Blockchain shuffle

1. 99% of them are deceiving. It's deceiving to say how much it will appreciate. It's just a technology, its application is valuable.

2. Yes, in fact, most of the rise or fall of digital assets depends on the news. It depends on the technology to judge the rise or fall. It can only be judged when the news is basically calm. In the case of frequent news, you can't judge accurately. The news will cause interference to you

3. There are six hierarchical structures in the blockchain, which are from bottom to top: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer
1. Data layer
the data layer is the lowest layer in the six hierarchies of the blockchain. We can understand the data layer as a database, but for the blockchain, this database is a tamperable and distributed database, which is what we call "distributed ledger"
in the data layer, that is, the "distributed ledger", the data information on the blockchain is stored, and the blockchain structure, asymmetric encryption technology, hash algorithm and other technical means of the block are encapsulated to ensure the security of the data in the case of the whole network being open. The specific method is:
in the blockchain network, nodes use consensus algorithm to maintain the consistency of data layer (that is, the distributed database), and use asymmetric encryption and hash algorithm in cryptography to ensure the non usurpation and traceability of the distributed database
This constitutes the bottom data structure of blockchain technology. However, it is not enough to have a distributed database. We also need to let the data information in the database be shared and exchanged. Next, we will introce the upper layer of the data layer - the network layer
Second, network layer
the network system of blockchain is essentially a P2P (point-to-point) network. Point to point means that there is no need for an intermediate link or centralized server to control the system. All resources and services in the network are distributed in the hands of each node, and the transmission of information is also a direct communication between the two nodes. However, it should be noted that P2P
(peer-to-peer) was not invented by Nakamoto, and the blockchain only integrates this technology
therefore, the network layer of blockchain is actually a particularly powerful point-to-point network system. In this system, each node can not only proce information, but also receive information, just like sending e-mail. You can write your own e-mail, and you can also receive the e-mail sent to you by others
in the blockchain network, nodes need to jointly maintain the blockchain system. Every time a node creates a new block, it needs to notify other nodes in the form of broadcast. After receiving the information, other nodes verify the block, and then create a new block on the basis of the block. In this way, the whole network can jointly maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system
however, what rules should the whole network follow to maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system? This involves the so-called "laws and regulations" (rules), which we will introce next: the consensus layer
Third, consensus layer
in the world of blockchain, consensus simply means that the whole network should maintain and update the general ledger of blockchain system according to a unified and agreed rule, which is similar to the rule of updating data. It is one of the core technologies of blockchain and the governance mechanism of blockchain community to let highly dispersed nodes reach consensus efficiently in the decentralized blockchain network
at present, the mainstream consensus mechanism algorithms include: proof of work of bitcoin (POW), proof of rights and interests of Ethereum (POS), proof of rights and interests of EOS (dpos), etc
we now introce the data layer, network layer and consensus layer. These three layers ensure that there are data, networks and rules for updating data on the network. However, there is no free lunch in the world. How can nodes actively participate in the maintenance of the blockchain system? Here is the incentive layer, which we will introce next: incentive layer< 4. Incentive layer
incentive layer is the so-called mining mechanism, which can be understood as incentive mechanism: you can get as much reward as you contribute to the blockchain system. With this incentive mechanism, the whole network nodes can be encouraged to participate in the data recording and maintenance on the blockchain
mining mechanism and consensus mechanism are actually the same truth. Consensus mechanism can be understood as the company's general rules and regulations, while mining mechanism can be understood as the reward rules for what you do well in the general rules and regulations
just like the consensus mechanism POW of bitcoin, it stipulates that more work pays more. Whoever can find the correct hash value first can get a certain amount of bitcoin reward
and Ethereum's POS stipulates that the older the holder is, the more likely he or she will be rewarded
it should be noted that the incentive layer is generally only available for the public chain, because the public chain must rely on the nodes of the whole network to jointly maintain data, so there must be a set of incentive mechanism to encourage the nodes of the whole network to participate in the construction and maintenance of the blockchain system, so as to ensure the security and reliability of the blockchain system
the blockchain is safe and reliable, and it is not intelligent enough, right? The contract layer we will introce next can make the blockchain system more intelligent
v. contract layer
Contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, which is the basis of block chain programming. What we call "smart contract" is at the contract level
if the bitcoin system is not intelligent enough, the "smart contract" proposed by Ethereum can meet many application scenarios. The principle of the contract layer is to embed the code into the blockchain system, in this way to realize the smart contract that can be customized. In this way, on the blockchain system, once the terms of the smart contract are triggered, the system can automatically execute commands< Finally, the application layer. The application layer is very simple. As the name suggests, it is a variety of application scenarios and cases of blockchain. What we now call "blockchain +" is the so-called application layer. At present, the blockchain applications that have been implemented are mainly various blockchain applications built on
eth, EOS and other public chains. There are more applications of gambling and games, and the real practical applications have not yet appeared.

