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DDD blockchain
Publish: 2021-05-03 20:01:14
1. I plan to start a series to talk about architecture. My previous experience is mainly in the area of Internet architecture. Recently, I am sorting out and analyzing the architecture of bitcoin, Ethereum and EOS, so I am going to write a series of articles to talk about the understanding of Internet architecture and blockchain architecture. It will be divided into four articles: 1. Internet proct architecture, 2. Bitcoin architecture analysis, 3. Ethereum architecture analysis, 4. EOS architecture analysis
there is no central server in Ethereum. Instead, there are many equal nodes connected by P2P protocol, which store all the data in many nodes. When a user initiates a transaction, the transaction will be broadcast out through P2P protocol. The miner node verifies, packages and further broadcasts the transaction to the whole network. After confirmation in the blockchain, the operation is considered to be unchangeable
in the articles on blockchain on the Internet, the two words distributed and decentralized are mentioned, sometimes slightly different, sometimes mixed. The author thinks that if we want to distinguish accurately, the distributed system emphasizes that multiple components work together by sending messages, and the decentralized system emphasizes that there is no central node to control the operation of the whole system. Therefore, we think that Ethereum is both decentralized and distributed, or running a decentralized program on a distributed platform.
there is no central server in Ethereum. Instead, there are many equal nodes connected by P2P protocol, which store all the data in many nodes. When a user initiates a transaction, the transaction will be broadcast out through P2P protocol. The miner node verifies, packages and further broadcasts the transaction to the whole network. After confirmation in the blockchain, the operation is considered to be unchangeable
in the articles on blockchain on the Internet, the two words distributed and decentralized are mentioned, sometimes slightly different, sometimes mixed. The author thinks that if we want to distinguish accurately, the distributed system emphasizes that multiple components work together by sending messages, and the decentralized system emphasizes that there is no central node to control the operation of the whole system. Therefore, we think that Ethereum is both decentralized and distributed, or running a decentralized program on a distributed platform.
2. Blockchain creates conditions for the implementation of smart contracts. For example, according to the agreement, aircraft delay can be compensated, but the implementation needs to apply, audit and other cumbersome proceres. The smart contract supported by blockchain can be automatically executed in case of delay. This improvement in efficiency may completely change the status quo of contract implementation in many fields
for another example, blockchain may make the sharing economy really usher in the spring. In the combination with the Internet of things, after solving the trust problem, every enterprise's plant, equipment, and everyone's car and electric vehicle charging pile can be shared with ease under the application of blockchain, so as to rece the operation cost of the whole society
the evolution of blockchain and other technologies is full of opportunities and challenges, as well as unlimited possibilities. For example, HNB's upcoming offline payment is likely to change people's payment habits. This blockchain project has the possibility of changing consumption.
for another example, blockchain may make the sharing economy really usher in the spring. In the combination with the Internet of things, after solving the trust problem, every enterprise's plant, equipment, and everyone's car and electric vehicle charging pile can be shared with ease under the application of blockchain, so as to rece the operation cost of the whole society
the evolution of blockchain and other technologies is full of opportunities and challenges, as well as unlimited possibilities. For example, HNB's upcoming offline payment is likely to change people's payment habits. This blockchain project has the possibility of changing consumption.
3.
