Soil improvement blockchain
This is two different concepts. According to different standards, blockchain can be classified into three categories:
& # 8195&# 8195; 1) According to the network scope of blockchain, it can be divided into public chain, private chain and alliance chain
&# 8195; 2) According to the docking type of blockchain, it is divided into single chain, side chain and interconnection chain
&# 8195; 3) According to the display environment of blockchain deployment, it can be divided into main chain and test chain
the main chain can be understood as a formal online and independent blockchain network, while the public chain refers to a blockchain that can be read by anyone, can send transactions and can be effectively confirmed by anyone, and can participate in its consensus process
The hottest things this year are "bitcoin", "Ethereum" and all kinds of cryptocurrencies, so hot that even aunts and uncles are about to start talking about them. It is no exaggeration to say that 2017 is the first year of the development of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology
as the underlying technology behind bitcoin, the concept of blockchain has only been mentioned in the past two or three years, although as early as 2009, "Nakamoto Tsung" released bitcoin. After this wave of digital currency boom, the concept of blockchain technology has really entered the eyes of all walks of life. I'm afraid it's too early to mention the wide application of blockchain technology, which is still in a very early stage of development. However, e to the arrival of the boom, many technicians and teams have contributed their efforts to build some blockchain concept projects“ Needless to say, as the first application of blockchain technology, bitcoin of "Zhongben cong" has realized the function of distributed ledger, which can realize the first decentralized value transmission of human beings. It can be said that it is "blockchain 1.0". Then Ethereum invented the smart contract, which extended the function of blockchain technology to build applications. It is well deserved to be defined as "blockchain 2.0". However, the blockchain concept projects that came out later did not realize this leap forward role, but only improved to a certain extent at the application level, so they can not be called "blockchain 3.0"
so what is "blockchain 3.0"? Maybe bitcoin OS is the answer: an operation system that is completely based on blockchain technology and follows the concept of blockchain technology. In the 1980s, before Microsoft released the windows operating system, personal computers and Internet technology were still in a non systematic state and could not be popularized. After the release, personal computers were allowed to enter ordinary people's homes, making PC and Internet universal application procts. Recently, bitcoin OS team announced the implementation of the bifurcations of bitcoin and Ethereum on Christmas day, so as to officially publish the plan of developing blockchain OS
anyone who knows a little bit about blockchain technology knows that bitcoin solves the problem of account book, while Ethereum is a smart contract to realize application expansion. Later, a team will launch a distributed storage project. But these systems with only a single functional mole are not "operating systems". The traditional definition of operating system is a huge management and control program, which includes five management functions: process and processor management, job management, storage management, device management and file management. In fact, the OS based on blockchain does not need to change all the five functional blocks into distributed ones, as long as the parts related to the external transmission of value and information can be decentralized and distributed. Therefore, the blockchain operating system should have at least three functions of "account system management, computing resource management and storage resource management", which can realize distributed ledger, edge computing and edge storage. Although it is still too early to define the instry standard in this way, bitcoin OS team is committed to realizing the blockchain OS possessed by these three functional blocks first, and then improving it through iteration
according to the bitcoin OS team, the name "bitcoin OS" is actually "blockchain OS", which is named after "bitcoin", which is also a tribute to the inventor "Satoshi Nakamoto". At present, from the technical details given by the bitcoin OS team, we may be able to see some aspects of this "blockchain 3.0" project
firstly, the management function of the account book system supports locating the ownership of resources according to the account ID, such as the private key; Computing resource management can obtain corresponding computing resources according to the demand, support edge computing, and share distributed computing power. In addition, storage resource management can use storage resources according to the demand, and support edge storage. Compared with bitcoin OS, Ethereum only supports account system and smart contract, which can not meet the distribution of distributed computing tasks. Ethereum only supports the fair execution of contract code, let alone the management of storage resources. So Ethereum is only a custom calculator
in addition, it is worth mentioning that bitcoin OS self customized enhanced smart contract. It supports two modes, which are more flexible and efficient
1. Central computing mode: the outgoing node is responsible for executing the smart contract, and both the incoming parameters and the output results support sipfs to be stored in the storage node
Distributed computing mode: ordinary nodes can claim computing tasks, input parameters and output results support sipfs storage to storage nodesfinally, we also need to mention the built-in sipfs super interstellar file system of bitcoin OS. Sipfs can realize the decentralized storage of technical input parameters and output parameters. At the same time, the file has a life cycle, and the DNA description of the file descriptor is recorded on the blockchain. The file descriptor of sipfs does not exist on the blockchain, but it will be stored in a separate file descriptor data file. After the end of the file life cycle, the blockchain will automatically delete the file descriptor, Realize the intelligent slimming of blockchain
"blockchain 3.0" is worth looking forward to, and bitcoin OS team, as the vanguard, is worth paying attention to and encouraging. We are looking forward to the real blockchain operating system
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
if you have MBA related questions, you are welcome to contact me personally&# 180;&# 65381;&# 7447;&# 65381;` ) Bixin~~~~
