Blockchain agricultural economy

1. blockchain is a public accounting mechanism
blockchain is decentralized, tamper resistant and anonymous
the blockchain system is actually a distributed system
bitcoin system is the earliest blockchain system and the simplest blockchain system
the whole bitcoin system is actually a distributed ledger. This ledger is backed up on each node. When a transaction occurs, it will be broadcast to the network. The miner node (the node solving the problem) in the network will mine (the node solving the problem) to record the transaction. The recorded block will be broadcast to the network, and other nodes will verify and synchronize to their own node's account book.

2. Principle of blockchain: decentralized distributed accounting system
the core of blockchain technology is that all participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, which makes the transaction based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party< br />?
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the blocks of the transactions that have been reached are connected together to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All miners compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction

1.1 what is a blockchain

blockchain is a technical solution to collectively maintain a reliable database through centralization and de trust in the past. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes in the participating system to generate a series of data blocks by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system in a certain period of time, and generates a data fingerprint to verify the validity of its information and link to the next database block< br />?
generally speaking, blockchain technology refers to a way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. There is a database behind all the systems, that is, a big ledger. So it's very important who keeps this account book. At present, whose system is responsible for bookkeeping, the account book of each bank is the account book of each bank, and the account book of each bank is the account book of Ali. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system can have the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. If there are new transaction data changes in a certain period of time, everyone in the system can make bookkeeping. The system will judge the fastest and best bookkeeper in this period, write the recorded content into the account book, and send the content of the account book to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete account book. As a result, the data becomes very secure. Tamperers need to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. The cost of such tampering is so high that it is almost impossible. For example, bitcoin has been running for more than seven years, and countless hackers around the world have tried to attack bitcoin, but so far there have been no trading errors. It can be considered that bitcoin blockchain has been proved to be a safe and reliable system< br />?

1.2 why is there blockchain innovation

human beings need to communicate in the process of activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to meet the information needs of market participants, so the intermediary and center were born. This centralized system has the problems of high cost, low efficiency, scattered value, "information island" and unsafe data storage. However, e to technical and environmental factors, this system still continues to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation Internet is TCP / IP protocol, which is to implement the open code of peer-to-peer transmission of information in a unified format of all nodes on the network, and to program, protocol and execute the basic values of freedom and equality needed by the global unified market. Internet eliminates the middle chain of low value and high cost, and realizes the low cost and high efficiency of global information transmission by decentralization< br />?< However, the first generation Internet did not solve the credit problem of information. The activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be those that do not need credit endorsement, and those that need credit guarantee must be those that are centralized and participated by third-party intermediaries. As a result, Internet technology, which is unable to establish global credit, has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people can not participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized way. In order to realize value exchange, people still need the third-party intermediary (such as bank, clearing, exchange) based on credit. There are still some problems in the global centralized credit system, such as high operating cost, low efficiency and vulnerability to attack. For example, the legal currencies of different countries have different credit values and different clearing systems, which increase the cost of Global trade< br />?
therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to decentralize the establishment of global credit? So that the value transfer is also low-cost and efficient. We need to create a kind of technology in the Internet, which can also engage in value exchange activities on the premise that people can't trust each other, so as to achieve real decentralization and go to the third-party intermediary, and realize the transformation from information internet to value Internet

1.3 application of blockchain

Bubi blockchain has been applied to equity, supply chain, points and other fields, and is carrying out experiments and application tests with exchanges and banks
as an integral application on Bubi blockchain, Shubei Hebao has been launched recently, which is a good demonstration for the landing application of blockchain technology in various instries

