Policies on blockchain

1. China's local policies have been introced, which series of related policies? This is not very clear. Is this a national document?

2. Yes, since the central government emphasized that the blockchain should be regarded as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technology and accelerated the development of blockchain technology and instry innovation, many places have issued relevant policies to seize the air of blockchain instry. If you want to know more about blockchain, you can pay attention to huocoin University, which also has online live classes.

3. As a mechanism of allocating social resources, law is determined by the objective requirements of social and economic development and directly affects the whole process of economic operation. It can simplify the complexity of social relations, save transaction costs, and help social members conct transactions safely, normatively and orderly
based on the legal framework, the blockchain technology makes the transaction information more secure and transparent, and the data more traceable through the pre-set automatic execution of intelligent contracts, which greatly reces the cost of law enforcement, presents the situation that the law and technology complement each other, and the law and economy are integrated, which makes the legal constraints and enforcement graally move towards intelligence
what is blockchain
blockchain is an innovative application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies in the Internet era
blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. It is a series of data blocks associated with cryptography. Each data block contains the information of effective confirmation of multiple bitcoin network transactions, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
foreign legal regulations on blockchain
as the blockchain technology itself is still in the exploration stage and has not been applied on a large scale, only some countries have enacted special legislation on blockchain technology< In the United States, Vermont and Arizona have passed bills to clearly define and support blockchain technology for public use. The bill stipulates the use specifications of blockchain and smart contract, and states that all data related to blockchain are "considered as electronic format and become electronic records", which is recognized by the state
UK
distributed ledger Technology: beyond blockchain mentions that the UK federal government will invest in blockchain technology to analyze the potential of blockchain application in traditional financial instry
Singapore
the government supports financial technology enterprises such as blockchain technology, and has launched a regulatory sandbox to provide a more tolerant development environment for blockchain start-ups
China's legal regulation on blockchain
in addition to the above-mentioned policies on blockchain itself, a series of regulatory provisions have been issued internationally for virtual currencies such as bitcoin
in our country, in addition to the policies on the transaction and financing of bitcoin and other virtual currencies, the government has also issued many policy regulations on blockchain
on December 27, 2016, blockchain technology was listed in the notice of the State Council on printing and distributing the 13th five year plan for national informatization. At the same time, the State Council also issued a document "China's blockchain instry is expected to walk in the forefront of the world" to support the healthy development of blockchain
it is mentioned in the guidance of the general office of the State Council on actively promoting the innovation and application of supply chain that we should study and use emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain. Promote the organic docking of various supply chain platforms, and strengthen the disclosure and sharing of credit rating, credit record, risk warning, illegal and dishonest behavior and other information< In the eyes of lawyers, the legal risks of blockchain technology
as a distributed system, blockchain is an innovative application in the field of technology. According to the current exploration results, its technical concept can bring great changes to the development of various instries
however, as the law has not yet issued clear instry standards and applicable norms for blockchain, there are still problems such as national supervision and legal regulation in the future
taking bitcoin as a typical digital currency as an example, the first problem we face is supervision. Bitcoin and other digital currencies based on blockchain technology are logically decentralized and opposed to centralized supervision
secondly, the application of blockchain technology has to face huge risks. Taking bitcoin as an example, loss, theft, attack, speculation, money laundering and all kinds of disturbances, doubts and events have been accompanied by the development of bitcoin
the wide application of blockchain technology is inseparable from smart contract, which defines commitment in the form of digital coding. The two sides of the transaction do not need to trust each other, all transactions are enforced by the code
however, the validity of the form and content of smart contract has not been formally recognized by the law and the judiciary. As the contract text in the form of digital coding, it is not clear whether it can constitute the elements of an effective contract and whether it can meet the authenticity, legality and validity of the evidence to be accepted by the judiciary
e to the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, its own rules are bound to conflict and contradict with social rules and national legal rules. It is precisely conflicts and contradictions, risks and problems that can stimulate motivation and imagination, including that of society, the state and indivials
in the process of transaction, virtual currency based on the application of blockchain technology has posed great challenges to the legal tender and financial system of various countries, and caused investment risks and even social problems.

4.

bus line: Metro Line 2, the whole journey is about 3.4 km

1. Walk about 10 meters from Beijing station to Beijing station

2. Take Metro Line 2, pass through 2 stations to Qianmen station

3. Walk about 720 meters to the National Museum of China

5.

