Three blockchains in the world
In the past, when it comes to blockchain, we always think of foreign procts, such as Ethereum. But when I talk about this topic today, I think more about China's own blockchain technology
at present, the mature application of blockchain technology is more concentrated in some public chain projects, because many application projects need to be developed based on this, so I think the current global landing direction is public chain projects, and it is still too early to talk about maturity. After all, bitcoin and Ethereum are still blocked, and many old problems have not been solved, There will be many new problems. The well-known ones are Biyuan chain, ulord (the project is abroad, but the technical party provides it in the domestic company, Hunan Tianhe Guoyun Co., Ltd.), quantum chain, Xiaoyi Neo, gongxinbao, etc
ulord is a point-to-point value delivery public chain. By building the underlying architecture of blockchain and digital resource distribution protocol, it supports third-party developers to build their own applications on top of their open source protocol, and works with many instry partners to build a complete ecosystem of blockchain technology and applications
based on various rules and protocols created by ulord, it is convenient to graft various digital resource application scenarios including text, pictures, music, video, software, etc., providing a direct docking platform for information creators and consumers. Third party developers can build their own economic system in ulord, or focus on building all kinds of applications around ulord, and use the ulordtoken in ulord as the voucher in the system
for example, an experience sharing platform can be built on ulord, where the experience sharers price the published experience, and the people who obtain the experience information trade on the platform, and each fee paid to the experience sharers will arrive at the account immediately; Proct promoters can publish ads on ulord, price ads, and people who are interested in ads can get certain profits by clicking on ads. The first mock exam is to separate information from the past, and to use platform or other centralized organizations to spread profit. This mode eliminates intermediate links, and information providers and consumers directly connect with Ulord, which ensures the maximization of the interests of the originator. p>
Blockchain includes public blockchain, joint (instry) blockchain and private blockchain. Public chain point-to-point e-cash system: bitcoin, smart contract and decentralized application platform: Ethereum
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. In essence, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of bitcoin network transaction information, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
extended data
according to the different degree of blockchain network centralization, three kinds of blockchains under different application scenarios are differentiated:
1. The blockchain with the whole network open and without user authorization mechanism is called public chain
2. The authorized nodes are allowed to join the network, and the information can be viewed according to the authority. It is often used in the inter agency blockchain, which is called alliance chain or instry chain
3. All the nodes in the network are in the hands of one organization, which is called private chain
alliance chain and private chain are also called licensing chain, and public chain is called non licensing chain
blockchain features
1, decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain
2. Openness. Blockchain technology is based on open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention
4. Safety. As long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily manipulated and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity. Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information can be transferred anonymously
1. Blockchain links
as the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into block head and block body (including transaction data). The block head includes the prevhash value (also known as hash value) of the previous block used to realize the block link and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the random number calculation rule determines which miner can obtain the right to record the block
2. Consensus mechanism
blockchain is accompanied by the birth of bitcoin, which is the basic technology architecture of bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. A decentralized digital currency system like bitcoin requires the consistency of accounting of honest nodes without a central node, which needs blockchain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of transactions between indivials without mutual trust without central control
there are four main types of consensus mechanisms in blockchain: pow, POS, dpos and distributed consistency algorithm
3. Unlocking script
script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and contract execution on blockchain. Every output of every transaction does not point to an address in the strict sense, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the asset locked on the output
the validation of transactions also depends on scripts. At present, it depends on two kinds of scripts: Lock script and unlock script. Locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is realized by a script language and located in the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only when the conditions required by the locking script are met can the assets corresponding to the script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed by script language. Interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs in every node of the blockchain network in a distributed way
4. Transaction rules
blockchain transaction is not only the basic unit of a block, but also the actual effective content recorded by the blockchain. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer, or the deployment of smart contracts and other transactions
as far as bitcoin is concerned, a transaction refers to a single payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty
2) for each input of a transaction, if its corresponding utxo output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is the transaction not recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from the confirmed utxo. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is Shuanghua trading
3) for each input in a transaction, the corresponding output must be utxo
4) each input unlocking script must verify the compliance of the transaction together with the corresponding output locking script
5. Transaction priority
the priority of blockchain transaction is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For bitcoin, the priority of a transaction to be included in a block is determined by the time when the transaction is broadcast to the network and the amount of the transaction. With the increase of transaction broadcast time on the network and the increase of transaction chain age, the priority of transaction will be improved and eventually be included by the block. For Ethereum, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority that the transaction is included in the block
6. Merkle proof
the original application of Merkle proof is bitcoin, which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proof to store transactions in each block. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, but also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block
7. RLP
RLP (recursive length prefix) is one of the main encoding methods of object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.
