What's good about blockchain

1. General information and community websites, such as Babbitt and golden finance, Q & A websites such as coin watch and coin, and we media such as alpaca blockchain and vernacular blockchain are also very good. You can also search chainview.

2.

If you want to understand the application of blockchain, you can refer to many books and opinions, such as illustrated blockchain, blockchain: reshaping the economy and the world, blueprint and guide of new economy, and articles of coin'an community, including a detailed understanding of the platform of coin'an community, with great strength

As the name suggests, blockchain is composed of block and chain. It is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. It is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in order according to the time sequence, and it is a secure and reliable distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography

in 2008, in his paper bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system published by Nakamoto, he first proposed the idea of blockchain and encrypted digital currency. Starting from bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies

2. Working principle of blockchain:

1. Basic concepts include:
(1) transaction: one operation will change the account status once, such as adding a record
(2) block: records the transaction and status data within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current account status
(3) chain: it is composed of a series of blocks in chronological order, which is the log record of the whole state change
if you understand the working concept of blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data logbook, which can only be added, deleted or changed. Its structure is a linear chain formed by a series of "blocks" (which is also the source of the name of "blockchain"), and new data needs to be added, It must be put into a new block. The maintenance node can propose a new block, but it must go through a certain consensus mechanism to reach an agreement on the final selected block

2. Take bitcoin as an example to see the working principle of blockchain

the block of bitcoin is divided into block head and block body< The core advantages and characteristics of blockchain are as follows:

3.

1. The verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of blockchain data are all based on the distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization, and the rights and obligations of any node are equal, The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system
2. Open and transparent
the system is open, in addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all, and anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
3. Security
blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work
4. Information cannot be tampered with
once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% (almost impossible) nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
5. Anonymity
because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, their data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective by themselves), so the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation

At present, the most popular classification of blockchain is to divide blockchain into public blockchain, private blockchain and consortium blockchain according to different participants

1. Public chain: anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain the effective confirmation of the blockchain. Public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present, such as bitcoin blockchain. The information is completely public

if the licensing mechanism is introced, it includes private chain and alliance chain
2. Private chain: a company or indivial only uses the blockchain technology and enjoys the write permission of the blockchain, and the information is not disclosed. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchain, and the application procts of private blockchain are still groping
3. Alliance chain: it is a blockchain controlled by multiple organizations, which is between the public chain and the existing chain. The use of the chain is managed with authority, which can be controlled by the manager, and also open to others according to the manager's wishes
in addition, according to the different use scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it can be divided into currency chain for the purpose of digital currency, property chain for the purpose of recording property rights, and crowdfunding chain for the purpose of crowdfunding

On May 28, Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, proposed the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud integrated blockchain technology, which is far more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. The future anti-counterfeiting verification scenario may only require users to use their mobile phones for simple scanning, and a large number of complete information based on different dimensions can be obtained

take Maotai liquor as an example:

distillery address, proction workshop, operation staff, inspector, delivery time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

liquor year, raw material source, raw material supplier, storage warehouse number, raw material transportation vehicle and driver information,

all information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and tampered with

the above information can be easily verified

2. Food safety issues as early as last November, Wal Mart has cooperated with IBM to track the source of food by using blockchain technology, so as to ensure the safety of food and increase the circulation of food to rece costs. For Wal Mart and other large supermarkets, it took a few days to investigate the source of problem food, After using this technology, only one item of proct information is needed to achieve accurate traceability, and important information such as food origin, inspector, supplier, logistics and transportation can quickly find problems in a few minutes. Currently, procts tracked by blockchain include packaging procts from the United States and pork from China

3. Information security

blockchain technology is promoting an information security technology revolution. (1) identity protection PKI is a common public key encryption technology in e-mail, message application, website and other communication applications. However, since the implementation of most PKI, the centralized trusted third party certification authority (CA) is used to issue, activate and store user certificates. Hackers can attack PKI to fake user identity or crack encrypted information

certcoin is the first PKI implementation of blockchain, which comes from MIT, removes the centralized authentication center, and uses blockchain as a distributed ledger for domain name and public key

pomcor company: blockchain PKI implementation path: keep the authentication center, and use blockchain to store the hash value of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, and can also improve the network access performance through local authentication of secret key and signature based on blockchain

(2) data integrity protection

guardtime developed a secret key free signature architecture (Ksi) based on blockchain technology to replace the secret key based data authentication technology. Ksi stores the hash table of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs the hash algorithm to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored in the blockchain. Any data tampering will be found quickly because the original hash table is stored in millions of nodes

(3) key infrastructure protection

the "Achilles heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, DDoS is still the simplest weapon for hackers to bring down the big target with low cost, DNS service is the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale destruction, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve the problem

The distributed storage of

blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system, which uses Ethereum blockchain and interstellar Internet file system (IPFs, the distributed substitute of HTTP) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching, which makes DDoS attacks possible. It is also the bane of the centralized government's censorship of social networks and manipulation of DNS registration. A highly transparent and distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from arbitrarily manipulating records

