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Real name system of blockchain regulations
Publish: 2021-05-02 14:45:32
1. You should fill in your personal identity information, real name system, nickname, mobile phone number, Alipay, face sweeping, and you need to pay one yuan to verify your identity.
2. In 2020, with the promotion of online litigation mechanism and the promotion of the application of blockchain electronic evidence by Internet courts, the number of cases involving blockchain electronic evidence will increase significantly. First line Internet companies and leading enterprises in various instries generally use blockchain electronic evidence service in daily legal work because of their sensitivity to new technologies. The Supreme People's court has set up 14 major topics, among which the research group of "Research on electronic litigation rules in the Internet Era" focuses on "basic principles of electronic litigation; The conditions, scope and methods of online case filing, online court hearing and electronic service; In order to provide suggestions for the supreme legal system to formulate judicial policy and issue judicial interpretation, we should study and form a complete and systematic draft of electronic litigation rules
since 2018, with the establishment of the Internet court and the development of electronic evidence platform institutions following the development of blockchain technology, and with the development and improvement of alliance chain technology, some innovative electronic evidence platform enterprises have taken the lead in applying blockchain technology to the field of electronic evidence, such as blockchain electronic evidence platforms such as easy security
easy preservation has been included in the "typical cases of blockchain electronic evidence platform" by the supreme law research group, which indicates that the blockchain technology and access evidence of easy preservation are widely recognized by the judiciary. Before that, easy security has been included in the "typical cases of blockchain intellectual property rights" by the Inner Mongolia high court and Wuxi intermediate people's court, selected in the "typical cases of blockchain platform" by the law experts' lecture hall, and selected in the "2020 China blockchain enterprise investment map" by the China business intelligence network, and its actual qualification has been recognized
blockchain electronic evidence is by no means a simple legal logic and theoretical framework of "using blockchain technology is blockchain electronic evidence". Only by using blockchain technology to ensure the authenticity, legitimacy and relevance of electronic evidence before, ring and after the chain, can we ensure the conversion of ordinary electronic data into judicial credible blockchain electronic evidence
at the technical level, blockchain, CA, time stamp, encryption algorithm and other technologies are used to authenticate the real name of platform users, and block chain store the user's signed data, so as to form a full evidence chain recording the key details of the whole process, and generate tamperable hash encrypted files, so as to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data before being chained and the integrity of the data when being chained
after being linked, easy security stores relevant data synchronously on the servers of notary office, Arbitration Commission, Internet court, right protection center, judicial appraisal institute and other institutions through the open platform of security chain; It can also conct visual blockchain inspection on the official websites of notary office, Arbitration Commission, judicial appraisal institute, Capital Intellectual Property Association, etc. Ensure that the whole process can be traced, the whole data can be verified, and the whole link can be trusted.
since 2018, with the establishment of the Internet court and the development of electronic evidence platform institutions following the development of blockchain technology, and with the development and improvement of alliance chain technology, some innovative electronic evidence platform enterprises have taken the lead in applying blockchain technology to the field of electronic evidence, such as blockchain electronic evidence platforms such as easy security
easy preservation has been included in the "typical cases of blockchain electronic evidence platform" by the supreme law research group, which indicates that the blockchain technology and access evidence of easy preservation are widely recognized by the judiciary. Before that, easy security has been included in the "typical cases of blockchain intellectual property rights" by the Inner Mongolia high court and Wuxi intermediate people's court, selected in the "typical cases of blockchain platform" by the law experts' lecture hall, and selected in the "2020 China blockchain enterprise investment map" by the China business intelligence network, and its actual qualification has been recognized
blockchain electronic evidence is by no means a simple legal logic and theoretical framework of "using blockchain technology is blockchain electronic evidence". Only by using blockchain technology to ensure the authenticity, legitimacy and relevance of electronic evidence before, ring and after the chain, can we ensure the conversion of ordinary electronic data into judicial credible blockchain electronic evidence
at the technical level, blockchain, CA, time stamp, encryption algorithm and other technologies are used to authenticate the real name of platform users, and block chain store the user's signed data, so as to form a full evidence chain recording the key details of the whole process, and generate tamperable hash encrypted files, so as to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data before being chained and the integrity of the data when being chained
after being linked, easy security stores relevant data synchronously on the servers of notary office, Arbitration Commission, Internet court, right protection center, judicial appraisal institute and other institutions through the open platform of security chain; It can also conct visual blockchain inspection on the official websites of notary office, Arbitration Commission, judicial appraisal institute, Capital Intellectual Property Association, etc. Ensure that the whole process can be traced, the whole data can be verified, and the whole link can be trusted.
3. Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security problems of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to solve this problem:
(1) distributed ledger, that is, transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records complete accounts, so they can participate in monitoring the legitimacy of transactions, At the same time, they can testify together
different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of distributed storage of blockchain is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that each node of blockchain stores complete data according to block chain structure, while traditional distributed storage generally stores data in multiple copies according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has the same status, which relies on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data from the central node to other backup nodes[ 8]
no single node can record the account data separately, so as to avoid the possibility that a single bookkeeper is controlled or bribed to record false accounts. In theory, unless all the nodes are destroyed, the accounts will not be lost, so as to ensure the security of the account data
(2) asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted, which can only be accessed under the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring the data security and personal privacy
(3) consensus mechanism is how to reach a consensus among all accounting nodes to determine the validity of a record, which is not only a means of identification, but also a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and achieve a balance between efficiency and security
the consensus mechanism of blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority is subordinate to the majority" and "everyone is equal", in which "the minority is subordinate to the majority" does not completely refer to the number of nodes, but also can be the computing power, the number of shares or other characteristics that can be compared by computers“ "Everyone is equal" means that when the nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to put forward the consensus results first, and then directly recognized by other nodes, and finally may become the final consensus results. Taking bitcoin as an example, the workload proof is adopted. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the whole network are controlled can a nonexistent record be forged. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
(4) smart contract, which is based on these trusted and tamperable data, can automatically execute some pre-defined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and reliable, it is easy to carry out automatic claim settlement in some standardized insurance procts
(1) distributed ledger, that is, transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records complete accounts, so they can participate in monitoring the legitimacy of transactions, At the same time, they can testify together
different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of distributed storage of blockchain is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that each node of blockchain stores complete data according to block chain structure, while traditional distributed storage generally stores data in multiple copies according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has the same status, which relies on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data from the central node to other backup nodes[ 8]
no single node can record the account data separately, so as to avoid the possibility that a single bookkeeper is controlled or bribed to record false accounts. In theory, unless all the nodes are destroyed, the accounts will not be lost, so as to ensure the security of the account data
(2) asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted, which can only be accessed under the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring the data security and personal privacy
(3) consensus mechanism is how to reach a consensus among all accounting nodes to determine the validity of a record, which is not only a means of identification, but also a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and achieve a balance between efficiency and security
the consensus mechanism of blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority is subordinate to the majority" and "everyone is equal", in which "the minority is subordinate to the majority" does not completely refer to the number of nodes, but also can be the computing power, the number of shares or other characteristics that can be compared by computers“ "Everyone is equal" means that when the nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to put forward the consensus results first, and then directly recognized by other nodes, and finally may become the final consensus results. Taking bitcoin as an example, the workload proof is adopted. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the whole network are controlled can a nonexistent record be forged. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
(4) smart contract, which is based on these trusted and tamperable data, can automatically execute some pre-defined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and reliable, it is easy to carry out automatic claim settlement in some standardized insurance procts
4. Certainly not, because blockchain itself has no value, just like bitcoin. Some foreign countries recognize it as currency, but China does not recognize bitcoin. In China, the value of bitcoin is zero. Do you think blockchain can loan.
5.
The term "smart contract" can be traced back to at least 1995 and was proposed by the prolific interdisciplinary legal scholar Nick Szabo. He mentioned the concept of smart contract in several articles published on his website. His definition is as follows:
"a smart contract is a set of promises defined in digital form, including the agreements on which the contract participants can implement these commitments."