1.4 why the financial instry needs blockchain

trust is the foundation of the financial instry. In order to maintain trust, the development of the financial instry has spawned a large number of high-cost, low-efficiency, single point of failure intermediaries, including trusteeship, third-party payment, notaries, banks, exchanges and so on. Blockchain technology uses new encryption authentication technology and decentralized consensus mechanism to maintain a complete, distributed and tamperable account book, so that participants can ensure the security of funds and information through a unified account book system without mutual recognition and trust. This is of great significance to finance. Therefore, global financial giants are exploring blockchain applications one after another. On the one hand, this is to prevent the risk of being subverted; on the other hand, it is also "for our own use" to improve efficiency and rece costs, so as to consolidate, optimize and expand the existing power< br />?
first, blockchain can rece trust risk. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of open source and transparency. The participants of the system can know the operation rules of the system, verify the authenticity and integrity of the account book content and account book construction history, and ensure that the transaction history is reliable and has not been tampered with, which is equivalent to improving the accountability of the system and recing the trust risk of the system. For example, blockchain can avoid the current Internet Financial P2P running, fraud and other events< br />?
secondly, blockchain can improve the efficiency of payment, transaction and settlement. On the blockchain, the process of transaction confirmation is the process of clearing, settlement and auditing. Blockchain uses distributed accounting, all transactions are displayed in real time on a spreadsheet similar to global sharing, real-time clearing, and efficiency is greatly improved. For example, the U.S. securities settlement system is t + 3, but the blockchain can improve the efficiency to the minute level, which can rece the settlement risk by 99%, thus effectively recing the cost of capital and systemic risk< br />?
thirdly, blockchain can rece operating costs. Financial business systems and back office work are often faced with long processes and multiple links. Nowadays, no matter visa, master or all of them operate in a centralized way, money transfer has to go through a third party, which makes the cost of cross-border transaction, currency exchange rate, internal accounting and time cost too high, and brings risks to capital. Blockchain can simplify and automate the lengthy financial service process, rece the interaction between foreground and background, and save a lot of human and material resources, which is of great significance to optimize the financial business process and improve the financial competitiveness. The Bank of Spain believes that by 2022, blockchain technology will help the financial instry rece its bookkeeping costs by $20 billion< br />?
fourthly, blockchain can effectively prevent failures and attacks. The traditional financial model takes the exchange or bank as the center. Once the center fails or is attacked, the whole network may be paralyzed and the transaction will be suspended. The blockchain is supported by many distributed nodes and computer servers on the point-to-point network. The problems of any part will not affect the overall operation, and each node keeps a of the blockchain data. Therefore, the built-in business continuity of blockchain has high reliability and fault tolerance< br />?
fifthly, blockchain can improve the level of automation. Since all files or assets can be represented in the form of codes or ledgers, smart contracts and automatic transactions can be realized on the blockchain by setting the data processing program on the blockchain. For example, a smart contract can write a set of financial terms into the agreement to ensure the automatic execution and default payment of the contract< br />?
sixth, blockchain can meet regulatory and audit requirements. The records stored on the blockchain are transparent, traceable and unchangeable. Any record, once written to the blockchain, is permanent and cannot be tampered with. Any transaction between two parties can be tracked and inquired< br />?
in addition to the above positive effects on existing systems and business models, blockchain can also drive the birth of new business models. On the one hand, the characteristics of blockchain technology enable it to achieve some business models that are difficult to achieve in the centralized mode. On the other hand, blockchain greatly encourages the innovation and cooperation of the whole society through the opening and cooperation of source code. Of course, there will be a lot of problems and challenges in the application of blockchain in finance. This paper also thinks about the specific application

the working principle of blockchain technology is not difficult to understand. If we focus on the application research of specific blockchain technology, we can find that the working principle of this blockchain technology is ubiquitous.

3. The decentralization of blockchain will greatly rece the cost of Internet maintenance and enhance the intelligent and large-scale level of Agricultural Internet of things. At the same time, the agricultural procts traceability system based on blockchain technology solves the trust crisis of consumers for procts, and makes people's dining tables healthier and safer
in the field of agriculture, what are the trends of blockchain agriculture
1. Internet of things + UAV + blockchain
logistics ensures the interconnection of everything, UAV provides proction management services, and blockchain provides recording and traceability technologies. It will be concive to the development of precision agriculture, rece pesticide investment and improve the quality of agricultural procts
2. Blockchain + data + artificial intelligence
the application of blockchain in agriculture can eliminate information asymmetry to the greatest extent, improve the information transparency and timely response ability of the whole instrial chain, and realize the value-added of the whole instry
the integrated development of blockchain + data + artificial intelligence can maximize the value of agricultural big data and rece the input cost< In early February, the Chinese government issued "guidance on the revitalization of rural financial services". The new framework proposed this time is part of the financial service efficiency improvement plan in the National Rural Revitalization Plan
blockchain + agricultural finance will provide a convenient way for small farmers' loans and bring authenticity and predictability to the credit investigation of agricultural financial institutions
4. Blockchain + rural logistics
e to the small distribution of rural logistics, package loss and difficulty of agricultural procts ascending are caused. But blockchain technology can solve these problems
5. Blockchain + agricultural supply chain
this kind of application is the reason why major shopping malls graft blockchain. For example, Wal Mart, Carrefour and other large supermarkets bring the whole fresh food and food supply chain into the block chain management, so as to rece costs and improve proct safety. At present, Cargill, an American agricultural giant, is vigorously developing the application of blockchain + agricultural supply chain finance
in addition to agriculture, the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.