Leadership refers to the ability to make full use of human resources and objective conditions within the jurisdiction to achieve what is needed at the minimum cost and improve the efficiency of the whole group. The common leadership development methods include ceo12 leadership promotion, EMBA and EDP projects, etc
the research on leadership begins with the research on leadership. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the leadership trait theory focused on the personality traits of leaders, to the 1940s, the leadership behavior theory explored the specific behaviors of leaders in the process of leadership and the influence of different leadership behaviors on subordinates
The contingency theory of leadership (situational theory), which studies the potential influence of situational factors related to leadership behavior on leadership effectiveness in the 1960s, and the later leadership attribution theory, transactional and transformational theories, have graally expanded from indivial research on leaders' personality traits and behavior to the influence of situational interaction in the whole organization
the basic principles of leadership are as follows:
leadership is the art of how to be a person, not how to do things. Finally, the ability of a leader is determined by personal quality and personality. Leaders succeed through the efforts of the employees they lead. The basic task of leaders is to build a highly conscious and proctive work team
leadership ability is the sum of indivial quality, thinking mode, practical experience and leadership methods of leaders, which affect the effect of specific leadership activities. Leadership ability is the core of leaders' quality< br />
4. Contents of this guide
plug in configuration
graphics plug in configuration
sound plug in configuration
pad plug in configuration
CDVD plug in configuration
dev9 plug in configuration In configuration
USB plug-in configuration
FireWire plug-in configuration
BIOS configuration
CPU configuration
miscellaneous options configuration
setting pcsx2 < br />Pcsx2 currently has two versions: TLB version and VM (virtual memory) version. The execution file of TLB version is pcsx2t.exe, and that of VM version is pcsx2.exe. First, follow the recommended steps (type the user name, log off / log on, and restart the system) to try to run the VM version. If the program still cannot allocate memory, use TLB version. In terms of speed, the gap between the two is not big. Please don't worry too much
this is the main image interface (GUI) of pcsx2. Here, you can change the settings and plug-ins of pcsx2 according to your needs. Start with the settings option. You will see the following window (click to enlarge):
first you need to set up the directory of plug-ins and BIOS, so that pcsx2 can call plug-ins and BIOS in the corresponding directory. Therefore, if you do not use the default directories (/ plugins and / BIOS), you need to click these buttons to change them. The three buttons "set, test and about" under each plug-in are used to set the selected plug-in respectively; Test whether the plug-in works properly (this is a bit old-fashioned design, because if the plug-in appears in the list, it will work properly); And view the message of the selected plug-in
next, you will enter the specific plug-in settings<
Image
the version of pixel shaders supported by the image card
click this link to view (thanks to nachbrenner) GPU database
currently you can use the zeros v0.96.0 plug-in (from the interface plugins of pcsx2), which is a new Directx9 graphics plug-in. Only graphics cards that support pixel shader 2 can run
gsdx9 at v0.9.0, another plug-in based on Directx 9, written by gabest. The plug-in is usually faster than zerogs in 2D images, but it can also be slower than zerogs. If the graphics card does not support pixel shaders 2, be sure to use this plug-in. The above two plug-ins are included in the pcsx2 compressed package and do not need to be downloaded separately. Other plug-ins, such as gstaris, gssoft, gsmax, etc., will not appear in the list because they are out of date and will not be updated recently
select gsdx9 v0.9.0 and press the set button
first of all, gsdx9 has two versions, a normal version and a SSE2 version. Only when the processor supports SSE2 (Pentium 4 / core o or Athlon 64 / FX), the speed of SSE2 will be faster. Otherwise, the normal version must be used. Both sse1 and SSE2 are included in pcsx20.9
note: gsdx9 v0.9.0 has a bug in fixed pipeline and pixel shader 1.1, which will cause pixel shaders 1.1 color confusion. If the image card does not support high version of pixel coloring, then there will be color confusion in the game
resolution: in this drop-down menu, if you want gsdx9 to run in Windows mode, you can select "windowed". If you want gsdx9 to run in full screen mode, you can adjust the resolution and refresh rate here
shader: Here you can choose the shading method of graphics
Select & quot; Direct3D" In this case, gsdx9 will call the Direct3D function of the graphics card, which can significantly improve the simulation speed. At the same time, the compatibility of this mode is also quite good, so it is a very recommended option
Select & quot; Software(float)" In this case, gsdx9 will call the built-in software shader, and the CPU is not the image card. In this case, the simulation speed is extremely slow, but it has the highest compatibility. If there is a graphics bug in direct3 shader mode, you can consider the above options
Select & quot; Do not render" There will be no coloring, so there will be no display on the screen. Only in some special cases, such as listening to music, can we consider this option, because there will be quite high speed at this time
