The representative of the origin of bitcoin is Hayek Keynes
Publish: 2021-04-27 19:57:10
1. This is where the myth of bitcoin really takes over. According to legend, Satoshi Nakamoto, an unknown person, released an agreement on the digital point-to-point system of decentralized digital currency on October 31, 2008. I urge you to read this short and wonderful paper. While the idea behind bitcoin is revolutionary, it can now begin to make more sense in the context of all other systems, not all of them. Bitcoin proposed blockchain as a synchronous network to solve the probability consensus. According to BFT, from having less than 50% of the total network hash rate of Byzantine rivals Security is achieved in different ways than other historical protocols. Blockchain is designed to support availability rather than consistency, and can support thousands of distributed nodes. The cost of decentralization is much lower throughput in terms of transactions per second (TPS).
2. In the 1980s, a group of talented programmers explored this problem in the password mail group. In 1982, David Chaum proposed an untraceable cryptography network payment system. Eight years later, he extended this idea to cryptology anonymous cash system, namely ecash.
2 in 1998, Wei Dai's paper elaborated an anonymous and distributed e-cash system: B-money. At the same time, Nick Szabo invented bitgold and put forward the workload proof mechanism. Users solve mathematical problems competitively, and then publish the results in series with encryption algorithm to build a property rights authentication system. Hal Finney improved the mechanism as a "reusable workload proof"
3 on the basis of previous work, in 2008, the little-known "Nakamoto Tsung" published "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer cash payment system" in the cryptography mailing list of metzdowd.com. On January 3, 2009, bitcoin network was born, and Nakamoto himself released the first version of open source bitcoin client
since then, the monetary history of mankind has opened a new page.
2 in 1998, Wei Dai's paper elaborated an anonymous and distributed e-cash system: B-money. At the same time, Nick Szabo invented bitgold and put forward the workload proof mechanism. Users solve mathematical problems competitively, and then publish the results in series with encryption algorithm to build a property rights authentication system. Hal Finney improved the mechanism as a "reusable workload proof"
3 on the basis of previous work, in 2008, the little-known "Nakamoto Tsung" published "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer cash payment system" in the cryptography mailing list of metzdowd.com. On January 3, 2009, bitcoin network was born, and Nakamoto himself released the first version of open source bitcoin client
since then, the monetary history of mankind has opened a new page.
3.
Hayek likes to argue. He has provoked big debates in the world several times, and his aggressive spirit has been known for a long time. He belongs to the conservative economic school, and his laissez faire ideas are in sharp opposition to Keynes' theory of state intervention. In 1931, Hayek just stepped into the door of London University, that is, there was a fierce conflict with Keynes. At the invitation of Robbins Lionel, an economist at the University of London, he published an article on Keynesian Monetary Theory in the Journal of economics. Keynes did not give in and immediately asked people to comment on his book price and proction. Then, he and Keynes directly launched a war of words, other economists have also been involved. From 1932 to 1937, Hayek published another 10 articles on monetary theory, the relationship between storage and investment, and instrial fluctuation, which comprehensively and systematically refuted Keynes's theory. Keynes began to fight back and published the general theory of employment, interest and money in 1936. At this time, most economists turned to Keynes. They think that Keynes's theory of expanding economy is more suitable for the period of deflation and large-scale unemployment than Hayek's theory of monetary control. In this way, the "play" which lasted for five or six years between him and Keynes came to an end temporarily, and he was defeated by Keynes
4. Samuelson is still broad and has a solid foundation< Samuelson, a representative of neoclassical comprehensive school, became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in economics in 1970. The research covers economics, statistics and mathematics, and has unique views on political economics, sector economics and technical economics. At present, the analytical framework and methods used in various textbooks of economics mostly adopt the theoretical framework of "neo classical comprehensive school", which is developed from his 1947 "microeconomic analysis" and combines Keynesian and traditional microeconomics. He has been keen to apply mathematical tools to the analysis of static equilibrium and dynamic process, and to study economy in the way of physics and mathematical reasoning. At present, the Mathematicalization of economic theory is popular, which is the initiator of Weng Shi
according to economics, it can be divided into low entry level, intermediate level and advanced level. Advanced refers to the use of mathematical tools and the argument of expounding views. More importantly, it is not superior to this knowledge. For example, higher mathematics is not necessarily higher than elementary mathematics. The more advanced it is, the more divergent it is. The more rigorous it is, the less practical it is. Elementary textbooks are generally for beginners, so most of them cite cases and phenomena to explain with words, and occasionally insert two-dimensional patterns. Advanced textbooks pay attention to mathematical logic, while two-dimensional patterns and words are difficult to express and solve the problems explained, so they often use mathematical proof or algebraic equation mixed with modern mathematical tools. The definition of intermediate textbooks is very vague. The difficulty and span of teaching materials vary greatly. The above is for reference.
