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Blockchain and administrative approval
Publish: 2021-04-30 06:06:36
1. blockchain itself is decentralized, either for indivials or teams. It doesn't have to be a company. If your project needs to be engaged in offline business, you need to register a company. However, if you are engaged in pure blockchain network, there is no need to set up a company. For example, the well-known hummingbird strategy Arbitrage (HMT. One) is carried out between different exchanges.
2. Blockchain technology uses mathematical methods to achieve distributed accounting and solve the trust problem, so as to complete the decentralization, which will bring far-reaching influence in many fields such as communication, finance, Internet of things, government management and so on
blockchain refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database through centralization and distrust in the past, and it is a technical way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. Previous bookkeeping methods were all centralized and needed centralized intermediary, whether it was traditional government, financial institutions, notarization institutions or emerging e-commerce platform and online payment platform
in economic hypothesis, information is sufficient. In fact, it is precisely because of insufficient information that there are very large intermediaries. The existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and raises the transaction threshold. In essence, blockchain technology is a large-scale collaboration tool. It makes direct value transfer possible by using pure technology for the first time, and continues the trend of Internet decentralization and disintermediation. Disintermediated blockchain technology will greatly subvert the information intermediary instry
blockchain technology is the basic technology for building bitcoin data structure and encrypted transmission of transaction information, which realizes the issue and transaction of bitcoin. The core of blockchain technology is that all the current participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, so that the transaction is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the transaction blocks are connected to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain
a block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All nodes compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction.
blockchain refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database through centralization and distrust in the past, and it is a technical way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. Previous bookkeeping methods were all centralized and needed centralized intermediary, whether it was traditional government, financial institutions, notarization institutions or emerging e-commerce platform and online payment platform
in economic hypothesis, information is sufficient. In fact, it is precisely because of insufficient information that there are very large intermediaries. The existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and raises the transaction threshold. In essence, blockchain technology is a large-scale collaboration tool. It makes direct value transfer possible by using pure technology for the first time, and continues the trend of Internet decentralization and disintermediation. Disintermediated blockchain technology will greatly subvert the information intermediary instry
blockchain technology is the basic technology for building bitcoin data structure and encrypted transmission of transaction information, which realizes the issue and transaction of bitcoin. The core of blockchain technology is that all the current participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, so that the transaction is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the transaction blocks are connected to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain
a block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All nodes compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction.
3. At present, there are four main types of consensus mechanisms: pow, POS, dpos, pool
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.
2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence
3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist
4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation
it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
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PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible
it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes
so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.
2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence
3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist
4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation
it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
- - - - - - - -
PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible
it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes
so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.
4. The difference between code chain and blockchain:
blockchain originates from the underlying technology of bitcoin and is the blockchain technology of Internet. IP is connected by blockchain technology to form distributed accounting. It is not easy to tamper with and decentralize
code chain technology is the code chain technology of the Internet of things, which superimposes the Internet of things IDS one by one in a two-dimensional way to form personal records. The application of "code chain" technology will bring more efficient link forms of "people to people", "people to things" and "things to things"
Introction to code chain:
"code chain" refers to a "two-dimensional code chain" formed by using a smart phone to aim at the "two-dimensional code" and "scan", that is, to "generate a new two-dimensional code containing the scanner's DNA" and access to the "service". The whole process can be traced, supervised and managed
"code chain technology" is the most widely used two-dimensional code "scan" payment technology
code chain technology can realize more efficient link form of people to people, people to things and things to things
Introction to blockchain:
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
the difference between code chain digital currency and blockchain digital currency:
the difference between "code chain digital currency" based on code chain technology and the existing blockchain digital currency is that "code chain digital currency" is based on the control of property rights, and uses "intelligent two-dimensional code" as the medium to transform the contracts of various instry chains into divisible, tradable, transferable, exchangeable Traceable "smart contract" and real right exchange within the code chain alliance. In the code chain monetary system, "intelligent two-dimensional code" means "SGR". That is to say, each commodity corresponds to a "smart QR code", and this "QR code" represents the "special reference property" of the commodity. Through special reference to the exchange of property rights, the exchange of goods (barter) can be realized. This two-dimensional code, which represents "special mention of property rights", can be used as the carrier and payment means of digital currency at the same time, and payment can be completed through "two-dimensional code scanning".