shader: here are five options:
if the image card does not support some of these modes, they will not appear in the drop-down menu
fixed pipeline: does not use pixel coloring technology. It is not recommended to use in version 0.90 because the color will be damaged
pixel shader 1.1: use pixel shader 1.1 to improve the image quality. It is not recommended to use in version 0.92 because the color will be damaged
pixel shader 1.4: use pixel shader 1.4 to improve the image quality
pixel shader 2.0: using pixel shader 2.0 can improve the image quality
pixel shader 3.0: using pixel shader 3.0 can improve the image quality. It is recommended to use image cards that support pixel coloring 3.0. High speed, high compatibility
enable palettized textures (D3D pixel coloring v2.0 +, slow speed): as mentioned above, you need to support pixel coloring 2 or higher image card, and use Direct3D to use this option normally. Select / deselect this option to enable / disable grid textures. When the textures used in a game are full of different grids, this mode will provide higher speed in some cases. But most of the time it's slow
linear texture filtering: Select / deselect this option to enable / disable linear texture filtering. If selected, the linear texture will be filtered to rece the "lumps" in the image
enable TV out: Select / deselect this option to enable / disable TV out. If the image card supports output to the TV, the output of gsdx9 will be displayed on the TV
nloop 0 hack: as the name suggests, it corrects some problems in Final Fantasy X. This is a very special hack that can only be applied to Final Fantasy X. Do not check this option under any other circumstances
record state: after this option is selected, gsdx9 will record all output images to the selected folder until it exits pcsx2. Note: the video file is very large, but it can be compressed. Only recommended for developers. Because this is mainly used for debugging purposes
Video: This is a hidden (: P) function. When pcsx2 is running in gsdx9 state, pressing the insert key on the keypad will bring up an information window. In the first space, you must fill in the folder to save the video file and the file name. In the second space, you can choose the decoding method, such as DivX or "no compression", which will not compress the video file. After the decoding mode is selected, the setting mode can be changed by pressing the "set" button. Note: only the decoding mode installed on the computer will appear in the menu
you can press the insert key on the keypad at any time to stop recording. The video speed will be automatically increased to 100% for viewing
delete: press this key to move the information bar from the output window to the actual display window (just like in gssoft), and press it again to return to the window
click OK to confirm the modification or cancel to return to the main settings window
select zerogs v0.96.0 and press the set button
zerogs is a new DirectX 9 plug-in developed by zerofrog. It is only suitable for image cards that support pixel coloring above version 2.0. As mentioned above, if the image card fails to meet the above requirements, the prompt of "open GS plug-in error" will appear, and pcsx2 will stop. Like gsdx9, it comes in two versions: regular and SSE2. The SSE2 version can be used only when the CPU supports SSE2 (Pentium 4 / core o or Athlon 64 / FX), which is faster
interlace enable: if this option is selected, some interlacing problems will be solved (such as "broken screen"), although if this option is disabled, some games will display better. This item can be switched by pressing "F5" key ring the game running
bilinear filtering: selecting this option will filter the display effect and make the image edge smooth. This usually causes the frame speed to drop significantly unless a fairly powerful image card is used. When the game is running, you can press "shift" and "F5" at the same time to switch this option
anti aliasing: the degree of anti aliasing can be selected here to make the image edge smooth. In the game running, you can press "F6" to switch. Note: this may rece the frame speed. Zero00008
2x: use 2x anti aliasing
4x: use 4x anti aliasing
wireframe rendering: when this option is selected, only wireframes will be rendered, so only polygon lines will be displayed
you can press "shift" and "F6" to switch this option when the game is running
Video: you can record your own game video here just like in the gsdx9 plug-in. But at present, the only decoder available is XviD, because other decoding methods will cause a crash. After selecting this item, you can press the set button to set it. Press OK to start recording. Press "F7" again to stop recording. The video files will be placed in the root directory of pcsx2 under the name of "zerogs. Avi"
screenshots in BMP format (default format is JPG): when this option is enabled, the screenshots when pressing "F8" will be stored in BMP format instead of the default JPG format. The screenshot exists in the / snap subdirectory of the pcsx2 directory
full screen: it's very simple. If you select this option, the image will be output in full screen instead of window mode. If this option is not selected and the game is already running, you can press and hold "ALT" and "enter" to switch to full screen
default window size: Here you can select the default window size of zeros runtime, including . Select the most appropriate one. Note: this item does not affect the speed
Press and hold "shift" and press "F7" at the same time to switch between displaying / not displaying frame speed
sound
