure
AF auto focus
AF-S -- single auto focus, the same as saf. The opposite is continuous autofocus
MAF - monitor AF, which can shorten the focusing time. The camera will adjust the focus before half pressing the shutter button, so that you can compose with the adjusted focus. When the shutter button is half pressed and AF locking is completed, the focus will be locked
ev - exposure value, which is usually used in exposure compensation
ISO sensitivity. Each difference of sensitivity is equivalent to the corresponding exposure value of aperture or shutter
brother, if you have time, go to ZhongGuanCun video forum and see the forum.
Last year's opportunity to get rich was not to buy a house, nor to speculate in stocks, but to speculate in currency
according to the data of coinmarketcap, bitcoin surged by 1400% in 2017, reaching nearly $20000. On September 30, 2017, China closed down bitcoin trading platforms such as jucoin.com, and many small investors who had heard of entering the currency market had left the market when they lost a lot. In addition, some Zhongfen, who are profitable in currency speculation and optimistic for a long time, are looking for other ways to continue to fight in the bitcoin market. The result is obviously very obvious, overnight wealth has become a common scene of speculation
However, the greater the return, the greater the risk. On March 31, 2018, the lowest price of bitcoin fell to US $6863.52, compared with us $14112.20 on January 1, 2018, a decrease of more than 51%. These two days, there was a massive rebound, as of today, around 7700-8000 US dollars. According to professional analysis, there will be a downward trend after the reboundspeculation in currency is risky and investment should be cautious
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