This year, bitcoin's information is very popular. First, it has attracted people's attention e to the huge increase since this year. Then, the price has plummeted e to the change of management attitude in some countries. Finally, it ends with closing the trading platform. It is reported that Dongfang and other places have also restricted the trading of bitcoin

Is bitcoin and other digital currencies valuable? Of course, there are, of course, no, because the value of anything can only be shown in its own society, which is the soil and foundation. Therefore, its value depends on the monetary attribute of a society. If a country's currency is only for providing credit and serving the people's life, it has value. If a country's currency, like the Korean won, serves the three generals' own throne, its value is zero. Because it can't function as the Korean won or even hurt the Korean won, its value must be zero. There is not much reason to say. For example, the capital of some countries flows freely, which is suitable for the survival of bitcoin. You can transfer your bitcoin to any country in the world; However, the capital of some countries is regulated, which conflicts with the transnational flow of bitcoin and determines its fate

The change of rules has changed the fate of bitcoin, and it will also change the fate of the "middle class"

"middle class" is an imported word, but many people feel that if they don't use a few foreign words, it seems that they are not good enough. So, what is the basis of this word? The foundation is that the society has a credit foundation. After the glorious revolution, Britain established a series of social systems, including improving the parliamentary system, the bill of rights, the gold standard system, and so on. With these social foundations, private property is effectively protected, and the middle class is born, because your property will always be yours. Before that, Britain was in a monarchy society. The king had the right to collect private property, and also had the right to transfer private property to the monarchy by means of increasing taxes and devaluing the currency. Private property could not be protected. At this time, there was no so-called "middle class", because after the property was collected, there were only poor farmers. Just like in the early days of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, if you lived in Zhili area with hundreds of acres of fertile land and married a wife, it was probably equivalent to "middle class". However, the horses of the children of the Eight Banners ran by, and the land and even the wife (if beautiful) belonged to others. Therefore, you were originally a pseudo middle class, or never a middle class

if there are no rules and credit basis in a society, we should not say "property"

I have been saying that this is a turning point in society, and it is particularly important to change one's thinking. The value of intangible assets far exceeds that of tangible assets. If we want to live well in the future, we must construct our own rights, especially monopoly rights. In fact, any society is the same. The rich in Europe and America are just the result of constructing their own rights. The more successful they are, the higher their status will be. In today's turning era, rules will change all the time. After the rules change, tangible property has no ability to protect itself. Only intangible property can protect itself. Many people think that they have several houses, that is, the rich or the middle class. Not to mention the core cities, because the situation of these cities is very complicated. We can only say that there are many third - and fourth tier cities with continuous net population outflow in Northeast, northwest, North China, southwest and other places. It seems that several houses are worth 1.8 million or even millions, but the change of rules can make them lose their value instantly. It's not as good as a professional technician with relatively high skills. The watershed is a piece of paper, that is, prohibition. In such a city, it's hard to rent out. In the future, it may have to be taxed. After it can't be sold, we can only consider the use of functions. We can plan like this: the wife lives in one place, the children live in one place, and then they live in one place. It's very suitable for complete separation

isn't that the meaning of "middle class" in this situation? Fate depends on that piece of paper. If there is no labor skills, it is estimated that it is difficult to live

this is the time to change our thinking. This is a good time, because when we can trade, the house still has a high value. The high value does not lie in the colorful banknotes. After several years, these banknotes can completely lose their purchasing power, but in the fact that these banknotes can help build their own rights at that time. Once the conversion can not be completed in time, when the paper comes out, it is likely to become a burden. As for how to build their own rights, it can be said that every tunnel has their own tricks, including improving or upgrading their knowledge and skills, building more perfect barriers to their business, entering key jobs, and so on

where there are no perfect rules, if you think you have some assets, you should call yourself a middle class, which is wrong. You should call yourself a pseudo middle class, and turn yourself into intangible assets when you can confuse the real with the fake. This is the real real property class, otherwise, the pseudo middle class may end up without property. If you think about the fate of bitcoin, you will be relieved

6. The application of blockchain finance is the key field that it plays a role in reality. The financial instry needs such high-end technology, and the traditional mode of operation will have profound changes because of such technology. The application of blockchain finance has many distinctive characteristics, which makes people talk about it with relish. Moreover, it attracts people's attention because of the actual effect, which has a growing impact

Abstract: developed countries and technology companies have been ahead in the research and application of blockchain technology. From the perspective of patent application, there may be a gap of about one and a half years between China and the United States in terms of blockchain technology. Based on the above situation, how can China achieve "asymmetric" catch-up? First of all, we should see the situation clearly, seize the opportunity and meet the challenge. Secondly, after understanding the necessity of building the bottom layer of the blockchain for the existing business and future development of the financial instry, a consensus of "China's financial blockchain alliance" was reached among financial enterprises. Finally, we should work together to meet the change

how to understand blockchain

bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system. In 2009, after the paper was published, bitcoin was born as a virtual currency in the digital world of the Internet. At present, bitcoin's total market value is about US $6.5 billion. Although its market value is constantly changing, it is still the largest virtual currency in the world

another important concept is blockchain. Blockchain is an underlying technology of bitcoin, and bitcoin is only an application of blockchain. As we all know, bitcoin can achieve point-to-point value transmission. In addition to bitcoin blockchain, there are many other blockchains, such as Ethereum blockchain. Therefore, we should distinguish the concepts of bitcoin, bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain technology