Let's explore the meaning of his definition in more detailcommitment
a set of commitments refers to the (often mutual) rights and obligations agreed by contract participants. These commitments define the nature and purpose of the contract. Take a sales contract as a typical example. The seller promises to deliver the goods and the buyer promises to pay a reasonable price
digital form
digital form means that contracts have to be written into computer-readable code. This is necessary, because as long as the participants reach an agreement, the rights and obligations of smart contract establishment are executed by a computer or computer network
(1) when will the parties to the smart contract reach an agreement? The answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation. Generally speaking, the contract is discovered when the parties are committed to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract host platform (2) the real meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, implementation means active implementation through technical means(3) computer readable code
in addition, the specific "digital form" required by the contract is very dependent on the agreement that the parties agree to use
protocol
protocol is technical implementation, on this basis, the contract commitment is realized, or the contract commitment is recorded. Which agreement to choose depends on many factors, the most important of which is the nature of the assets being traded ring the performance of the contract
again, take the sales contract as an example. Suppose that the participants agree to pay in bitcoin. The chosen protocol will obviously be bitcoin protocol, on which the smart contract will be implemented. Therefore, the "digital form" that the contract must use is bitcoin scripting language. Bitcoin scripting language is a non Turing complete, imperative, stack based programming language, similar to forth
smart contract
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved" blockchain technology professional "pilot workstation of" smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation "launched by the school planning, construction and Development Center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system
6. Domestic digital currency wallets are basically not OK. Wallets are the natural enemies of centralized exchanges.
7. 1. Promote the integration of financial system
at present, financial management is mainly carried out by information system, including LIS system, PACS system and OA system in addition to his system [5]. At present, except for the hospitals with advanced technology in some developed areas, most hospitals have not yet achieved a high degree of integration between the systems. Therefore, the differences in basic operation algorithms, data collection and feedback methods lead to the poor timeliness of information disclosure of each mole of the financial system, which can not meet the requirements of government departments for financial transparency. With the support of blockchain technology, the hospital's various mole systems can operate in an integrated way, and the system data of different sectors can be extracted and shared in time, which lays a solid foundation for the integration of hospital's financial system accounting, budget implementation, capital revenue and expenditure, financial analysis, etc
2. Deepen the content of financial management
with the continuous deepening of medical reform, the business volume of medical institutions has increased, and the more refined the financial management is required. However, the current hospital financial management is far from enough segmentation. Under the diversified changes of medical insurance and expenditure, the lag of information statistics seriously hinders the accurate and automatic operation of the financial system. Strictly speaking, hospital financial management only includes budget management, cost management and other contents, and subsequent other expenses are easy to be connected in the calculation process, which can not meet the needs of financial function integration process. Therefore, we should sort out the existing financial work, take the financial budget, revenue and expenditure as the source of management, and bring the medical project research funds, operating funds, expenditure approval into the scope of financial management. The introction of blockchain technology into the hospital financial management system can not only realize the above financial management steps, but also investigate and track the use of funds in real time, so as to realize the traceability of the source and the clarity of the direction of funds in the process of investigation. In this way, the horizontal development of financial content can fully improve the efficiency of hospital financial management
3. Improve the efficiency and accuracy of hospital financial management
hospital financial management plays an important role in the daily operation of the hospital, and also determines the accuracy of hospital financial information. The hospital should focus on improving the financial management to prevent and control the economic crisis caused by the financial management failure. In terms of the current enterprise financial management, the application of blockchain technology and AI intelligence is the overall development trend. Therefore, the combination of blockchain technology is an important grasp to upgrade the hospital financial management system. Affected by the characteristics of the hospital instry and the limitations of technical means, in the past, the financial management was mainly based on post inspection accounting, and the financial changes were involved early and the control was relatively lacking. In the face of increasingly detailed cross department financial data, the traditional financial management audit mode needs a lot of manpower in the aspects of evidence query, audit judgment and financial budget. The distributed bookkeeping technology and weak centralization of blockchain technology make it automatic and efficient to record financial transaction data after the verification of blockchain network nodes There are complete and remarkable characteristics in time and space. The hospital financial system built by blockchain technology can collect all kinds of effective financial data in real time and conct dynamic analysis according to the smart contract, which greatly improves the efficiency and precision of hospital financial management_ To ensure the safety of financial management in all departments of the hospital