in 2016, we moved the headquarters of the foundation to Geneva to provide comprehensive capacity-building for young leaders who are interested in environmental protection and entrepreneurship through "project funding", "institutional funding" and "green Ambassador Program for college students", to support environmental protection, ecate and appeal to the public to support and participate in the improvement of social environment together with people from all walks of life, Jointly explore the future direction of environmental protection development, and strive to build a green earth
in 2017, we launched a digital currency project based on blockchain Technology: Green entrepreneurship coin. The issuing rate of green entrepreneurship coin is reced by half every five years according to the equal ratio sequence, and the total amount is about 8 billion. The number of one green entrepreneurship coin per capita in the world can be popularized more quickly and realize global circulation, Let the value and function of digital currency truly reflect
in the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution and shortage of natural resources, the world environmental entrepreneurship foundation promises to provide more opportunities for young people and enterprises who care about and love the environment and are willing to start their own businesses, so as to promote the orderly development of the world with practical actions
mission and vision
we believe that positive action will bring about change
we present the environmental entrepreneurship projects we support to the public to enhance the awareness and understanding of the whole society in a positive way
We support executable environmental entrepreneurship projects
in promoting the project, we will fully respect democracy and seek solutions that are fair to different regions and classes in the world<
mission
the world environmental entrepreneurship foundation is committed to supporting the development of the world environmental protection instry by sponsoring environmental entrepreneurship projects, so as to promote the sustainable solution of world environmental problems. Since its establishment, the foundation has provided comprehensive capacity-building for young leaders who are interested in environmental protection and entrepreneurship through "project funding", "institutional funding" and "green Ambassador Program for college students"; Environmental publicity has been carried out in many colleges and universities in China to fund the environmental protection actions of youth teams
objective
in the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution and shortage of natural resources, the world environmental entrepreneurship foundation, in line with the vision and mission of environmental protection, promises to support environmental protection with people from all walks of life and take practical actions to promote the orderly development of the world. The foundation will vigorously support and promote various environmental entrepreneurship projects, ecate and appeal to the public to support and participate in the improvement of social environment, jointly explore the direction of future environmental development, and strive to build a green earth.
GEC is a pyramid selling project in the form of virtual currency“ "GEC environmental protection coin" has been attracting more and more people, and the mode of developing funds by pulling down the line does exist“ "GEC environmental protection coin" is similar to the trading mode of environmental protection coin, which has touched the bottom line of some laws. It is similar to the mode of pyramid scheme. It uses high income to attract users. In the end, because it does not generate profits, or the income can not cover the expenditure, it can only evolve into a game of carrying sedan chair. It is more likely to drum and pass on flowers. Investors are advised to be vigilant
if you need to develop offline, you can get online revenue. This business model is very similar to MLM. The virtual currency of GEC environmental protection currency is a new currency designed by its behind the scenes controllers. The legitimacy of its transaction has not been recognized, so investors are advised not to participate
extended information:
"GEC environmental protection coin" is obviously in line with the nature of pyramid scheme
one is to attract customers with extremely high returns and declare that they only go up but not go down, which has great attraction to investors
the second is to build the head MLM framework, build the membership mode, and realize the viral sales of GEC
Third, its sales and operation dare not be exposed to the "sunshine", but only through private means such as wechat group, which has the attributes of high concealment and avoiding supervision All in all, the income model of "GEC eco currency" has seriously deviated from the nature of bitcoin like assets, and even violated relevant laws and regulations. It is suggested that investors should guard against similar virtual currency investment model. This kind of mode can be identified as ICO, the core is illegal ICO, and the means is MLM modeas a platform with the highest currency price in cloud mining machine project, GEC has been imitated all the time<
10 RMB miner digs 11 RMB in 30 days
100 RMB miner digs 120 RMB in 30 days
1000 RMB miner digs 1300 RMB in 30 days
10000 RMB miner digs 14000 RMB in 30 days
in fact, this is a static income. With the currency price unchanged, your interest rate in one month is between 10% and 40%, which can be increased dozens of times in one year after re investment. In addition, the currency price promised by the platform will always increase steadily, One year's income is estimated to be hundreds of times, who is not interested
