What are the blockchain technologies
blockchain classification:
1 private chain
refers to the blockchain with certain centralized control. Only the general ledger technology of blockchain is used for bookkeeping. It can be a company or an indivial who enjoys the exclusive write permission of the blockchain. This blockchain is not very different from other distributed storage schemes. The participating nodes are only users themselves, and the access and use of data have strict authority management. Due to the existence of centralized control, alliance chain can also be considered as a private chain
features: because the user has the final say, the data inside can not be changed, and there is not much protection for the third party. Generally used for internal audit. The vice president of fire coin technology believes: there are indeed a large number of scenarios in the private chain that can meet the needs of the real world. Limited decentralization makes it easier to reach a consensus, which can make the transaction faster and more efficient, and can provide more controlled functions. Decentralization is the core value of blockchain technology. If the private chain can not make full use of the decentralized trust base constructed by the public chain in practice, its development space will be limited
2public chain
public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used one at present. It refers to a completely decentralized blockchain like bitcoin blockchain, which is not controlled by any organization. Any indivial or group in the world can send a transaction, and the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in the consensus process. Participants in the consensus process maintain database security through cryptography and built-in economic incentives
features: completely open, uncontrolled, rely on encryption technology to ensure security
3 alliance chain
multiple preselected nodes are designated as bookkeepers within a certain group. The generation of each block is jointly determined by all preselected nodes. Other access nodes can participate in the transaction, but not the bookkeeping process (in essence, it's still managed bookkeeping, but it's just distributed bookkeeping. How many preselected nodes are there, How to decide the bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain). Anyone else can make limited query through the open API of the blockchain
the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and the nodes are likely to have good network connections. Other consensus algorithms without workload proof can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among 100 financial institutions, and more than 67 institutions must agree to reach a consensus
Prospect:
the development of blockchain technology has also brought changes in the operation concepts of various instries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted the new development of various instries. This driving force has a huge impact on society and the promotion of economic activities. Many new instrial phenomena will occur one after another, and the public will wait and see, It is expected that this new technology will be used by all instries and benefit all instries better
A: the main application fields of blockchain technology are finance, Internet of things and logistics, public service, digital right, insurance and public welfare
First, in the field of finance,
blockchain has great potential application value in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields
Second, the Internet of things and logisticsblockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics. Through blockchain, we can rece logistics costs, trace the proction and delivery process of goods, and improve the efficiency of supply chain management
Third, in the field of public service, blockchain is closely related to people's proction and life in the fields of public management, energy and transportation. However, the centralization of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed by blockchain Fourthly, in the field of digital right, through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated to prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership In the field of insurance, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claim settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs Sixth, the data stored on the public welfare fieldblockchain is highly reliable and tamperable, which is naturally suitable for social public welfare scenarios. The relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation project, collection details, fund flow, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain, and can be made transparent and public, which is convenient for social supervision
(1) distributed ledger, that is, transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records complete accounts, so they can participate in monitoring the legitimacy of transactions, At the same time, they can testify together
different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of distributed storage of blockchain is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that each node of blockchain stores complete data according to block chain structure, while traditional distributed storage generally stores data in multiple copies according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has the same status, which relies on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data from the central node to other backup nodes[ 8]
no single node can record the account data separately, so as to avoid the possibility that a single bookkeeper is controlled or bribed to record false accounts. In theory, unless all the nodes are destroyed, the accounts will not be lost, so as to ensure the security of the account data
(2) asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted, which can only be accessed under the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring the data security and personal privacy
(3) consensus mechanism is how to reach a consensus among all accounting nodes to determine the validity of a record, which is not only a means of identification, but also a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and achieve a balance between efficiency and security
the consensus mechanism of blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority is subordinate to the majority" and "everyone is equal", in which "the minority is subordinate to the majority" does not completely refer to the number of nodes, but also can be the computing power, the number of shares or other characteristics that can be compared by computers“ "Everyone is equal" means that when the nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to put forward the consensus results first, and then directly recognized by other nodes, and finally may become the final consensus results. Taking bitcoin as an example, the workload proof is adopted. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the whole network are controlled can a nonexistent record be forged. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
(4) smart contract, which is based on these trusted and tamperable data, can automatically execute some pre-defined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and reliable, it is easy to carry out automatic claim settlement in some standardized insurance procts
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.
I. financial field
blockchain has great potential application value in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields< Second, the Internet of things and logistics
blockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics. Through blockchain, we can rece logistics costs, trace the proction and delivery process of goods, and improve the efficiency of supply chain management. This field is considered as a promising application direction of blockchain
Third, public service
blockchain is closely related to people's proction and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the centralization of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed by blockchain
IV. in the field of digital right
through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated to prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership< 5. In the field of insurance
in terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claims settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs< 6. In the field of public welfare, the data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and tamperable, which is naturally suitable for social public welfare scenarios.