4. Strengthen financial budget management
traditional hospital financial management is usually based on the past frequency of equipment use and the range of drug use. Some hospital financial managers think that it is only necessary to allocate resources according to the requirements of higher authorities, which leads to the intelligent financial system can not be well implemented in the hospital financial budget management system. The smart contract part in the blockchain technology can effectively enhance the control of hospital funds. The so-called smart contract is a program that automatically processes assets based on blockchain technology according to preset conditions. Blockchain technology is characterized by significant independence from the participation of third parties, so it is only necessary to input the funds allocated to the budget into the blockchain from the source, and the traceability and whereabouts of the budget funds can be presented clearly and transparently [7]. Smart contract mechanism can ensure the reasonable use of budget funds, and obviously eliminate the illegal use. In addition, blockchain technology can monitor the budget execution in real time and give early warning to the budget data changes with different usage. With the help of the self settlement (clearing) function in the smart contract, the transaction settlement (clearing) can be automated and fast, which can significantly rece the error rate of financial personnel and improve the budget implementation effect
source: Source: Friends of Accountants (issue 03, 2021)
at present, financial management is mainly carried out by information system, including LIS system, PACS system and OA system in addition to his system [5]. At present, except for the hospitals with advanced technology in some developed areas, most hospitals have not yet achieved a high degree of integration between the systems. Therefore, the differences in basic operation algorithms, data collection and feedback methods lead to the poor timeliness of information disclosure of each mole of the financial system, which can not meet the requirements of government departments for financial transparency. With the support of blockchain technology, the hospital's various mole systems can operate in an integrated way, and the system data of different sectors can be extracted and shared in time, which lays a solid foundation for the integration of hospital's financial system accounting, budget implementation, capital revenue and expenditure, financial analysis, etc
2. Deepen the content of financial management
with the continuous deepening of medical reform, the business volume of medical institutions has increased, and the more refined the financial management is required. However, the current hospital financial management is far from enough segmentation. Under the diversified changes of medical insurance and expenditure, the lag of information statistics seriously hinders the accurate and automatic operation of the financial system. Strictly speaking, hospital financial management only includes budget management, cost management and other contents, and subsequent other expenses are easy to be connected in the calculation process, which can not meet the needs of financial function integration process. Therefore, we should sort out the existing financial work, take the financial budget, revenue and expenditure as the source of management, and bring the medical project research funds, operating funds, expenditure approval into the scope of financial management. The introction of blockchain technology into the hospital financial management system can not only realize the above financial management steps, but also investigate and track the use of funds in real time, so as to realize the traceability of the source and the clarity of the direction of funds in the process of investigation. In this way, the horizontal development of financial content can fully improve the efficiency of hospital financial management
3. Improve the efficiency and accuracy of hospital financial management
hospital financial management plays an important role in the daily operation of the hospital, and also determines the accuracy of hospital financial information. The hospital should focus on improving the financial management to prevent and control the economic crisis caused by the financial management failure. In terms of the current enterprise financial management, the application of blockchain technology and AI intelligence is the overall development trend. Therefore, the combination of blockchain technology is an important grasp to upgrade the hospital financial management system. Affected by the characteristics of the hospital instry and the limitations of technical means, in the past, the financial management was mainly based on post inspection accounting, and the financial changes were involved early and the control was relatively lacking. In the face of increasingly detailed cross department financial data, the traditional financial management audit mode needs a lot of manpower in the aspects of evidence query, audit judgment and financial budget. The distributed bookkeeping technology and weak centralization of blockchain technology make it automatic and efficient to record financial transaction data after the verification of blockchain network nodes There are complete and remarkable characteristics in time and space. The hospital financial system built by blockchain technology can collect all kinds of effective financial data in real time and conct dynamic analysis according to the smart contract, which greatly improves the efficiency and precision of hospital financial management_ To ensure the safety of financial management in all departments of the hospital
