The slogan of developing blockchain in Jiangsu Province
legal representative: Liu Zhengwei
time of establishment: December 19, 2016
registered capital: 105 million RMB
business registration number: 320191000063765
enterprise type: limited liability company (wholly state-owned)
address: 5 / F, CSCEC global building, 17 Xinghuo Road, Jiangbei new district, Nanjing City
(2) under the leadership of Xu Mingxing, okgroup has created and published authoritative books such as "illustrated blockchain" and "general economics", and proced visual popular science procts such as "chain and the future" series animation short films, and "blockchain · record", a public welfare documentary of the instry. Through these procts, it can disseminate instry information such as frontier trends, technological achievements, and technological applications of blockchain, And export valuable blockchain business knowledge to the business community through the business school
(3) okgroup, founded by him, is one of the earliest blockchain enterprises in China and a leader in the blockchain instry.
Blockchain instry development trend analysis technology has broad application prospects
with the characteristics of point-to-point payment, openness and transparency, the most direct application field of blockchain technology application is payment field. However, there are many pain points in domestic ticketing instry, such as too many agent levels, rampant scalpers, selling more than one ticket, fake tickets, lack of credit, etc, It can be solved by blockchain technology. The traditional ticketing mode needs the support of centralized facilities such as the third-party ticketing platform, and the information is extremely asymmetric. The new ticketing mode based on blockchain technology can realize point-to-point transaction, and the whole process is transparent and traceable
blockchain e-ticketing platform
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data source: the financial field of blockchain + application sorted out by prospective instry research institute is reshaping the financial instry pattern
the open and tamperable attribute of blockchain technology provides the possibility for decentralized trust mechanism,
has the potential to change the financial infrastructure. All kinds of financial assets, such as equity, bonds, bills, warehouse receipts, fund shares, etc., can be integrated into the blockchain ledger to become digital assets on the blockchain. They can be stored, transferred and traded on the blockchain, which makes them have a very broad application prospect in the financial field
by recing the cost of cross-border payment, securities trading and compliance, blockchain technology can save banks $15 billion to $20 billion a year
through the application of intelligent contract, blockchain + insurance can realize automatic claim settlement of insurance policy. Insurance institutions have high management and operation costs, and the data on the blockchain is true and reliable, which can effectively simplify the processing process of policy claims. In addition, the blockchain technology can realize the digital management of personal data, simplify information authentication, and help to trace the history of data
entertainment of blockchain + application: the development ecology of blockchain has taken shape, and the media instry may become the main beneficiary
blockchain technology can be widely used in news, games, picture right and other entertainment fields
blockchain technology will bring great changes to the underlying structure of the game and have a great impact on the current game instry. Gamers now have gatekeepers (centralized organizations) to decide prices, tax, censor users, control content, and profit from data. Through the decentralized platform, consumers can socialize and trade without mediation, providing more control and flexibility for game players in the game experience
blockchain + applied supply chain: it can improve the transparency of the supply chain, establish a new supply chain system
blockchain technology can improve the transparency, traceability and security of the supply chain, and promote a kind of trust and integrity. 1) At present, the supply chain has many disadvantages, such as long chain, many intermediate links, many interest joints, opaque and so on; 2)
the distributed bookkeeping technology of blockchain can register the transfer of goods on the ledger as a transaction, and determine the participants related to the proction chain management, as well as the proct price, date and location
1. The status quo of legislation
network virtual property is still a new thing in China, and the relevant laws to protect it are relatively backward, and there is no definite legislation on the protection of network virtual property in civil law
(1) the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the general principles of civil law are relatively general, but provide space for their interpretation: after the amendment of the Constitution in 2004, the protection of citizens' legitimate private property was explicitly included in the constitution, which provides a great space for the interpretation of civil law property According to the general principles of the civil law, "a citizen's personal property includes his legal income, house, savings, articles for daily use, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, and other means of proction and other legal property permitted by law." It is not clear that the network virtual property should be included in the personal legal property. However, there is no clear explanation for "other legal property" in China's law, which also provides space for us to interpret it