4.

Bitcoin price accelerated to rise at the same time, there has been a more rapid decline in the callback

according to the price of coindesk on bitcoin news and information network, on January 11, the price of bitcoin fell to about US $30305, down 27.78% from the highest price of US $41962 in history. In other words, the price of bitcoin fell from $40000 to $30305 in just over a day. Before that, bitcoin took six days to rise from $30000 to $40000

from the macro-economic environment, Yu Jianing believes that the correction on January 11 can be regarded as a hedging measure taken by overseas mainstream investment institutions. He believes that one of the reasons for bitcoin's rise this year is the continued decline of the dollar index. At present, Biden's government is coming to power, "bad is good", the dollar may rebound, global commodity assets have a significant correction, and the digital asset market will adjust accordingly

in recent days, the US dollar index has risen significantly. As of press release, the US dollar index is about 90.49, down 0.06 from the previous day and up 1.16% from the closing price of 89.42 on January 6

he also pointed out that many bitcoin miners choose to sell at relatively high prices. According to cq.live, the miner's position index (MPI) has reached its highest level this year. The MPI index is higher than 2, which indicates that miners tend to sell bitcoin after mining; If MPI is negative, it indicates that they are optimistic about the short-term trend and choose to hoard bitcoin. At present, the value is about 5.26, indicating that the miners are selling bitcoin on the over-the-counter market or exchange. In addition, bytetree data also shows that in the past week, bitcoin miners g out 6894 bitcoins, but sold 10047 bitcoins, which means that the miners sold nearly 3153 bitcoins in stock

Yu Jianing mentioned that another reason for the decline is the website downtime of the largest compliance exchange in the United States, such as coinbase, after the market fluctuated violently, which delayed the trading of users, and many buying orders could not be traded normally, which also led to the bitcoin price on the website far lower than the market price, further aggravating the market panic

"e to the failure of the coinbase system, we could only sell but not hang up the bill yesterday, and the whole trading world order was destroyed." A coin circle employee also said

regulatory warning bitcoin volatility risk

it is worth noting that the recent ups and downs of bitcoin has also aroused the vigilance of regulatory authorities in various countries

On January 12, the New Zealand financial market authority (FMA) warned new Zealanders to invest in cryptocurrency prudently, according to the New Zealand Herald

"new Zealanders who are considering buying cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin should realize that they are high-risk and highly volatile assets," a spokesman for the New Zealand Financial Markets Authority said. "Cryptocurrencies are not regulated in New Zealand and are often used by fraudsters and hackers."

According to the times on January 9, HSBC has decided to stop providing cryptocurrency trading services to customers in the UK, including prohibiting customers from depositing funds into HSBC from their digital wallets. At the same time, many other UK banks have banned customers from using credit cards to buy digital currencies such as bitcoin

"the virtual currency represented by stable currency is facing more and more complicated compliance risks. As more and more economic activities migrate to the blockchain, the instry is facing great compliance pressure. The circulation of stable currencies such as usdt will grow explosively in 2020, reaching a record high. Behind this, part of the use demand comes from the normal transactions in compliance, but there are also black and gray demands for money laundering, illegal financing and other problems. In the future, the blockchain instry will face more and more compliance challenges. " Yu said

he pointed out that according to the report on anti money laundering of virtual currency released by peckshield in 2020, the value of unregulated outbound virtual currency reached US $17.5 billion in 2020, an increase of 51% compared with that in 2019, and it is still growing rapidly. The number of fraud cases involving virtual currency continued to rise to 151, an increase of 655% over 2019

Yu Jianing said: "since the second half of 2020, fraud, attack, extortion, gambling and other assets, as well as money laundering, run points and other gray assets, have begun to turn into virtual currency money laundering. The number of extortion cases has increased rapidly, and the situation of virtual currency anti money laundering is grim. In 2021, it is necessary for the blockchain and digital assets instry to adopt a more strict and prudent KYC (know your customer) review mechanism, More stringent anti money laundering standards will be implemented. "

5. The popularity of digital currency has something to do with MLM, but digital currency is not MLM. Some MLM projects are just MLM activities under the guise of digital currency. This year's digital money market really has a lot of money, and pyramid schemes have boosted the bubble of the digital money market to a certain extent.
years later, the whole digital money market has undergone a lot of adjustments. With the sudden changes in the instry, the breakout of blockchain projects has accelerated, and the MLM projects continue to make money. It is inevitable that the instry will be washed. However, some reliable projects are still good, such as wikilink and quantum chain.