4. At present, the combination of blockchain and agriculture can be divided into two parts:
one is the traceability mode, which is commonly used nowadays. All agricultural activities, from planting to proction and sales, are recorded on the blockchain, so as to achieve the purpose of proct traceability. However, this method costs a lot, and usually has a special team or company to do it, Because the follow-up after-sales is very troublesome
the second is to use the form of blockchain token combined with the online mall to sell agricultural procts through the Internet. Instead of the usual cash, it uses the form of digital currency to circulate, which is equivalent to linking with the blockchain

5. From 2009 to now, blockchain technology has developed from blockchain 1.0 era to blockchain 3.0 era, from the special technology of digital currency to the open technology of social field. With the promotion of the 13th five year plan for national informatization and the national big data strategy, the deep integration of blockchain and real economy is becoming the general trend
as China's agricultural instry has been facing many problems such as highly dispersed operators and long instrial chain, there are many obstacles on the road of transformation and upgrading. The blockchain has the point-to-point trust under the distributed cooperation, and the tamperable records can just solve many pain points in the uplink of agricultural procts, eliminate the information asymmetry to the greatest extent, improve the information transparency and timely response ability of the whole instrial chain, and realize the value-added of the whole instry. Therefore, blockchain technology is entering the field of agricultural procts proction and circulation, and is profoundly transforming China's agriculture
recently, China's first white paper on agricultural blockchain was released by China rural network. Through analyzing the actual case of China rural network's efficient integration of proction end and sales end by using Internet of things and blockchain technology, it is confirmed that the application of blockchain in agricultural instry is not simply to make the traditional offline process online, but to empower and enhance the efficiency of the instry
SUN Wei, CEO of China rural power grid, interprets the methodology of blockchain
as a representative enterprise of B2B e-commerce of agricultural procts in China, the core transaction category of China rural power grid is silk, with an annual transaction volume of several billion yuan. However, the upstream proction monomer of silk instry is small and scattered, the instrial chain is long and inefficient, the transaction cost is too high, and the buyer and seller will often break the contract artificially
China rural power grid blockchain + cocoon and silk instry supply chain
through blockchain Distributed Accounting and tamper proof technology, China rural power grid can present the information of buyers and sellers to upstream and downstream parties and relevant third parties openly and transparently, and the defaulter will be abandoned by the instry, thus establishing a positive reputation ecology through mutual chain, and letting good currency drive out bad currency
at present, the agricultural blockchain platform of China rural power grid has achieved success in the first stage, which can not only reshape the trust relationship between all parties, but also significantly improve the transaction efficiency and rece the transaction cost
generally speaking, the instry generally believes that blockchain will be used in the Internet of things, agricultural procts traceability, rural finance and other six fields
1 Internet of things
the combination of Internet of things and blockchain will enable Internet of things devices to achieve self-management and maintenance, saving the high maintenance cost of cloud control as the center
2 big data
blockchain technology has point-to-point trust, and tamperable records will become an excellent way to solve the problem of data authenticity and effectiveness
3 quality and safety traceability
the agricultural procts traceability system based on blockchain technology, all data can not be tampered with, making the information more transparent, true and accurate
4 rural finance
the open and tamperable nature of blockchain technology makes it possible for decentralized trust mechanism. When applying for loans, it is no longer dependent on banks, credit reference companies and other intermediary institutions to provide credit certificates. The lending institutions can obtain the corresponding information data of the blockchain
5 agricultural insurance
blockchain technology can improve the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights and the transaction of agricultural property rights, and greatly simplify the process of agricultural insurance. At the same time, smart contract will also make agricultural insurance payment more intelligent
6 supply chain
e to the openness and transparency of data among all parties, a complete and smooth information flow is formed in the whole supply chain, which helps to improve the efficiency of supply chain management. The characteristics of non tampering data and transaction traceability can also eliminate the problem of fake and inferior procts in the process of proct circulation in the supply chain
in fact, some powerful agricultural enterprises have been aware of the opportunities of blockchain and have made an early layout to explore.

6. The value of blockchain lies in safety, and the value of blockchain agriculture is for food safety, and these data have a very important reference role for the reproction of agricultural procts
with the development of value oriented agriculture, precision agriculture and central agricultural system, this kind of blockchain technology will promote the continuous development of the agricultural instry, and its technology can also bring more jobs
blockchain agriculture has existed for a long time, but some places are not mature enough, especially traceability. However, a dmtc agricultural traceability project was launched this year to fill the gap
in terms of data collection, through the application of artificial intelligence and Internet of things technology, it runs through the whole agricultural ecological chain. During agricultural proction, it automatically records the proction environment data and proction process data of agricultural procts, when agricultural procts are transported, it automatically records the transportation data, and when selling, dmtc terminal connects with intelligent micro supermarket to collect consumer behavior data, Through the popularization of intelligent micro supermarket, terminals are all over the living quarters, collecting rich data for instrial development, and carrying the value transmission and information transmission of agricultural ecological chain more perfectly

7. I have been paying close attention to the blockchain economy recently. You can come to the blockchain news network to learn about the latest market. It provides proct information of digital currency, blockchain, bitcoin and other popular digital currencies. Recently, I chose bitcoin to pay attention to market changes. It is very helpful for me.

8. What is the mode of economic operation? Both "sleep function" is to set the temperature as the benchmark, automatically increase the set temperature once every hour, so as to keep the room temperature appropriate
when cooling, the temperature will rise by 1 ℃ every hour, and when heating, the temperature will drop by 2 ℃ every hour, which is not only comfortable, but also energy-saving