according to economics, it can be divided into low entry level, intermediate level and advanced level. Advanced refers to the use of mathematical tools and the argument of expounding views. More importantly, it is not superior to this knowledge. For example, higher mathematics is not necessarily higher than elementary mathematics. The more advanced it is, the more divergent it is. The more rigorous it is, the less practical it is. Elementary textbooks are generally for beginners, so most of them cite cases and phenomena to explain with words, and occasionally insert two-dimensional patterns. Advanced textbooks pay attention to mathematical logic, while two-dimensional patterns and words are difficult to express and solve the problems explained, so they often use mathematical proof or algebraic equation mixed with modern mathematical tools. The definition of intermediate textbooks is very vague. The difficulty and span of teaching materials vary greatly. The above is for reference.
5. Friedrich August von Hayek, CH (also translated as Hayek, German: Friedrich August von Hayek, May 8, 1899 - March 23, 1992) is a famous British economist and political philosopher born in Austria. It is famous for its adherence to free market capitalism, opposition to socialism, Keynesianism and collectivism
Hayek is a major political thinker in the 20th century. His theory of the role of price signal in helping indivials coordinate economic activities is regarded as a major breakthrough in economics. Hayek is widely regarded as one of the most important members of Austrian economic school. He has also made great contributions to the fields of law, systematic thinking, history of thought and cognitive science< In 1974, Hayek won the Nobel Prize in economics with his theoretical opponent, gonnar murdar, to "praise their pioneering research on monetary policy and business cycle, as well as their keen analysis of the interaction among economy, society and system." In 1991, US President George Herbert Walker Bush awarded Hayek the US Presidential Medal of freedom in recognition of his "lifelong vision".
Hayek is a major political thinker in the 20th century. His theory of the role of price signal in helping indivials coordinate economic activities is regarded as a major breakthrough in economics. Hayek is widely regarded as one of the most important members of Austrian economic school. He has also made great contributions to the fields of law, systematic thinking, history of thought and cognitive science< In 1974, Hayek won the Nobel Prize in economics with his theoretical opponent, gonnar murdar, to "praise their pioneering research on monetary policy and business cycle, as well as their keen analysis of the interaction among economy, society and system." In 1991, US President George Herbert Walker Bush awarded Hayek the US Presidential Medal of freedom in recognition of his "lifelong vision".
6. None of them. They have made great achievements in the field of economics, but they are all limited by the historical conditions at that time, so it is impossible to solve the global economic conflict theory after the change of macro fundamentals, and the hypothetical conditions are also completely overturned. For example, trump, the leader of the largest economy, can come out quickly instead of paying attention to business reputation, and use tariff punishment at will, This is far beyond the macroeconomic analysis and decision-making conditions assumed by Hayek and Keynes. Therefore, they are not the ultimate economists. In other words, there may never be the ultimate economist.
7. Stewart, Marshall, Ricardo, Karl Marx, Malthus, David Hume, etc
8. Keynes's view is that national debt is not debt
9. The managers like Hayek, and the upper class likes Keynes. Hayek's effect is slow, Keynes's is immediate. Hayek's constant revision made Keynes hard to return.
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