Blockchain foundation includes

1. Generally speaking, blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer
among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data block and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data transmission mechanism and data verification mechanism; The consensus layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; The contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

2. 1-contains a distributed database

2-The distributed database is the physical carrier of the blockchain, and the blockchain is the logical carrier of the transaction. All core nodes should contain the full of the blockchain data

3-The blockchain serializes the blocks according to time, and the blockchain is the only body of the whole network transaction data

4-The blockchain is only effective for adding, Invalid for other operations

5-public-private key verification based on asymmetric encryption

6-accounting node requires that Byzantine general problem can be solved / avoided

7-consensus progress is evolutionarily stable, that is, it will not collapse in the face of a certain amount of contradictory data of different nodes

8-consensus process can solve the problem of double spending

five characteristics of blockchain:
decentralized
e to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system
thanks to the decentralization of blockchain, bitcoin also has the characteristics of decentralization [6]
openness
the system is open, in addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all, and anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
autonomy
blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work
information cannot be tampered with
once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high<
anonymity
since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, their data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective by themselves), so the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate their own trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation.

3.

1. Application of blockchain technology in the banking instry the biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, which will rece a lot of costs for the banking instry. The development of digital currency will make it possible for banks to realize real-time digital transactions. For example, in bill transaction, bank bill transaction always relies on the third party to realize the transfer of valuable documents. Even in electronic bill transaction,

also needs to be authenticated through the information of central bank ECDs system. The blockchain technology can realize the point-to-point value transmission, which no longer needs centralized system control. This not only speeds up the bill transmission speed, but also reces the mistakes caused by human factors. The rection of process will naturally rece the demand of the bank for personnel and save the labor cost of the bank

2, the application of blockchain technology in the insurance instry

blockchain technology also has incomparable advantages in the insurance instry. From the perspective of data management, the application of blockchain technology can effectively improve the risk management and control ability of insurance companies, including the risk supervision of insurance companies and the risk management of policyholders

the application of blockchain technology in the insurance instry can strengthen the internal risk supervision of insurance companies. Blockchain technology can record the daily operation process of insurance company on the node, realize the in-process control of the company's capital flow, investment situation, compensation amount and other business, and improve the company's risk management and control ability

3. Application of blockchain technology in the securities instry

4, blockchain technology and financial infrastructure

blockchain technology is a decentralized mechanism for value exchange, which will lead to earth shaking changes in the existing financial infrastructure characterized by centralization

5. Application of blockchain technology in supply chain, It has become an effective guarantee for enterprise bank's loan credit, financing credit and transaction credit

4.

A: the basic characteristics of blockchain

I. decentralization
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage

Second, openness

the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

Third, independence

based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention

Four, safety

as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5. Anonymity

unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information transmission can be anonymous

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6.

1. Decentralized

blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain

2, openness

blockchain technology is based on open source, in addition to the private information of the parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone, anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3, independence

based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to the hash algorithm used by bitcoin and other mathematical algorithms), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system, without the intervention of anyone

4. Security

as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5, anonymity

unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously

7. The basic components of Chia blockchain include fullnodes, farmers, harvesters, timelors, pools, wallets and visual GUI interface. If you have any questions, you can continue to ask