Several outstanding consensus algorithms of public blockchain

1.

blockchain includes public blockchain, joint (instry) blockchain and private blockchain. Public chain point-to-point e-cash system: bitcoin, smart contract and decentralized application platform: Ethereum

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. In essence, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of bitcoin network transaction information, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

extended data

according to the different degree of blockchain network centralization, three kinds of blockchains under different application scenarios are differentiated:

1. The blockchain with the whole network open and without user authorization mechanism is called public chain

2. The authorized nodes are allowed to join the network, and the information can be viewed according to the authority. It is often used in the inter agency blockchain, which is called alliance chain or instry chain

3. All the nodes in the network are in the hands of one organization, which is called private chain

alliance chain and private chain are also called licensing chain, and public chain is called non licensing chain

blockchain features

1, decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain

2. Openness. Blockchain technology is based on open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention

4. Safety. As long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily manipulated and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5. Anonymity. Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information can be transferred anonymously

2. There are many consensus mechanisms in the blockchain. The advantage of the pow consensus mechanism behind bitcoin, the most influential one, is that it is secure and can not be tampered with. The disadvantage is that it is too slow to process only seven transactions a second

3. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system, which can be used to register and issue digital assets, property rights certificates, points, etc., and transfer, pay and trade in a point-to-point manner. Compared with the traditional centralized ledger system, blockchain system has the advantages of complete disclosure, tamper proof, multiple payment prevention, and does not rely on any trusted third party
e to the high network delay in peer-to-peer network, the transaction order observed by each node can not be completely consistent. Therefore, the blockchain system needs to design a mechanism to reach a consensus on the sequence of transactions that occur in the same time. This algorithm to reach consensus on the order of transactions in a time window is called consensus mechanism
-- chainknow

4. 1. Pow (proof of work) workload proof
one sentence introction: the more you do, the more you get
2. POS proof of stake
in a word: the more you hold, the more you get< Pbft: practical Byzantine fault tolerance
3. Pbft: practical Byzantine fault tolerance
Introction: it provides (n-1) / 3 fault tolerance on the premise of ensuring the activity and safety< Dbft: Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm authorized by delegated BFT
Introction: dbft mechanism adopted by ant is that bookkeepers are selected by rights and interests, and then bookkeepers reach a consensus through Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm
5. Pool verification pool
is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism
chainnova is a blockchain company. I feel it's very good. Although I don't know any hash algorithm, I still know a little bit.

5. At present, there are four main types of consensus mechanisms: pow, POS, dpos, pool
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.

2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence

3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist

4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation

it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
- - - - - - - -
PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible

it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes

so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.

6. I just came into contact with this project recently. I hope it can help you
FST network is a blockchain application technology service platform, which is committed to further application of blockchain. Its pillar proct FST network engine mole is an infrastructure built for enterprises to save development time. The FST network engine mole, through comprehensive molar logic construction, allows anyone to manage the certificate business without coding environment, reces the threshold of the blockchain development community, and saves the development cycle.

7. Generally speaking, the competition of blockchain public chain is fierce now, because the public chain project is the foundation of blockchain ecology, and the public chain is a super project with huge system, extremely complex and extremely difficult. At present, the overall market situation is similar to that in the early days of the computer system, which started with the development of technology; Linux operating system and UNIX (Younis) are changing, but in the end, windows dominates and apple OS coexists for a long time< br /> 
at present, Ethereum and EOS are the most popular public chains. However, the market value of EOS has plummeted after its epic loophole recently, which has been downplayed by many media. Often the most promising at the beginning may not win in the end. Recently, because of their innovative consensus algorithm, they proposed quite innovative CPOs and focused on a new public chain project

their name is gaiaworld public chain, and their CPOs consensus algorithm is their core technology. Specific technical details can go to the official website to see the white paper, in short, TPS speed has reached a new height, faster than Ethereum, and can support the layout of large projects< br /> 
at the same time, they have innovated two other technologies. Parallel chain technology can make it easier for other developers to release side chains, and then aegis protocol, which is a specific smart contract protocol&# 160;< br /> 
now there are so many air projects, it's really hard to distinguish the good from the bad, but I think the technology platform is the future
hope to adopt

8. The general itinerary of the group period is as follows:
Pattaya—— One day tour of Shami Island—— Pattaya & Chen 134; Location of Du Lala's promotion; Thai massage
after breakfast, drive to the [Shami Island National Marine Nature Reserve scenic area] of Luo Yong mansion to launch a wonderful one-day tour of Shami island. Take a boat to sea, and the sea and sky are the same. You will be intoxicated with the embrace of nature. The blue sky and green sea are accompanied by the boundless coast, and the waves and bubbles rush to the beach. We have prepared beach reclining chairs for you. You can change into the most beautiful swimsuit, enjoy the embrace of the sea, sunbathe, blow the sea breeze, enjoy the leisurely island scenery, relax yourself, forget all the worldly noise, and enjoy the rare holiday from this paradise. At noon, you can enjoy the fresh seafood on the island. The original flavor will make you have endless aftertaste. In the afternoon, take a speedboat back to enjoy the world-famous night city of Pattaya. Before dark, we can also visit the water town of Sihe Town, the newly developed and most popular location of Du Lala's promotion. There are a variety of unique local procts in the water market, which will make you happy. Then arrange the ancient Thai massage. The ancient Thai massage is similar to the traditional Chinese massage. Regular massage of acupoints can also relax the muscles and activate the collaterals. Specially arrange a 1-hour course of treatment to make you healthy and refreshing.