(2) the protection of network virtual property in the decision on maintaining Internet security is still unclear: Article 4 of the decision stipulates: "in order to protect the personal and property rights of indivials, legal persons and other organizations, those who commit one of the following acts, which constitute a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law... Theft, fraud, illegal use of the Internet "Extortion" and Article 6: "anyone who uses the Internet to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, which constitutes a civil infringement, shall bear civil liability according to law." The "decision" on the protection of network virtual property is still not clear, but also does not negate the protection of network virtual property, which also provides space for judicial interpretation
from the above legislative situation, China has no clear legal provisions for the handling of such cases, and has not carried out special legislation like South Korea, the United States and Taiwan. After the occurrence of network virtual property disputes, the disputes can not be solved in a timely and effective manner, which has brought great hidden dangers to the security of the Internet. Network virtual property disputes continue to emerge, calling for the relevant legislation and judicial as soon as possible< From the judicial point of view, the civil legal protection of network virtual property mainly involves the following aspects:
(1) the existing burden of proof sharing is obviously unfavorable to players
in civil litigation, generally speaking, it is "who claims, who provides evidence", If the party who claims the right can not provide the corresponding evidence to support his claim, he will bear the adverse consequences of litigation, and the civil dispute of network virtual property is no exception. In the online game environment, most players use the registration information is not real, in this case, not only to prove that they are the real owner of the ID, but also to prove that they lost the type and quantity of network virtual property. Due to the virtual characteristics of online games, the burden of proof is difficult for the players, which is obviously disadvantageous to the players. Because the operation and transaction of network virtual property are all dynamic, after the loss of network virtual property, it is difficult for players to find the relevant traces, and it is even more difficult to prove their legal ownership< (2) it is difficult to determine the value of network virtual property. At present, there is no unified standard for the evaluation and calculation of the value of network virtual property, so it is difficult to get fair compensation after disputes< (3) it is difficult to apply the existing evidence rules to the confirmation of evidence in the case of network virtual property. In essence, network virtual property is just a set of data stored in the computer, one of its characteristics is that it can be copied infinitely. On the other hand, because the game server is always in a state of high-speed movement, it brings considerable difficulties to the fixation of evidence. Once the network virtual property disappears or is deleted by the operator, it is not easy to find the evidence related to the case Article 69 of the regulations on evidence in civil procere clearly stipulates that the following evidence can not be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case alone: (4) copies and reproctions that cannot be checked with the original or the original. " As far as the network virtual property is concerned, it is difficult to distinguish the original and the of the evidence provided by the plaintiff and the defendant in the form of the network virtual property itself, pictures and screenshots. Obviously, it is difficult to apply the existing rules of evidence in the case of network virtual property. A good solution to this problem depends on the breakthrough of the existing rules of evidence in legislation or judicial interpretation
in judicial practice, the basis of coordinating or dealing with disputes related to online virtual property is the previous agreement between players and online game companies, as well as the theory of civil law, combined with the rules of online game itself to choose the applicable jurisprudence. This also reflects the principle of law application in China: there is law, according to law; There is no law, according to convention; There is no convention, according to the law. Just because the basis of dealing with disputes is some legal theories, rather than specific legal provisions, the basis of solving online virtual property disputes in online games lacks legal authority. It can be seen that the current situation of civil law protection of network virtual property in China is not very optimistic. The legal circle should pay more attention to it and improve the existing civil legal provisions in order to stabilize the social legal environment.
Smart contract
smart contract is based on these trusted and tamperable data, which can automatically execute some pre-defined rules and terms, allowing trusted transactions without a third party, and these transactions are traceable and irreversible. The concept of smart contract was first proposed by Nick Szabo in 1995. The purpose of smart contract is to provide a better security method than traditional contract and rece other transaction costs related to the contract
The digital form of 
extended data
means that the contract has to be written into computer-readable code. This is necessary, because as long as the participants reach an agreement, the rights and obligations of smart contract establishment are executed by a computer or computer network
to further explain:
(1) when the parties to the agreement
smart contract reach the agreement, the answer depends on the implementation of the specific smart contract. Generally speaking, the contract is discovered when the parties are committed to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract host platform
(2) the real meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, implementation means active implementation through technical means(3) computer readable code
in addition, the specific "digital form" required by the contract is very dependent on the agreement that the parties agree to use