in order to quickly develop to members, all cloud mining machine projects are registered to proce 11 yuan per month. Because there is no money in the early opening market, people who want to invest can not receive money, so they can only continuously raise the price of money. One month later, a large number of sheep and wool parties began to sell goods, and investors wanted to buy at a low price, resulting in the continuous decline of money price,, The more severe the drop, the more people sell. Until all platforms sell at a low price, no one dares to continue to close. This is why most platforms die within two months. Even after barely spending the first two months, there are still a large number of new users registering every day. Every new user means 11 more free coins. The increase of wool coins will make it difficult for the price of coins to rise
GEC and eco have lived a long time since last year. I'm not advertising for them here, but I don't recommend you to play, because they are basically taking orders
in March this year, a lot of crowdfunding cloud mining machine projects were launched. It can be said that all of them were dead, and they couldn't survive for a week. It was a complete scam. They are all under the guise of crowdfunding 3 points and opening 1 yuan. After all, it costs a lot to buy coins from other users, and the proceres are complicated. If you buy tens of thousands of coins directly from the platform, the cost is low and the profit is large. In the case of too few user groups, a large number of coins appear, which will only break and will not grow. In addition, platform crowdfunding makes a lot of money, and they don't pay attention to the development of the platform. They just think about how to get away from it. Many crowdfunding platforms close their websites and disband their groups after crowdfunding
everyone can build such a website. If you can program, you may only need to spend less than 1000 yuan to buy a set of source code on Taobao. Revise it yourself
if the programming is blank, you need to spend about 2W RMB to buy a full set of templates and services< As like as two peas as like as two peas as like as two peas, Br />
this is why all cloud mine machine models are exactly the same, the frames are exactly the same, what the contents are exactly the same, even the mine machine icons have their own logo. Such a platform is not a blockchain project at all. The amount of money is controlled by the platform itself. To make money on the platform, it is to sell money to investors secretly. Many people have changed from investors to fleecers just because they know the trick
the so-called trading platform is just a joke. A currency that doesn't even have a digital wallet, and a currency that can change the quantity at will, which exchange will accept it
what is your personal thinking? Making a sum is a sum. You can't think for a long time, and you can't add new functions to the platform. Therefore, I personally suggest that you should be careful when investing in this cloud mining platform, especially if it doesn't run smoothly. Even a better server is reluctant to invest. How can we develop this platform with our heart
If a platform wants to develop for a long time, it is not the same layer. It needs to be adjusted according to the development situation in different periods. The most important thing is to have actual application scenarios. No matter bitcoin or these air coins are supported by actual application scenarios, they will graally disappear with the passage of time.
1. You can find a nearby securities company near home (such as Galaxy Securities, China Merchants Securities, etc.) whose securities business department has bank securities transfer, third-party deposit bank and bank card business. During trading hours in the securities business hall, the ID card and bank card of the stock market are opened to shareholders (the registration fee for shareholder account card is generally 90 yuan, Also some business department, business department free of charge) to your customer account (capital account trading system is generally used); The trading time of stocks is 9:30-11:30 from Monday to Friday (closed on holidays), and the auction time is 13:00-15:00. 9: 15-9:25, 9:25-9:30
2. Online transaction proceres
3. Open the third-party deposit business of Yinzheng special sheet; I have to be more than 3 (ID) as far as I am concerned, there is no organization
4. Download securities trading software companies (such as market analysis software, great wisdom, tongdachen, etc.) to install on the computer& lt; The customer's capital account logs into the online trading system
generally, after entering the system, the securities company that transfers bank funds through securities can buy stocks. Shenzhen account can buy stocks on the same day, and buy stocks in Shanghai on the second trading day. The day to buy stocks can only sell the second trading day (T + 1), money to sell stocks, the day can buy stocks, before the second trading day they can go to the bank (T + 1), go to the bank, you can take immediate action<
stock selection skills:
we should focus on the overall stock index and stock market, judge the future trend from the following three aspects: stock index and stock selection evaluation; The market information behind the index (weak or strong) is hidden; Rhythm, buy low, sell high, rece the cost of positions. In particular, we should seriously implement the stock assessment. Second, how to identify the stock can be carried out from the following aspects: (1) buy a small amount, buy and sell big, and the stock price does not fall& lt; 2) The volume of buying and selling was small, and the stock price rose slightly
(3) break through the trend line again& gt; 4) It had already propped up a huge market, and the trading volume was still rising strongly the next day& gt; 5) When the market sideways consolidation, strengthen the stock market rebound, down or back down 7) Regular and long-term stock prices rose slightly
(8) stocks that have fallen sharply (within the scope of technical adjustment)& lt; 9) After ex dividend and shares. On the basis of cycle selection, we can choose the stock investment cycle according to our own capital and investment preference. So how do you make money? First of all, the correct attitude, do not want to buy stocks will immediately double, and according to the operating rules of the stock market, slowly make them accumulate wealth; Secondly, we should be familiar with the technical analysis and grasp the buying and selling points; Third, experience is very important and it will be his heart.