4. Strengthen financial budget management
traditional hospital financial management is usually based on the past frequency of equipment use and the range of drug use. Some hospital financial managers think that it is only necessary to allocate resources according to the requirements of higher authorities, which leads to the intelligent financial system can not be well implemented in the hospital financial budget management system. The smart contract part in the blockchain technology can effectively enhance the control of hospital funds. The so-called smart contract is a program that automatically processes assets based on blockchain technology according to preset conditions. Blockchain technology is characterized by significant independence from the participation of third parties, so it is only necessary to input the funds allocated to the budget into the blockchain from the source, and the traceability and whereabouts of the budget funds can be presented clearly and transparently [7]. Smart contract mechanism can ensure the reasonable use of budget funds, and obviously eliminate the illegal use. In addition, blockchain technology can monitor the budget execution in real time and give early warning to the budget data changes with different usage. With the help of the self settlement (clearing) function in the smart contract, the transaction settlement (clearing) can be automated and fast, which can significantly rece the error rate of financial personnel and improve the budget implementation effect
source: Source: Friends of Accountants (issue 03, 2021)
8. The core of blockchain + is to graally eliminate all instries that need intermediary to do trust. At present, many central nodes and service platforms of the Internet are essentially trust mediators. Users can do shopping, traveling, ordering, paying and so on through the trust intermediaries such as Taobao, Didi, excellent step, American group, Alipay and WeChat payment.
but the Internet has never been static, and continuous evolution is the norm. In the future, people will have new trust dependence. Because the records of the blockchain can not be tampered with and are authentic, people's trust in the blockchain graally exceeds that of the centralized company. With the joint efforts of many blockchain enterprises and some traditional instries, the world will graally transition from a centralized trust driven to a system driven by algorithms and data. When the centralized trust intermediary is graally weakened, the system represented by blockchain will graally take over the operation mode of the whole world, and finally form the "disintermediated" system trust
therefore, blockchain is not only a technology, but also a story about the paradigm shift of world operation. Although the story is still a little far away, it has sprouted and initially developed
blockchain Internet will start from the instries most closely related to trust and traceability, and graally expand and expand until most instries are blockchain oriented and blockchain +
Puyin is a high-quality Tibetan tea asset, which is stored, identified, evaluated and authorized by three parties. It is a standard digital currency issued through encryption and digitization. Puyin implements the concept of "white paper on standard digital currency" in strict accordance with its operation guidelines, and sets a standard for asset digitization
but the Internet has never been static, and continuous evolution is the norm. In the future, people will have new trust dependence. Because the records of the blockchain can not be tampered with and are authentic, people's trust in the blockchain graally exceeds that of the centralized company. With the joint efforts of many blockchain enterprises and some traditional instries, the world will graally transition from a centralized trust driven to a system driven by algorithms and data. When the centralized trust intermediary is graally weakened, the system represented by blockchain will graally take over the operation mode of the whole world, and finally form the "disintermediated" system trust
therefore, blockchain is not only a technology, but also a story about the paradigm shift of world operation. Although the story is still a little far away, it has sprouted and initially developed
blockchain Internet will start from the instries most closely related to trust and traceability, and graally expand and expand until most instries are blockchain oriented and blockchain +
Puyin is a high-quality Tibetan tea asset, which is stored, identified, evaluated and authorized by three parties. It is a standard digital currency issued through encryption and digitization. Puyin implements the concept of "white paper on standard digital currency" in strict accordance with its operation guidelines, and sets a standard for asset digitization
9. Real name authentication is now implemented by many companies, and the concentric mutual help blockchain platform is to realize information transparency first. In addition, the network mutual help guarantee is a guarantee for itself. If it is not for real name authentication, it will not be guaranteed to apply for mutual help in the future, so it must be real name authentication to join the plan, not only for the future, It's also for everyone's sake.
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