blockchain originates from the underlying technology of bitcoin and is the blockchain technology of Internet. IP is connected by blockchain technology to form distributed accounting. It is not easy to tamper with and decentralize
code chain technology is the code chain technology of the Internet of things, which superimposes the Internet of things IDS one by one in a two-dimensional way to form personal records. The application of "code chain" technology will bring more efficient link forms of "people to people", "people to things" and "things to things"
Introction to code chain:
"code chain" refers to a "two-dimensional code chain" formed by using a smart phone to aim at the "two-dimensional code" and "scan", that is, to "generate a new two-dimensional code containing the scanner's DNA" and access to the "service". The whole process can be traced, supervised and managed
"code chain technology" is the most widely used two-dimensional code "scan" payment technology
code chain technology can realize more efficient link form of people to people, people to things and things to things
Introction to blockchain:
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
the difference between code chain digital currency and blockchain digital currency:
the difference between "code chain digital currency" based on code chain technology and the existing blockchain digital currency is that "code chain digital currency" is based on the control of property rights, and uses "intelligent two-dimensional code" as the medium to transform the contracts of various instry chains into divisible, tradable, transferable, exchangeable Traceable "smart contract" and real right exchange within the code chain alliance. In the code chain monetary system, "intelligent two-dimensional code" means "SGR". That is to say, each commodity corresponds to a "smart QR code", and this "QR code" represents the "special reference property" of the commodity. Through special reference to the exchange of property rights, the exchange of goods (barter) can be realized. This two-dimensional code, which represents "special mention of property rights", can be used as the carrier and payment means of digital currency at the same time, and payment can be completed through "two-dimensional code scanning".
5.
blockchain is essentially a distributed ledger database, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography Association, and each data block contains effective confirmation information of multiple bitcoin network transactions
Statistics show that in 2017, China's e-invoice circulation reached 1.31 billion, and it is expected to reach 54.55 billion by 2022, maintaining an average annual growth rate of more than 100%. Recently, when talking about blockchain invoice, people's daily stressed that electronic invoice should be added with "lock", and blockchain's open consensus, decentralization, non tampering, distributed consistency and privacy protection are the "lock" of electronic invoicefinally, I repeat my idea: blockchain gives us freedom, and freedom will bring a lot of innovation. Innovation will eventually bring us wealth. I believe blockchain will have a similar development path. The core task of blockchain is to stabilize the value, establish a trust system with almost zero cost, and release the energy of indivials in pursuit of wealth preservation and appreciation
6.
Bitcoin is a kind of cryptocurrency based on decentralization, using peer-to-peer network and consensus initiative, open source, and blockchain as the underlying technology
on January 3, 2009, Chuangshi block was born. Anyone can participate in bitcoin activities and issue bitcoin through a computer operation called mining. Since the number of bitcoin protocols is up to 21 million, some people think that inflation can be avoided
in 2010, bitcoin proced a price in the transaction, and the initial price was about US $0.0025 per coin. If compared with the current $30000 each, the "value" of bitcoin has increased by more than 12 million times in about 10 years
many people in the "coin circle" believe that the players behind bitcoin are no longer technicians and blockchain enthusiasts, but global financial institutions
when bitcoin and other blockchain digital assets increasingly get the participation of mainstream investment institutions, it will help to rece the concern about the legitimacy of bitcoin
in November 2020, PayPal, an online payment giant with more than 300 million users, announced to provide bitcoin trading services for qualified US customers after purchasing a large number of bitcoin
in December 2020, Singapore DBS Bank launched bitcoin and other digital asset trading services for institutional investors. In the past three years, the bank has been calling bitcoin a Ponzi scheme...
however, the soaring virtual currency represented by bitcoin has not changed the reality that it is not generally recognized by the mainstream financial market, which means that the higher the value of bitcoin, the higher the value of bitcoin, The more risky investors are
After all, behind the virtual currency, there is nothing but artificial scarcity caused by technology7. In China, there is a public service platform for SMIC blockchain. It seems that there are many government project applications on the platform, which can be directly subject to administrative approval.
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