at present, there are several misunderstandings about blockchain. Blockchain can be described in English as "decentralized blockchain", in which decentralized is translated as "decentralized". However, I think that the blockchain has realized the value dissemination without intermediary, that is, the point-to-point value dissemination. This does not mean that after entering the era of blockchain, there is no need for the center, but it should develop from a single centralization to the parallel between centers. Then, the existing center is likely to become a sub center or weak center. At present, all banks have their own data centers. If the financial blockchain alliance is established in the future, they can become the nodes in the blockchain alliance, so the blockchain does not need a center<

blockchain does not need credit

we often see some articles that think that blockchain is to "de credit". In fact, blockchain is to build trust through consensus algorithm and ensure the correctness of transactions through consensus among nodes. Build trust with low cost through mathematics and algorithm, rather than "de credit". However, the digital asset transaction between people does not need two people to know each other, or trust each other, and does not need a third-party credit institution. It only needs everyone to trust the trusted network of blockchain

why is it credible? Because it is a distributed database, there is a set of consensus based mechanism: a set of encryption algorithm, making it tamperable. On the one hand, the public key makes the information transparent and traceable; On the other hand, private key can protect privacy

blockchain is not a mature technology, nor is it omnipotent. At present, blockchain technology is still in the early stage of development. At the beginning of this year, we sent a delegation to study in the blockchain Research Laboratory of Barclays in South Africa. At the seminar, experts on the African blockchain of Barclays believed that it would take at least five to ten years for the blockchain technology to become a truly mature technology. At present, blockchain has the disadvantages of relatively slow computing speed and small storage space, and not all data processing needs to use blockchain

the research and application of blockchain in foreign countries

we find that the old financial developed countries have been ahead in the research of blockchain technology. The British government believes that it is very important for the government to participate in the legislation of digital currency and blockchain network, and encourages in-depth research on blockchain technology. The UK government is actively evaluating the potential of blockchain technology and considering using it to rece financial fraud and cost. In addition, the UK government plans to develop applications that can be used between the government and public institutions

in February this year, the European Commission put crypto digital currency at the top of the fast development target area, which promoted the policy research of various institutions on digital currency. Technology companies are also ahead in the research of blockchain technology

IBM launched the "open ledger project" to develop enterprise level blockchain software structure, promote the commercial use of blockchain technology, and support the docking of external data through the bluemix and API infrastructure of IBM cloud computing platform. IBM still has a lot of practice in blockchain technology. Recently, it and a South Korean company have made creative experiments using blockchain technology and Internet of things, and achieved some results

Microsoft uses Azure Platform to provide users with "blockchain as a service", which enables R3 and its bank members to speed up the process of experiment and learning, and accelerate the development, testing and deployment of distributed accounts

Intel also released sawtoothlake, an efficient molar platform for building, deploying and running distributed ledger; At the same time, Intel also studies to create a trusted execution environment for hardware chips of blockchain applications, providing higher security and privacy< At the same time, Wall Street is taking positive actions. Although it was established relatively late, the core function of R3 is to formulate instry standards for the development of banking blockchain technology, explore practical uses, and establish banking blockchain alliance

from what we know, in addition to these two new companies catering to the arrival of digital finance era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology and building their own blockchain concept and technical team

at present, there are practical application cases of blockchain technology

in Canada, blockchain start-up blockchain Tech Ltd has been listed on the growth enterprise market of Toronto Stock Exchange; The Estonian government will launch the government's blockchain healthcare record

domestic attention and Research on blockchain technology

blockchain is an optional technology. Prior to that, the people's Bank of China also held a seminar on digital currency. In addition to the central bank, Zhejiang Province, Beijing and other relevant departments also expressed their support for blockchain application research last year

from the perspective of enterprises, Bubi blockchain has been applied to equity, supply chain, points and other fields, and is concting experiments and application tests with exchanges and banks. Bubi blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and procts, has a number of core technologies, and has developed its own blockchain service platform. Moreover, many blockchain innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises continue to emerge

in addition, a number of instry alliances are being established. In terms of financial institutions, the cases of blockchain application by large banks and financial institutions in China still need to be solved
by the end of 2015, Bank of America had obtained 15 patents on blockchain. There may be a gap of about a year and a half between China and the United States in blockchain technology
the application of blockchain finance is entering a new stage in an all-round way, various applications will be more and more in-depth, and the relevant changes will be more and more attention, and a great new trend will be formed.

7. There are both favorable policies and regulatory policies. It should be said that the two cannot be separated. They are both for the better development of blockchain. Now there are a lot of blockchain applications. Changsha high tech Zone has officially launched a blockchain project, which is called SMIC blockchain service platform. It is a government enterprise service platform. It cooperates with Bank of Changsha and Dean justice, and now it is the stage of collecting enterprises to go on the chain.

8. Now all over the world, especially in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and other cities, recently launched by the block chain instrial park of Changsha high tech Zone, there is a SMIC blockchain service platform project, which is a project of blockchain application landing, and is a blockchain + public service mode, and is soliciting enterprises to join the chain.

9. As early as 18 years ago, Changsha high tech Zone issued several policies of Changsha high tech Zone to promote the development of blockchain instry, which is now implemented as a project of SMIC blockchain platform.

10. There are many policies to support