Mining mechanism of blockchain

bitcoin is equivalent to digital gold. As a generally recognized equivalent, gold naturally has monetary properties and has been regarded as a kind of currency since ancient times. Bitcoin was born in 2009 and created by a person named Nakamoto. As the earliest digital currency, it was worthless at the beginning of creation. Until 2017, the highest transaction price of bitcoin exceeded 30000 RMB. The reasons why bitcoin became a valuable digital currency are as follows:

first of all, it is like gold, as a natural mineral, The total amount of bitcoin is limited. Bitcoin can not be over issued according to its own algorithm, so there will be no rapid devaluation of currency e to excessive currency issuance. The number of bitcoin is controlled to no more than 21 million e to the algorithm, so it can not be issued in large quantities, so its value is guaranteed

Bitcoin mining is a process of using computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for bitcoin network to confirm transactions and improve security

1 Division of mining units of ore deposits generally, ore deposits occupy a large area and have abundant reserves. In order to develop in a planned way, the ore deposits are often divided into several parts (mining units) from large to small according to the occurrence conditions of ore bodies, and are classified into corresponding mining enterprises (proction units) for mining

generally, the distribution range of ore deposits is called mining area, which is usually classified as a Mining Bureau (or company). All deposits in the same geological structure and of the same origin are called ore fields (coal mines are called coalfields). If the mine field is large in scale, it can be divided into several parts, each part is mined by a mine (pit mouth), which is called mine field (Figure 12-1). The boundary of mine field can be artificial boundary or natural boundary. During mining, the mine field must be divided into smaller parts. For inclined seam, the seam is usually divided into several long sections parallel to the strike according to a certain elevation along its inclined direction, which is called stage (or middle section), and the upper and lower interface is called horizontal, such as 0m level and - 50m level (Fig. 12-2). When the stage is small, the mining can be carried out at one time along the whole stage; If the stage area is large, it should be further divided into n mining areas, each mining area along the inclined layout of n mining faces, called section

Fig. 12-8 schematic diagram of roof failure zoning

(according to Beijing Academy of Coal Sciences, 1985)

a-irregular caving; B - rule falling; C-serious fracture; D-general cracking; E - tiny crack; F - caving zone; G-fracture zone; H-overall moving zone; I-fracture zone

1) caving zone: the area where the direct roof splits into pieces and collapses downward. It can be divided into irregular caving section and regular caving section. The rocks in this area are broken and expanded, accumulated and permeable, which can form a channel for the upper groundwater or surface water to pour downward, causing water inrush. Generally, this area is not allowed to develop into the upper strong aquifer or surface water

2) fracture zone: a large number of mining fractures with cut and separated layers appear above the caving zone. The zone can be divided into three sections: serious fracture section, general fracture section and micro fracture section. When the zone reaches the supply water source, the mine water inflow will increase sharply, even cause water inrush

3) overall movement zone of rock stratum: the zone is located above the fracture zone, which is generally characterized by the overall bending deformation or shear displacement of the stratum, or the overall bending and falling in the zone. Generally, there is no fracture and it does not form a water filling channel