since version 0.9.2, you can only use the people spu2 plug-in, which is a considerable improvement over the old version
This version does not contain spu2null plug-in, which is not supported in the new version
people spu2 is still in its early stage, but in many games it can already make sound, sometimes even music. At the same time, it can help the operation of the game, especially if the game crashes e to the problem of spu2 function
it is highly recommended, but it will cause 1-2 frame deceleration. Note that if the CPU does not support SSE2, you need to use the bui in the pcsx2.net download area
plug in configuration
graphics plug in configuration
sound plug in configuration
pad plug in configuration
CDVD plug in configuration
dev9 plug in configuration In configuration
USB plug-in configuration
FireWire plug-in configuration
BIOS configuration
CPU configuration
miscellaneous options configuration
setting pcsx2 < br />Pcsx2 currently has two versions: TLB version and VM (virtual memory) version. The execution file of TLB version is pcsx2t.exe, and that of VM version is pcsx2.exe. First, follow the recommended steps (type the user name, log off / log on, and restart the system) to try to run the VM version. If the program still cannot allocate memory, use TLB version. In terms of speed, the gap between the two is not big. Please don't worry too much
this is the main image interface (GUI) of pcsx2. Here, you can change the settings and plug-ins of pcsx2 according to your needs. Start with the settings option. You will see the following window (click to enlarge):
first you need to set up the directory of plug-ins and BIOS, so that pcsx2 can call plug-ins and BIOS in the corresponding directory. Therefore, if you do not use the default directories (/ plugins and / BIOS), you need to click these buttons to change them. The three buttons "set, test and about" under each plug-in are used to set the selected plug-in respectively; Test whether the plug-in works properly (this is a bit old-fashioned design, because if the plug-in appears in the list, it will work properly); And view the message of the selected plug-in
next, you will enter the specific plug-in settings<
Image
the version of pixel shaders supported by the image card
click this link to view (thanks to nachbrenner) GPU database
currently you can use the zeros v0.96.0 plug-in (from the interface plugins of pcsx2), which is a new Directx9 graphics plug-in. Only graphics cards that support pixel shader 2 can run
gsdx9 at v0.9.0, another plug-in based on Directx 9, written by gabest. The plug-in is usually faster than zerogs in 2D images, but it can also be slower than zerogs. If the graphics card does not support pixel shaders 2, be sure to use this plug-in. The above two plug-ins are included in the pcsx2 compressed package and do not need to be downloaded separately. Other plug-ins, such as gstaris, gssoft, gsmax, etc., will not appear in the list because they are out of date and will not be updated recently
select gsdx9 v0.9.0 and press the set button
first of all, gsdx9 has two versions, a normal version and a SSE2 version. Only when the processor supports SSE2 (Pentium 4 / core o or Athlon 64 / FX), the speed of SSE2 will be faster. Otherwise, the normal version must be used. Both sse1 and SSE2 are included in pcsx20.9
note: gsdx9 v0.9.0 has a bug in fixed pipeline and pixel shader 1.1, which will cause pixel shaders 1.1 color confusion. If the image card does not support high version of pixel coloring, then there will be color confusion in the game
resolution: in this drop-down menu, if you want gsdx9 to run in Windows mode, you can select "windowed". If you want gsdx9 to run in full screen mode, you can adjust the resolution and refresh rate here
shader: Here you can choose the shading method of graphics
Select & quot; Direct3D" In this case, gsdx9 will call the Direct3D function of the graphics card, which can significantly improve the simulation speed. At the same time, the compatibility of this mode is also quite good, so it is a very recommended option
Select & quot; Software(float)" In this case, gsdx9 will call the built-in software shader, and the CPU is not the image card. In this case, the simulation speed is extremely slow, but it has the highest compatibility. If there is a graphics bug in direct3 shader mode, you can consider the above options
Select & quot; Do not render" There will be no coloring, so there will be no display on the screen. Only in some special cases, such as listening to music, can we consider this option, because there will be quite high speed at this time
shader: here are five options:
if the image card does not support some of these modes, they will not appear in the drop-down menu
fixed pipeline: does not use pixel coloring technology. It is not recommended to use in version 0.90 because the color will be damaged
pixel shader 1.1: use pixel shader 1.1 to improve the image quality. It is not recommended to use in version 0.92 because the color will be damaged
pixel shader 1.4: use pixel shader 1.4 to improve the image quality
pixel shader 2.0: using pixel shader 2.0 can improve the image quality
pixel shader 3.0: using pixel shader 3.0 can improve the image quality. It is recommended to use image cards that support pixel coloring 3.0. High speed, high compatibility
enable palettized textures (D3D pixel coloring v2.0 +, slow speed): as mentioned above, you need to support pixel coloring 2 or higher image card, and use Direct3D to use this option normally. Select / deselect this option to enable / disable grid textures. When the textures used in a game are full of different grids, this mode will provide higher speed in some cases. But most of the time it's slow