Specifically, users can share the idle storage space and bandwidth resources of cat disk, and these resources will be output to companies such as content, video, game, blockchain, etc. cat disk company will convert the legal currency and various digital currencies paid by the latter into bitcoin, and users will get the corresponding bitcoin income. This is also the unique mining mode of cat disk
why reward bitcoin
because similar procts on the market reward users with points, diamonds and other rights and interests issued by relevant companies, and most of these rights and interests are of low or no value. In addition, those projects that once seemed to be hot are now almost withered, and the early players may benefit, while the late players will lose all their money
as we know, bitcoin is the anchor currency in the digital currency world. Cat disk directly uses bitcoin to motivate users, and users can pick up the coin to their wallet at any time, and their income can be guaranteed. Moreover, the risk of bitcoin breaking is almost zero, and the user's income will be more lasting and stable
how is the mining income distributed when it comes to distribution, we should first introce the concept of "storage power", which is directly linked to the income of cat disk users. Storage power is an index based on users' shared storage space, bandwidth and online time. The larger the storage space, the faster the bandwidth speed and the longer the online time, the larger the storage power, and vice versa the cat disk gains revenue by sharing storage bandwidth resources, and users can check the revenue through app every day, that is, how much bitcoin they earn. The profit distribution of maopan mining is not random, but through a series of calculations. In short, users' daily income depends on their personal storage capacity, all users' storage capacity and the amount of money issued each day. The calculation formula is as follows: single user's daily income = single user's daily storage capacity / all users' daily storage capacity * Daily currency amount it can be seen that users' daily income is positively correlated with the daily storage capacity index and the daily currency amount, and negatively correlated with all users' daily storage capacity index what is the amount of money issued every day the cat disk integrates the storage and bandwidth resources shared by users, provides storage and bandwidth services to the demander, and converts various digital currencies paid by the other party into bitcoin for distribution to users. How much bitcoin is issued every day depends on the actual business situation, so there is no way to give specific figures for the time being. What we can make clear is that, unlike other mining procts, cat disk does not issue its own currency or restrict the mining of a specific kind or several kinds of currency. Instead, it earns various digital currencies paid by others. These currencies are all market currency. Cat disk converts these currencies into bitcoin and distributes them to users note that all the currencies are negotiable, and the more storage nodes, the more business, the higher the overall mining revenue; For other mining procts, the amount of money that can be mined is limited or issued by the owner. With the passage of time, there will be more and more mining machines, and the mining income will be less and less
1. Asia and the Middle East will actively promote blockchain
2. Network security requirements will drive the popularization of blockchain
3 - all instries will fully invest in blockchain application technology
4 - automation and privatization are coming.
The center is Yuzhong District. The core of Chongqing's main urban area, especially Jiefangbei Chaotianmen business district
the main urban area of Chongqing, which is called the metropolitan area in Chongqing's urban and rural master plan, covers an administrative area of 5472.68km2, including Yuzhong District, Dakou District, Jiangbei District, Nan'an District, Shapingba District, Jiulongpo District, Beibei District, Yubei district and Banan District. Metropolitan area is the core carrier of the National Central City and the political, economic, cultural, transportation and financial center of the whole city
Yuzhong District is the mother city of Chongqing and the seat of Chongqing municipal government. Shapingba District is the cultural and ecational District of Chongqing. Beibei District was the relocation area of Chongqing ring the period of the Republic of China. It was once the seat of the Executive Yuan and the presidential palace of the Republic of China. Banan District and Yubei district were originally Ba County and Jiangbei County, which are the mother counties of Chongqing. Their status is similar to Minhang District and Baoshan District in Shanghai or Fengtai District and Tongzhou District in Beijing
extended data:
at the beginning of its establishment in 1929, Chongqing's "city" area was 2.4 square kilometers. After more than 80 years of development, Chongqing's built-up area expanded more than 200 times. By the end of 2009, the built-up area of Chongqing's main city had reached 481 square kilometers
Since 1997, e to the special structure of Chongqing, the main urban area of Chongqing, which is similar to the concept of economic and cultural transportation of the municipality directly under the central government, has been formedthis concept is often associated with "old Chongqing area" (Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, commonly known as nine districts and twelve counties) and "Chongqing Municipality" (38 districts and counties in Chongqing), 95 square kilometers)
Since Chongqing became a municipality directly under the central government for the first time in 1939, the main urban area of Chongqing was the original administrative area of Chongqing in the Republic of China, which remained until the liberation From 1950 to 1980, Chongqing was first reced from a municipality directly under the central government to a city under separate planning, and then to a prefecture level city. Its administrative area expanded to the sum of the nine districts in the main city of Chongqing plus Changshou District, Qijiang district and Shuangqiao District (Note: Shuangqiao District was incorporated into Dazu District in 2011)since the 1980s, the cities separately listed in Chongqing's recovery plan, Jiangjin administrative Commissioner's office of Sichuan Province and eight counties in Yongchuan area (Jiangjin County, Bishan County, Yongchuan County, Hechuan County, Tongnan County, Tongliang County, Rongchang County, Dazu County) have been merged into Chongqing and become a part of Chongqing
The status of these counties in Chongqing is similar to that of Qingpu, Chongming and Jiading in Shanghai; Baodi and Jinghai in Tianjin or Miyun and Yanqing in Beijing are similar to Huangpi in Wuhan, Lin'an and Jiande in Hangzhou, Conghua and Zengcheng in Guangzhousource of reference: Internet - main urban area of Chongqing