6. Hello topic host:
the two proction halving trends in BTC's history show that after the proction halved in 2012 and 2016, the currency price of BTC entered a large box range with a slow rise in the early stage and a rapid rise in the back, and rose to their respective bull market peaks in 2013 and 17, After the bottom, BTC entered into the bottom box range and vibrated. After the completion of the washing action, the currency price was again in the upward trend driven by the favorable situation of halving the output in the second year. At present, there are nearly 260 days to go before the halving in May next year. Referring to the historical trend, the BTC rate will probably continue to fluctuate in the box range. After repeated shocks and washes, it will start the expected pull-up market in advance a few months before the halving, and then it will enter the next round of bull market straight-line pull-up box to complete the top action, According to the previous two rounds of bull market, the current round of bull market BTC target is expected to rise to above $50000. Today's quotation of RMB 10360 should be further improved in the second half of the year
I hope the subject will adopt it.

7. No, bitcoin was born at the end of 2008, and blockchain technology was well known 14 or 15 years later. It is the large-scale application of bitcoin that makes people pay attention to the underlying technology of blockchain.

8. Figure excellent shigu play Juyou

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author Fu Yiping

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recently, China Mobile put forward dict strategy, showing its ambition to further expand the government enterprise market. Under this background, it is meaningful to re explore the big data realization of operators. Although the "big data circle" in the past half year seems to be a bit of a scare, it has no impact on the legitimate and compliant enterprises engaged in big data business

next, the author gives ten trend judgments of operators' big data value realization in the next 2-3 years based on his own practice, which only represents personal views. I hope it can give you some enlightenment

1. The service boundary of the instry continues to expand

relying on the huge potential data resources of operators and market channel resources of government and enterprises, after years of market cultivation and expansion, the big data business of operators has graally expanded from the original finance, tourism and other instries to the government, tourism, transportation, ecation, commerce, recruitment, medical and other instries

the promotion of ICT business of operators also breeds many business opportunities of big data business, which in turn promotes the development of ICT business, because big data not only has business value, but also has a certain social brand effect, and the two can form a joint force through integration

with the acceleration of digital transformation of enterprises and the rise of instrial Internet, as the future social infrastructure, big data, together with cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Internet of things and blockchain, will expand in the field of instry, and its application boundary is almost unlimited

Big data has great potential in the instry, which does not mean that operators can get much share. Although the big data business of operators has made some achievements in finance, tourism and other instries, the low fruits of these instries will be picked up

take finance as an example, the businesses such as veriifcation and lost contact touchup that operators cut in 4-5 years ago are still the main force of big data realization of operators, but the financial instry does not give operators more opportunities before, ring and after loans as operators originally expected. The expansion of many realization business models of operators is basically stagnant, at least not fast enough

in a large number of other instries, operators often can only do a little bit of water, but can not gather sand into a tower, for example, the repurchase rate of business is very low

from a qualitative point of view, operators have a relatively shallow understanding of the instry. A large number of instry applications are outside the core proction process of enterprises. Big data seems to be a luxury rather than a necessity, so the stickiness is not enough

take the financial verification business as an example, its added value is not high and it is easy to be replaced. How much has the understanding of the financial instry increased in recent years? These are all areas that need reflection

the author once mentioned in an article related to intelligent transportation: the data of operators is very promising in many fields, but it must be cultivated deeply. We should understand the business of this instry, be familiar with the algorithms of this instry, and constantly polish the procts, so as to approach the core

it can be said that big data of operators will soon enter the deep water area of instry application. In order to comply with this trend, operators need to establish professional organizations to overcome difficulties, which is a great challenge

3. Increasing competition with Internet companies

the Internet should not regard operators as major big data competitors, but operators will form de facto competition with Internet companies when they enter this field. Whether it is new retail, intelligent transportation, etc., entrants will feel the pressure of Internet giants

for example, operators need to provide data services for large supermarkets, but Internet companies have long been ahead of others. New retail is the concept of Internet. When operators are still making a difficult transformation of their own channels, the offline business of Internet companies has been planned, including big data business. When you go to the supermarket to talk, people will talk about XX as soon as they speak

Of course,

is more than that

both the top-down promotion strategies of Internet companies on tog and the dominance of single source of urban brain show the influence of giant Internet companies in these fields

in order to get the opportunity, operators have to use all available resources, give full play to the differential value of their data, and look for the opportunity from point to area. Practice has proved that the value of pipeline data is huge, but the data of giant Internet companies are getting better and better, which is a reality we have to face

4. Transformation from factor driven to factor + capability driven

the current breakthrough of operators in big data realization can only be said to have picked low fruits, but the competitiveness of data procts formed by simple data processing is not enough and is not sustainable

for example, in smart transportation, if the location accuracy and coverage are not enough, even the speed can not be measured, high-quality data procts can not be proced at all

it should be said that operators have never had ready-made, high-precision location data that can reach the user level. In the future, coarse precision original location data may not even be enough to support operators' own business transformation. Operators need to fully tap the potential of existing location data and make more accurate location models through modeling, Only in this way can we have the basic information of big data realization