linear texture filtering: Select / deselect this option to enable / disable linear texture filtering. If selected, the linear texture will be filtered to rece the "lumps" in the image
enable TV out: Select / deselect this option to enable / disable TV out. If the image card supports output to the TV, the output of gsdx9 will be displayed on the TV
nloop 0 hack: as the name suggests, it corrects some problems in Final Fantasy X. This is a very special hack that can only be applied to Final Fantasy X. Do not check this option under any other circumstances
record state: after this option is selected, gsdx9 will record all output images to the selected folder until it exits pcsx2. Note: the video file is very large, but it can be compressed. Only recommended for developers. Because this is mainly used for debugging purposes
Video: This is a hidden (: P) function. When pcsx2 is running in gsdx9 state, pressing the insert key on the keypad will bring up an information window. In the first space, you must fill in the folder to save the video file and the file name. In the second space, you can choose the decoding method, such as DivX or "no compression", which will not compress the video file. After the decoding mode is selected, the setting mode can be changed by pressing the "set" button. Note: only the decoding mode installed on the computer will appear in the menu
you can press the insert key on the keypad at any time to stop recording. The video speed will be automatically increased to 100% for viewing
delete: press this key to move the information bar from the output window to the actual display window (just like in gssoft), and press it again to return to the window
click OK to confirm the modification or cancel to return to the main settings window
select zerogs v0.96.0 and press the set button
zerogs is a new DirectX 9 plug-in developed by zerofrog. It is only suitable for image cards that support pixel coloring above version 2.0. As mentioned above, if the image card fails to meet the above requirements, the prompt of "open GS plug-in error" will appear, and pcsx2 will stop. Like gsdx9, it comes in two versions: regular and SSE2. The SSE2 version can be used only when the CPU supports SSE2 (Pentium 4 / core o or Athlon 64 / FX), which is faster
interlace enable: if this option is selected, some interlacing problems will be solved (such as "broken screen"), although if this option is disabled, some games will display better. This item can be switched by pressing "F5" key ring the game running
bilinear filtering: selecting this option will filter the display effect and make the image edge smooth. This usually causes the frame speed to drop significantly unless a fairly powerful image card is used. When the game is running, you can press "shift" and "F5" at the same time to switch this option
anti aliasing: the degree of anti aliasing can be selected here to make the image edge smooth. In the game running, you can press "F6" to switch. Note: this may rece the frame speed. Zero00008
2x: use 2x anti aliasing
4x: use 4x anti aliasing
wireframe rendering: when this option is selected, only wireframes will be rendered, so only polygon lines will be displayed
you can press "shift" and "F6" to switch this option when the game is running
Video: you can record your own game video here just like in the gsdx9 plug-in. But at present, the only decoder available is XviD, because other decoding methods will cause a crash. After selecting this item, you can press the set button to set it. Press OK to start recording. Press "F7" again to stop recording. The video files will be placed in the root directory of pcsx2 under the name of "zerogs. Avi"
screenshots in BMP format (default format is JPG): when this option is enabled, the screenshots when pressing "F8" will be stored in BMP format instead of the default JPG format. The screenshot exists in the / snap subdirectory of the pcsx2 directory
full screen: it's very simple. If you select this option, the image will be output in full screen instead of window mode. If this option is not selected and the game is already running, you can press and hold "ALT" and "enter" to switch to full screen
default window size: Here you can select the default window size of zeros runtime, including . Select the most appropriate one. Note: this item does not affect the speed
Press and hold "shift" and press "F7" at the same time to switch between displaying / not displaying frame speed
sound
since version 0.9.2, you can only use the people spu2 plug-in, which is a considerable improvement over the old version
This version does not contain spu2null plug-in, which is not supported in the new version
people spu2 is still in its early stage, but in many games it can already make sound, sometimes even music. At the same time, it can help the operation of the game, especially if the game crashes e to the problem of spu2 function
it is highly recommended, but it will cause 1-2 frame deceleration. Note that if the CPU does not support SSE2, you need to use the bui in the pcsx2.net download area
5. Singapore's nightclubs are very busy. Friends who like to revel at night will not worry about loneliness. There are more and more local clubbing hotspots, but Clarke Quay is the most popular.
6. The easiest way is to take a taxi.
for public transport, the nearest subway station is Expo CG1 to take a 35 or 35m bus or take a taxi
for public transport, the nearest subway station is Expo CG1 to take a 35 or 35m bus or take a taxi
7. First, to the local record, after the record to participate in the local bidding! Specific bidding should be based on the requirements of the bidding documents!!
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