(1) digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use, such as bitcoin and Ethernet in foreign countries, and guorenbao in China

from the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, and then to the rise of bitcoin network, more and more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and graally apply it in many scenarios other than digital currency

(2) cross border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transaction, rece intermediate fees

transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and accelerate the settlement speed; Virtual currency can rece transaction costs without the intervention of clearing house. Different countries have different clearing proceres. It takes two or three days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer through the third party, through the blockchain technology to form point-to-point payment. By eliminating the link of the third-party institutions, we can make full day payment, real-time payment, withdraw cash quickly and rece the hidden cost, which helps to avoid the capital risk. It is timely and convenient

(3) bills and supply chain financial business: rece human intervention, rece costs and operational risks

value transfer between point-to-point, control and verify physical bills or central system; Intermediaries will be eliminated and human intervention reced. With the improvement of efficiency, financing channels are more unblocked, risks are lower, and multiple parties benefit

(4) securities issuance and Trading: realize quasi real-time asset transfer, accelerate the speed of transaction clearing

the application of blockchain technology can make the process of securities trading more concise, transparent and fast, rece the plication of IT system, and improve the efficiency of market operation. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or electronic form records, rece human errors in trading, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platform. Citigroup and Nasdaq cooperate to promote blockchain applications

(5) customer credit investigation and anti fraud: rece the cost of legal compliance, prevent financial crimes

the customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reference system, which can be implemented in banks

3. Bochat is good. You can chat and trade

4. At present, the best choice of blockchain is EHS eBay insurance

the insurance application on the chain based on blockchain, the primary market is free and the secondary market such as Huo coin is assisted by a special management team.

5. I'm very happy to meet you. The blockchain project is right for ordinary people. It's very fast to work hard and not be personal.

6. There is a public platform of SMIC blockchain in Changsha, where tens of thousands of enterprises have been linked. It should be a good project.

7. 1、 Property law is the gospel of property owners

Article 12 of the constitution of the people's Republic of China stipulates that "socialist public property is sacred and inviolable", "no organization or indivial is allowed to occupy or damage state and collective property by any means", and Article 13 stipulates that "citizens' legitimate private property is inviolable", "The state protects citizens' private property rights and inheritance rights in accordance with the law.". The second paragraph of Article 73 of the general principles of civil law stipulates that "state property is sacred and inviolable" Article 4 of the property law stipulates: "the property rights of the state, the collective, the private and other right holders shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed by any unit or indivial." It can be seen that the equal protection of public property and private property in the property law actually improves the relative legal status of private property and establishes the principle that private property and public property have the same civil status, which lays the foundation for the legal restoration of the universal equal civil relationship between state-owned and non-state-owned property rights, Moreover, combined with the fact that the income and wealth of Chinese citizens have generally increased since the reform and opening up, the "property owners" protected by the property law have covered the actual interests of the vast majority of the Chinese people< Second, the property law is about the legal appreciation of RMB.


in the legislative explanation and deliberation report, the property law has made positive explanations or provisions on the right to contracted management of rural land, the right to use homestead, the right to use urban commercial residential land and other major property rights involving the vital interests of the masses, It fully reflects the principle of respect and retroactive protection for citizens' real right in fact. For example, Article 149 of the property law stipulates: "if the term of the right to use residential construction land expires, it will be automatically renewed." This is not only a supplement and improvement to the unreasonable legal provisions in the past from the perspective of social stability, but also a concrete manifestation of respecting citizens' factual rights to "things" -- the vital interests of the overwhelming majority of the people are the most important social public interests, and the law, as a form of protection, should only adapt to it rather than become a system shackle, The legislative practice of property law vividly implements the basic principles of "seeking truth from facts", "respecting facts" and "people-oriented". In terms of "automatic renewal of the right to use residential construction land" only, the property law dispels the huge interest ambiguity and injects huge future economic expectations for the real estate instry, which occupies an important proportion in the national economy. In other words, through the property law, the real estate instry has the right to use residential construction land, After the expiration of the term of the right to use residential construction land, the huge rights and interests of the state owned by the original provisions are clearly retained by the original property owner according to the fact of possession of the "property", which is actually a huge, clear and legally guaranteed social investment for the real estate economy through legislation. From the above point of view, the property law opens up the operation space for the legal appreciation of the important social universal property rights, which is not only beneficial to the asset appreciation of the related instries and fields involved in the rural land contractual management right, the right to use homestead, the right to use urban commercial residential land, but also a legal appreciation of RMB< Thirdly, the economic significance of the property law is underestimated by the society.

at present, we need to further study the economic significance of the property law and look for the significant impact of the implementation of the property law on the real estate economy, financial economy and rural economy. We must pay attention to that this is an objective fact, What's more, it is an important effect that will continue to play a role in the future, or it is a far-reaching event that touches all fields of China's social and economic life. A realistic suggestion is that it is necessary for the economic instry and the general market people to explore the strategic influence from the property law in combination with their own reality, so as to obtain specific and practical strategic enlightenment

8. This may be a platform limitation, which can be solved by consulting customer service