Although the improvement of location accuracy is a small step, it is a big step to realize big data. When the location is right, the operators' understanding of people's whole offline life is right. No matter the passenger flow, road network, OD and so on, they are no longer talking about it

it's good for operators to take the first step by relying on data resources, but it's not enough to rely on resource driving alone. The ability must come to take over the baton, and the realization prospect of big data for operators who have no ability to increase their holdings is bleak

therefore, the future of big data realization of operators is no longer to lie and earn money, but to transform from the driving of original data to the al driving of data + capability, which includes talent, technology, data, proct, operation and so on. But if you just shout slogans and dare not explore, you may not even have the opportunity to improve your ability

The realization of big data involves a series of contents from bottom to top, such as platform, data, modeling, proct, scheme, channel, consultation, operation, security, etc., so operators can't do it all at once, so they must establish an ecology of cooperation

from the perspective of business, the lack of channel partners and instry solutions is a real challenge for operators. The biggest pain is that they don't know where the business opportunities are and whether the data or procts they want to do have a future. It is impossible for operators to transform the existing customer manager team into a digital proct sales team in an instant. After all, the requirements of knowledge structure are different

although it can be promoted by MVP, on the one hand, the cost of trial and error is there, and the operators do not have the capital to endorse it, on the other hand, the time cost is also a little high. Now many operators have partner recruitment plans, which is a good attempt, but there are still too few partners that meet the requirements

from the perspective of openness, China Mobile's dream net once created brilliance, but the slogan of openness is not just a slogan. You have to establish a set of standards to tell others clearly what you have and how to access it conveniently

for example, when we showed the City laboratory procts at the Internet Conference, we found that there were still so many people who were surprised that the operators could even do this, which means that we still have a long way to go in the open road

when I visited Alibaba cloud website for the first time, I was deeply impressed by its good use experience, and then the regular marketing push at least showed that I was attentive. For example, when I applied for Tencent cloud domain name for the first time, the telephone survey of Tencent cloud customer service was also very timely

therefore, whether we can establish a connection with a wider range of partners, whether we can establish an open platform, and whether we can ensure the security of information largely determine how big the cake of big data realization can be

6. The trend of gaining premium ability through centralization will be strengthened

e to historical reasons, big data of operators is actually stored and operated by provinces, which is completely different from the natural centralized and unified data gene of Internet companies. Although some operators have made a lot of efforts in centralization, there are still some gaps compared with Internet companies

although the localization of some procts in each province brings flexibility, it leads to de facto repeated development. This mode has no problem in the innovation stage, but the biggest problem is whether each province can have enough resources to ensure the continuous optimization of procts, whether from the perspective of data or operation, We all need a certain intensive mechanism to ensure efficient and low-cost operation

But this is only one aspect

on the other hand, compared with the Internet, e to the fragmentation of data, the proct premium ability of operators based on the data of a single province is not high, and they often can only serve a specific region, which will be at a disadvantage in many competitions. For example, at present, operators have a lot of applications based on location data, but why is there little realization of online data

this is not only a simple problem of HTTPS, but also because customers' demands for online data are basically national, without the concept of region, which makes operators lose a lot of opportunities for breakthrough

therefore, it is always a strategy for operators to quickly replicate the whole network after innovation in a province, and innovation based on centralized data is a key to enhance proct competitiveness

With the development of digital economy and the progress of digital instry, there is a strong demand for the transformation and upgrading of traditional instries. Operators and cloud service providers are strengthening the cooperation among cloud, network, end and edge, and launching the "cloud + Network + dict" intelligent solution to help enterprises achieve a deeper digital transformation

the government enterprise 2B market of operators is the focus of attention at present, and cloud + dict (DT + CT + ICT + IDC) is the key, which means that various resources will graally incline to dict in the future. Big data needs to seize this opportunity to promote the standardized development of big data business through the integration of dict, so-called "taking advantage of the opportunity"

in addition, the current three major operators have announced 5g business, and China Mobile has also released the "5g +" plan, including the "5g + aicde" plan, "5g + aicde" is to use 5g as the access mode, and connect with artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IOT), cloud computing (Cloud Computing), big data (big data), "5g + aicde" Edge computing and other emerging information technologies are deeply integrated, preparing to build a 5g centered pan intelligent infrastructure

In the age of

5g, there will be more data types generated by the connection between people and things, and between things and things. 5g more intensive base station deployment means higher positioning accuracy, and 5g more diverse business forms means that the data content in the pipeline will increase explosively